946 resultados para private health insurance
Resumo:
We aimed to characterize the HIV-1 epidemic of the Belgian and Colombian cohorts using an integrated approach that includes socio-demographic information, clinical data, and viral sequences, analyzed with statistical and phylogenetic approaches.
Resumo:
Introducción: La atención de calidad en urgencias sólo es posible si los médicos han recibido una enseñanza de alta calidad. La escala PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure) es un instrumento válido y fiable, utilizado internacionalmente para medir el entorno educativo, en la formación médica de posgrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal que utilizó la escala PHEEM versión en español para conocer el entorno educativo de los programas de urgencias. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se calculó para determinar la consistencia interna. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a nivel global, por categorías e ítems de la escala PHEEM y se compararon resultados por sexo, año de residencia y programa. Resultados: 94 (94%) residentes llenaron el cuestionario. La puntuación media de la escala PHEEM fue 93,91 ± 23,71 (58,1% de la puntuación máxima) que se considera un ambiente educativo más positivo que negativo, pero con margen de mejora. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la percepción del ambiente educativo entre los programas de residencia (p =0,01). El instrumento es altamente confiable (alfa de Cronbach = 0,952). La barrera más frecuente en la enseñanza fue el hacinamiento y la evaluación fue percibida con el propósito de cumplir normas. Discusión: Los resultados de este estudio aportaron evidencia sobre la validez interna de la escala PHEEM en el contexto colombiano. Este estudio demostró cómo la medición del ambiente educativo en una especialidad médico-quirúrgica, con el uso de una herramienta cuantitativa, puede proporcionar información en relación a las fortalezas y debilidades de los programas.
Resumo:
Introducción: El trabajo infantil es una problemática mundial que lleva a los niños a adquirir responsabilidades de adultos desde temprana edad, con el fin de obtener recursos económicos que contribuyan a mejorar la economía familiar. El presente trabajo estudia las características de los niños trabajadores en Colombia en el año 2010, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de empleador. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que se realizó empleando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud Colombia-2010. Se incluyeron en el análisis todos los niños entre los 6 y 17 años con datos en la encuesta. Resultados: En total se incluyeron 51.496 niños. A comparación de los niños no trabajadores, los niños que trabajan, independientemente de su empleador, tienen mayor edad, vienen de hogares más pobres, son con mayor frecuencia hombres, no se encuentran escolarizados y pertenecen al régimen subsidiado o no están afiliados al sistema de seguridad social. Los niños que trabajan con sus familias refieren peor estado de salud, pertenecen con mayor frecuencia a la etnia indígena, reciben subsidios de alimentación, tienen con menor frecuencia presencia de su madre y viven en áreas rurales. Los niños que trabajan con un tercero están afiliados con menor frecuencia al régimen de seguridad social especial, tienen menor probabilidad de haber visitado un médico en el último año, el jefe de hogar no es hombre con mayor frecuencia, y viven principalmente en áreas rurales. Finalmente los niños que trabajan independiente pertenecen con mayor frecuencia a la etnia afro-descendiente y viven en hogares donde el jefe de hogar es mujer. Conclusiones: Los niños trabajadores presentan características comunes independientemente de su tipo de empleador, pero de acuerdo al tipo de empleador también se encuentran características particulares.
Resumo:
We analyze the effect of a parametric reform of the fully-funded pension regime in Colombia on the intensive margin of the labor supply. We take advantage of a threshold defined by law in order to identify the causal effect using a regression discontinuity design. We find that a pension system that increases retirement age and the minimum weeks during which workers must contribute to claim pension benefits causes an increase of around 2 hours on the number of weekly worked hours; this corresponds to 4% of the average number of weekly worked hours or around 14% of a standard deviation of weekly worked hours. The effect is robust to different specifications, polynomial orders and sample sizes.
Resumo:
La financiación de los sistemas de salud en los países en desarrollo mediante esquemas de aseguramiento, presenta el desafío estructural de la informalidad de los mercados laborales. Ni el esquema de financiamiento comunitario ni el del subsidio a la oferta, parecen ofrecer una garantía de acceso a los grupos más vulnerables. Pero la extensión de esquemas de seguro subsidiado también implica mayores presiones sobre el gasto social. Este artículo es una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, en el cual se revisan experiencias internacionales de los tipos mencionados, y se analiza su relevancia para Colombia.
