土壤有机质模型的比较分析

土壤有机质作为土壤C库,其含量和动态变化对全球C循环、土壤肥力、土壤质量和健康起着重要作用.SOM模型利用经验性的假设和已有数据对土壤有机质含量和动态变化进行模拟,尤其是可以对无法取得足够必要数据的试验进行模拟,所以SOM模型成为定量研究土壤有机质积累分解的重要手段.利用SOM模型有助于对土壤有机质分解机理的研究,并且可通过SOM模型对土壤CO2排放量、植物生产量进行预测,同时也可对农业管理措施做出评估.文中对几种SOM模型进行了概述,尤其对有影响的RothC模型和CENTURY模型进行了比较分析。

Integrated processing-structure-property analysis on rubber in-mold vulcanization

On the basis of the quantitative relationship among rubber processing, structure and property, the methodology of the integrated processing-structure-property analysis on rubber in-mold vulcanization is presented, and then the temporal evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of silicone rubber hot processing parameters, crosslinking structure parameters and mechanical property parameters are obtained by means of the finite element method. The present work is helpful for optimizing curing conditions, and then the design of rubber vulcanization processes according to certain requirements can be done.

Periodical mixing of MORB magmas near East Pacific Rise 13N: evidence from modeling and zoned plagioclase phenocrysts

Thirty-six basalt samples from near East Pacific Rise 13N are analyzed for major and trace elements. Different types of zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts are also backscatter imaged, and major element profiles scanned and analyzed for microprobe. Basalts dredged from a restricted area have evolved to different extents (MgO=9.38wt%-6.76wt%). High MgO basalts are modeled for crystallization to MgO of about 7wt%, and resulted in the Ni contents (28 ppm) that are generally lower than that in observed basalts (> 60 ppm). It suggests that low MgO basalts may have experienced more intensive magma mixing. High MgO (9.38wt%) basalt is modeled for self-"mixing-crystallization", and the high Ni contents in low MgO basalts can be generated in small scale and periodical self-mixing of new magma (high MgO). "Mixing-crystallization" processes that low MgO magmas experienced accord with recent 226Ra/230Th disequilibria studies for magma residence time, in which low MgO magmas have experienced more circles of "mixing-crystallization" in relatively longer residence time. Magma mixing is not homogeneous in magma chamber, however, low MgO magmas are closer to stable composition produced by periodical "mixing-crystallization", which is also an important reason for magma diversity in East Pacific Rise. Zoned plagioclase phenocrysts can be divided into two types: with and without high An# cores, both of which have multiple reversed An# zones, suggesting periodical mixing of their host magmas. Cores of zoned plagioclase in low MgO (7.45wt%) basalt differ significantly with their mantle in An#, but are similar in An# with microlite cores (products of equilibrium crystallization) in high MgO (9.38wt%) basalt, which further shows that plagioclase phenocryst cores in low MgO basalts may have formed in their parental magmas before entering into the magma chamber.

The Obduction of Equatorial 13 degrees C Water in the Pacific Identified by a Simulated Passive Tracer

The obduction of equatorial 13 degrees C Water in the Pacific is investigated using a simulated passive tracer of the Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO). The result shows that the 13 degrees C Water initialized in the region 8 degrees N-8 degrees S, 130 degrees-90 degrees W enters the surface mixed layer in the eastern tropical Pacific, mainly through upwelling near the equator, in the Costa Rica Dome, and along the coast of Peru. Approximately two-thirds of this obduction occurs within 10 years after the 13 degrees C Water being initialized, with the upper portion of the water mass reaching the surface mixed layer in only about a month. The obduction of the 13 degrees C Water helps to maintain a cool sea surface temperature year-round, equivalent to a surface heat flux of about -6.0 W m(-2) averaged over the eastern tropical Pacific (15 degrees S-15 degrees N, 130 degrees W-eastern boundary) for the period of integration (1993-2006). During El Nino years, when the thermocline deepens as a consequence of the easterly wind weakening, the obduction of the 13 degrees C Water is suppressed, and the reduced vertical entrainment generates a warming anomaly of up to 10 W m(-2) in the eastern tropical Pacific and in particular along the coast of Peru, providing explanations for the warming of sea surface temperature that cannot be accounted for by local winds alone. The situation is reversed during La Nina years.

青藏高原不同海拔地区唐古特山莨菪叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性的比较研究

以青藏高原东北隅的西宁和海北（海拔分别为2 300 m和3 200 m）人工栽培唐古特山莨菪为材料,对两不同海拔地区间各叶层叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标进行比较分析.结果显示：（1）生长在海北的唐古特山莨菪叶片厚度极显著高于西宁（P〈0.01）,且两地区植物的叶片厚度从第1层到第4层均呈显著增加趋势;海北唐古特山莨菪叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及紫外吸收物质的含量均显著高于西宁地区（P〈0.05）,从第1层到第4层,两地植株叶片的光合色素和紫外吸收物质的含量都呈降低的趋势,且两地区间差异显著;叶绿素a/b的层间差异显著（P〈0.05）,但两海拔地区间差异不显著;类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值海北高于西宁,从第1层到第4层叶片呈降低趋势.（2）生长于海北的唐古特山莨菪叶片组织中的SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量比西宁的高,POD、APX则相反;从第1层叶片到第4层,西宁和海北唐古特山莨菪叶片中的SOD活性显著增高（P〈0.05）,但两地区各层间的CAT、POD、APX活性和MDA含量无明显的变化.研究表明,不同海拔对唐古特山莨菪叶片的生理特性有影响,同一海拔不同叶层叶片之间差异也较为明显;生长在高海拔地区的植物尽管表现出诸多生理适应特征,但膜系统依然有一定受损.

那保胶囊质量标准研究

目的：建立那保胶囊（黄芪、当归、延胡索、白花蛇舌草、铁棒锤等）的质量标准。方法：采用TLC对处方中当归、延胡索及白花蛇舌草进行鉴别,对毒性药材铁棒锤进行限量检查,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器（HPLC-ELSD）法测定黄芪甲苷的含量。结果：TLC鉴别分离度好,专属性强;铁棒锤中乌头碱含量不超过规定;黄芪甲苷在1～10μg的范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9990）,平均回收率为99.05（RSD=2.48,n=6）。结论：所建立的质量标准方法可靠、准确、专属性强,可有效控制那保胶囊的质量。