Resumo:
Even though antenatal care is universally regarded as important, determinants of demand for antenatal care have not been widely studied. Evidence concerning which and how socioeconomic conditions influence whether a pregnant woman attends or not at least one antenatal consultation or how these factors affect the absences to antenatal consultations is very limited. In order to generate this evidence, a two-stage analysis was performed with data from the Demographic and Health Survey carried out by Profamilia in Colombia during 2005. The first stage was run as a logit model showing the marginal effects on the probability of attending the first visit and an ordinary least squares model was performed for the second stage. It was found that mothers living in the pacific region as well as young mothers seem to have a lower probability of attending the first visit but these factors are not related to the number of absences to antenatal consultation once the first visit has been achieved. The effect of health insurance was surprising because of the differing effects that the health insurers showed. Some familiar and personal conditions such as willingness to have the last children and number of previous children, demonstrated to be important in the determination of demand. The effect of mother’s educational attainment was proved as important whereas the father’s educational achievement was not. This paper provides some elements for policy making in order to increase the demand inducement of antenatal care, as well as stimulating research on demand for specific issues on health.
Resumo:
El objetivo de este capítulo es mostrar los resultados de investigación del desempeño de las redes de servicios de salud frente a diferentes dimensiones relacionadas al acceso, coordinación y calidad de la atención en dos enfermedades crónicas como es el cáncer de mama y la diabetes en Colombia, importantes patologías por su incidencia e impacto así como por la necesidad de la mecanismos efectivos de coordinación para la adecuada atención de los usuarios del sistema de salud. Por tanto, se realiza el análisis del desempeño de dos redes de servicios de salud en la atención de usuarias con diagnostico confirmado de cáncer de mama, vinculadas unas a redes pertenecientes al régimen contributivo y otras al régimen subsidiado. Redes que también fueron consideradas para el análisis del desempeño en la atención de usuarios con diagnostico confirmado de diabetes, en el que de manera adicional participó otra red perteneciente al régimen subsidiado con área de operación en el municipio de Soacha, puesto que las dos anteriores tiene influencia en la ciudad de Bogotá. La fuente primaria de los datos fue la historia clínica y éstos fueron extraídos de acuerdo a ciertos indicadores seleccionados por el equipo investigador a través de un previo proceso de validación y a partir de su importancia para evidenciar el desempeño de las redes de servicios de salud en las dimensiones enunciadas anteriormente. Se muestran los resultados del estudio, a partir de los cuales se propone una breve discusión y conclusiones.
Resumo:
Purpose – The focus of extant strategy literature is on for-profit organisations and within these group public organisations. There are other forms of organisations and following the deep recession of 2008 there is greater interest in other forms of organisation. In this case study and interview the aim is to examine strategy, strategic decisions and strategic management of a not-for-profit provident. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on documentary evidence and a semi-structured interview with Ray King, chief executive of Bupa. The perspective of CEO is key in strategy and such perspectives are relatively rarer. Findings – Bupa invests its surplus to provide better healthcare. Free from the pressures of quarterly reporting and shareholders it can pursue long-term value creation for members rather than short-term surpluses. Research limitations/implications – The case study and interview offers a unique insight into strategy-making within a successful mutual provident that has grown organically and externally becoming an international leader in health insurance. Originality/value – This case study sheds light on strategy-making within a not-for-profit provident that has diversified and grown significantly over the past six decades. Furthermore, very few case studies offer insight into the thinking of a chief executive who has successfully managed a business in a turbulent environment.