松辽盆地南部岩性油藏成藏模式与分布规律

According to the basic geologic conditions, the paper is directed by the modem oil-gas accumulation theory and petroleum system in which typical oil pools are analyzed and the shape of lithologic trap and geologic factors are pointed out. The process during which oil and gas migrate from source rock to lithologic trap is rebuilt, and the accumulation model of oil pool is set up. With the comprehensive application of seismic geologic and log data and paying attention to the method and technology which is used to distinguish lithologic accumulation. Promising structural-lithofacies zones are got and the distribution rule of various lithologic accumulation is concluded. With making use of the biologic mark compound, different reservoirs are compared. As a result, the oil and gas in HeiDimiao come from Nenjiang Group's source rocks; in SaErTu from QingShenkou Group's and Nenjiang Group's, and in PuTaohua. GaoTaizi and FuYang from QingShankou Group's. According to the development and distribution of effective source rock, oil distribution and the comparison in the south of SongLiao basin, the characteristic of basin structure and reservoir distribution is considered, and then the middle-upper reservoir of SongLiao basin south are divided into two petroleum system and a complex petroleum system. Because of the characteristic of migration and accumulation, two petroleum systems can furtherly be divided into 6-7 sub-petroleum systems,20 sub-petroleum systems in all. As a result of the difference of the migration characteristic, accumulation conditions and the place in the petroleum system, the accumulation degree and accumulation model are different. So three accumulation mechanism and six basic accumulation model of lithologic trap are concluded. The distribution of lithologic pools is highly regular oil and gas around the generation sag distribute on favorable structural-lithofacies zones, the type of lithological pool vary regularly from the core of sandstone block to the upper zone. On the basic of regional structure and sedimentary evolution, main factors which control the form of trap are discovered, and it is the critical factor method which is used to discern the lithologic trap. After lots of exploration, 700km~2 potential trap is distinguished and 18391.86 * 10~4 tons geologic reserves is calculated. Oil-water distribution rule of pinch-out oil pool is put up on plane which is the reservoirs can be divided into four sections. This paper presented the law of distribution of oil and water in updip pinch-out reservoir, that is, hydrocarbon-bearing formation in plane can be divided into four zones: bottom edge water zone, underside oil and water zone, middle pure oil zone and above residual water zone. The site of the first well should be assigned to be middle or above pure oil zone, thus the exploration value of this type of reservoir can be recognized correctly. In accordance with the characteristics of seism and geology of low permeability thin sandstone and mudstone alternation layer, the paper applied a set of reservoir prediction technology, that is: (1)seism multi-parameter model identification; (2) using stratum's absorbing and depleting information to predict reservoir's abnormal hydrocarbon-bearing range. With the analysis of the residual resource potential and the research of two petroleum system and the accumulation model, promising objective zones are predicted scientifically. And main exploration aim is the DaRngZi bore in the west of ChangLin basin, and YingTai-SiFangZi middle-upper assembly in Honggang terrace.

三维非均匀各向异性介质中的纵波走时反演研究

Many observations show that seismic anisotropy is very common in the crust and upper mantle of the Earth. Seismic anisotropy can provide some clue about the changing and transporting process inside the earth. in recent years, abundant earthquake travel time data are accumulated, computers become more powerful, and these make the inversion of earthquake travel time data practical. In this thesis we studied the theory of elastic wave in anisotropic media, some formule for travel time inversion were derived. We present an iterative procedure to determine 21 elastic parameters from qP wave travel times. No a priori assumptions about heterogeneity and anisotropy of the model are made. The procedure is suitable for the case when we know nothing about the symmetry of anisotropy of the media, as well as for the case of earthquake travel time inversion which may contain various symmetry of anisotropy. The procedure is tested with a synthetic multiple-source offset VSP experiment. The results proved that the formulae are correct, and the procedure is practical. The results and the related theory indicate that the anisotropic inversion needs more rays than isotropic case. For a 2-D weak anisotropic (WA) medium, we need at least 5 rays in different directions to retrieve the elastic parameters on one grid point, and for a 3-D WA medium we need at least 15 rays in different directions to retrieve the elastic parameters on one grid point. The results also indicate that the starting background velocity has no influence on the final results, at least for the model we specified. Our results also show that insufficient illumination coverage will slow down the convergence rate, and make the results more sensitive to noise. We apply the procedure to a set of field travel time data. The data is from an artificial seismic observation. This observation is for locating micro-seismic events around a tunnel, its purpose is to find out if the digging process and the stress condition around the tunnel can generate micro-cracks. The size of this area is around 100m. The anisotropy derived from qP travel times is the same as the anisotropy showed by apparent velocities, and is also consistent with the anisotropy derived from S-wave splitting phenomena.

L'Ane promeneur, ou Critès promené par son ane : Chef-d'oeuvre pour servir d'Apologie au Goût, aux Moeurs, à l'Esprit, et aux Découvertes du siècle

Première edition revue, corrigée, et précédée d'une Préface à la Mosaïque, dans le plus nouveau goût.

Teatro critico universal, o Discursos varios en todo genero de materias, para desengaño de errores comunes

Nueva impresion, en la qual van puestas las adiciones del Suplemento en sus lugares.

Cestería en esparto Cerinza - Boyacá 1989-1995.

76 hojas : ilustraciones.