Resumo:
Syftet med vår uppsats var att få en djupare insikt i och kunskap om hur de människor som arbetar med försäkringsärenden på Försäkringskassan upplever och ser på sitt arbete. Våra frågeställningar söker svaret på hur handläggarna uppfattar sina möjligheter till egna initiativ i handläggningsarbetet. För att få svar på dessa frågor från ett ”inifrånperspektiv” har vi valt att hämta empirin från en fokusgruppintervju med fyra tjänstemän som arbetar med handläggning på en Försäkringskassa i Mellansverige. Vårt teoretiska utgångsläge var Johan Asplunds teori om den sociala responsiviteten och Roine Johanssons teori om organisatoriska begränsningar i kundrelaterat arbete. En annan utgångspunkt för vår studie har varit tidigare forskning inom områden som berör Försäkringskassan. Vi har genom vår studie kommit fram till att den teori som Roine Johansson tar upp om handläggningsutrymme bekräftas utifrån de slutsatser vi dragit från vår analys. Den sociala relationen som utspelas mellan handläggarna i det dagliga arbetet får sin förklaring genom Asplunds teori om den socialt responsiva människan och ger upphov till en intern policy som formar ärendehanteringen för lokalkontoret på ett specifikt sätt. Vi har kommit fram till att det finns ett handlingsutrymme i Försäkringskassan som grundar sig på interna överenskommelser och egna initiativ i arbetet. Detta bekräftas av Roine Johanssons teori om handlingsutrymme inom Försäkringskassans arbetsområde.
Resumo:
In this paper I examine the structure of the current assisted living industry in order to explain how and why it is appealing and effective, as well as look at its limitations. I discuss the politics of Medicaid and Medicare, and how through these programs the federal and state governments are failing to provide adequate care for the nation’s senior population. Like the rest of our health care system, these two public health insurance systems are fragmented, and consequently, financing long-term care is complicated and insufficient. Ultimately, this paper will function as a policy report and I will propose: standardized requirements for assisted living facilities; a stricter and new way to regulate assisted living on the state level; restructured models for the public insurance programs, including Medicaid, Medicare, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program.
Resumo:
Fundamentos: A literatura tem demonstrado que a detecção precoce e a remoção cirúrgica em fases iniciais reduz a mortalidade do melanoma e que, em conseqüência, a identificação do melanoma em fases curáveis deve ser encorajada. Objetivos: O interesse principal do estudo foi conhecer se os melanomas cutâneos, no meio, estão sendo diagnosticados em fases iniciais, através de método reprodutível e armazenável. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com os casos de melanomas cutâneos primários, analisados nos laboratórios de patologia de Porto Alegre, de 1° de janeiro de 1994 a 30 de junho de 1995, a fim de avaliar se os diagnósticos foram realizados em estágios precoces. Os casos foram revisados por três dermatopatologistas, que classificaram quanto ao tipo histológico e quanto ao nível de invasão de Clark. Foi realizado um consenso com pelo menos duas concordâncias. A espessura de Breslow foi considerada fator prognóstico determinante e foi medida através de um sistema de análise de imagem computadorizada, por dois membros da equipe. Resultados: Do total de 279 casos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, 2,15% eram intraepiteliais. Dos melanomas invasivos, 52% tinham espessura ≤ 1,5 mm. Quando agrupado por sexo e procedência, as mulheres de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tiveram a mais alta taxa de diagnóstico precoce (75% ≤ 1,5 mm). O tronco foi o sítio predominante no homem e freqüente na mulher. O melanoma de espalhamento superficial foi o tipo histológico mais freqüente (80,9%), seguido pelo nodular (10,1%). Para definir os determinantes do diagnóstico precoce, foram realizados cruzamentos simples, dos melanomas intraepiteliais somados aos de espessura <0,76 mm, com o sexo, a idade, a procedência, a situação previdenciária, a região anatômica e o tipo histológico. A análise de variáveis múltiplas demonstrou que apenas o sexo (feminino), o sítio anatômico (outras regiões exceto membros inferiores) e a procedência (Porto Alegre) mostraram-se variáveis independentes para determinar um diagnóstico precoce. A idade ≥ 40 anos apresentou significância próxima ao limite. O tipo histológico foi excluído do modelo, uma vez que gerou instabilidade estatística. Conclusão: Embora o número de casos fosse pequeno, o diagnóstico do melanoma ainda é tardio (52% com até 1,5 mm de espessura). Entretanto, existe um subgrupo de diagnóstico precoce que são mulheres, sobretudo de Porto Alegre, possivelmente por estarem mais atentas e informadas sobre os riscos do melanoma. As mudanças no estilo de vida, nas últimas décadas, provavelmente são responsáveis pela maior incidência no tronco e pela alta freqüência de melanoma de espalhamento superficial encontrada. A análise da espessura tumoral por projeção em tela de computador mostrou-se um recurso auxiliar vantajoso.
Resumo:
This dissertation presents the result of a study accomplished on the degree of use of the certificate of hospital Accreditation as one of the criteria for the accreditation of hospitals by the health insurance companies. Should be emphasized that the Accreditation Certificate represents the main final product of Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program, being the first emitted when the hospital assists to the quality patterns specified by the Program. In that way, the study focus was, in general terms, Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program and, more strictly, the Accreditation Certificate and it use. To reach the objectives proposed by the study, interviews were accomplished with the professionals responsible for the accreditation of the hospitals in the main health insurance companies of Brazil. In the total, five companies were consulted among the ten larger health insurance companies of Brazil, considering the number of beneficiaries. To complement the research, additional information were collected in the National Agency of Supplemental Health. It was verified, through the research, that the health insurance companies don't use the Accreditation Certificate given by the Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program to accredit hospitals.
Resumo:
The objective of this dissertation is to discover and to analyze the way how the consumer uses his/her perception to decide contracting a health plan, to supply elements that can serve to subsidize the State, the market and the consumers, in relation to the knowledge on the process of choice of the consumer and the decisions of purchase and contracting services of private health. The estimated one is to evidence that the brand of health plan is an important variable and decisive to the consumer contracting the service of a company that operates in these sector, because mean for the consumer security about the product, through the symbolism that the same one represents, despite the consumer not knowing to the certainty what is contracting in quality and amount. The theoretical construction is carried through using literature of anthropology of the consumption, theory of modernity, theory of the regulation, economic utilitarism, and marketing. Moreover, referential specific theoretician on the regulation of the market of health plans in Brazil. The health plan market in Brazil is anti-symmetrical and the consumer doesn¿t have knowledge technician who makes possible it to form judgment and to carry through rationality choices. Than the consumer uses to his/her decision symbolic elements that are available to his/her and supply to his/her the security that is look likes in the consumption of this kind of good. These symbolic elements related the confidence and security and are into the strong brands of the companies and are transmitted to the consumer through the mass media. In this dissertation are used as sources of data some information of the regulatory agency of the sector ¿ ANS -, a research of public opinion with health plans users and the results of the application of proper questionnaires for this research.
Resumo:
The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of the Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, complemented, in the non-conflictive aspects of these two visions, by the Anthony Giddens¿ institutional vision on the field genesis motivational factors. The research¿ data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews during 2002 e 2003 period, involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field¿s phenomena under an actors¿ perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, their evident strategic goals, and those that are not so, besides of the powers¿ resources used to reach them, by DiMaggio and Powell¿ vision. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market¿s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate¿ actions, basically after the past seventy¿ decade, as result of a alternative Government¿ strategy towards a Brazilian population¿s dissemination plan of health¿ services that enforced the institutionalization of isomorphic structures, with a strong internal interaction and a hierarchy between kinds of values, that had emphasized the health¿ symbol as a citizenship¿s value. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity¿ Brazilian¿s population and the consequent work¿s dismiss may cause a private health¿ elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação analisa como as estratégias de entrada de mercado adotadas por uma organização privada de saúde contribuíram para a formação dos recursos e capacidades dos seus novos empreendimentos e para o desempenho desses negócios. Para tanto, este trabalho recorre a revisão bibliográfica sobre Entrada de Mercado e Teoria dos Recursos da Firma (RBV) e aplica um estudo de caso no Fleury S.A., apoiado em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os altos executivos da organização. Os empreendimentos Check-up, Hospital-Dia e a Holding NKB são estudados em profundidade e evidenciam características distintas de entrada, que variam conforme os laços de ligação com o Fleury: por meio do crescimento interno, da formação de uma Joint Venture e da criação de uma Spin-off. Como resultados, verifica-se a convergência da literatura de Entrada de Mercado e RBV, em que os recursos e capacidades do potencial entrante têm um importante impacto no modo de entrada, bem como em sua performance pós-entrada de mercado. Por outro lado, a inexperiência no novo mercado e as analogias equivocadas foram observadas como as principais responsáveis pela entrada inapropriada em um novo mercado.