Administração judiciária e os juizados especiais cíveis: o caso do Rio Grande do Sul

Os Juizados Especiais foram criados para proporcionar acesso à justiça, de forma simples e rápida, sem custos, objetivando resolver conflitos de menor complexidade, de modo informal e preferencialmente através da conciliação. Decorridas mais de duas décadas desde a sua implantação, no Rio Grande do Sul, o sistema não vêm tendo a devida atenção, quer de parte dos operadores, quer de parte do próprio Judiciário. O risco de contaminação das práticas do sistema tradicional de justiça, burocrático e formalista e, por isso mesmo, moroso, exige medidas de administração judiciária que evitem o desvirtuamento dos princípios com base nos quais os Juizados Especiais foram concebidos. A correta atuação dos Juízes Presidentes dos Juizados Especiais, a orientação aos servidores que nele atuam, a prévia preparação dos juízes leigos e conciliadores para o exercício das relevantes funções que lhes são atribuídas, o comprometimento dos integrantes das Turmas Recursais com a unidade do sistema e, fundamentalmente, gestão deste pelo órgão estadual responsável pela coordenação e supervisão dos Juizados Especiais, são medidas que, juntamente com os necessários investimentos em informatização, incentivo à inovação e ao uso das novas tecnologias, padronização de procedimentos, aperfeiçoamento dos bancos de dados e sistema estatístico, podem promover melhorias significativas no seu desempenho.

O global e o contextual no aprendizado gerencial de multinacionais: uma perspectiva brasileira

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

Sistemas de informações sobre recursos hídricos e a dupla dominialidade das águas: o caso da integração do sistema nacional e dos sistemas estaduais de recursos hídricos na Bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul

The National Water Management Policy was defined by Law 9.433/97 (Water Act), establishing the hydrographic basin as the management unity, independently of geographic limits and respective federal organisms. Nevertheless, water management entities and instruments are directly associated to different federal entities located within the same basin, and depend on them for being effective. The absence of law mechanisms that conciliate the various requisitions of federal organisms located in the same basin is a challenge still without brazilian law support. This study describes the integration process of information systems in Paraíba do Sul river basin. It also emphasizes integration restrictions of these systems, the cooperation level and the instruments used by the various actors and federal organisms in order to meet National Water Management Policy objectives. The management instrument Water Management Information System is presented as an important component that helps the stakeholders decision making process involved in water management, respecting federalism and the water domains defined in the brazilian constitution, and according to the policy established in the Water Act. In theoretical aspects, this work presents the basic concepts of National Water Management Policy institutional arrangement, considering the network aspects in public policy, the limits imposed by federalism and the way that the water domains is defined in the brazilian constitution and according to the brazilian Water Act. Besides, it identifies the most significant questions related with information systems implementation in public administration and water management. It also illustrates how cooperative federalism and information systems may create conditions that do guarantee the National Water Management Policy management instruments operationality within a hydrographic basin. The action research method was used to develop the research and the selected entity was the Fundação Superintendência Estadual de Rios e Lagoas (Serla). Serla was the water management entity in Rio de Janeiro state, at the research beginning. Others methods as bibliographic and documentary research were also used, aiming to describe the hydrographic basin, as well as the processes and systems concerned with the implementation of the National Water Management Policy in Paraíba do Sul basin.

O contrato de gestão em busca de um modelo para empresas de obras especiais - EMPROE-U.E.E

The present dissertation target, is to analyze the application viability of the administration contract at the Public Administration in a general and concomitantly order, to simulate a contract of Administration for a Special-Works Enterprise - Economical State Unity - EMPROE - U.E.E , pointed out the importance of this, for the immediate Political-Social and economical situation that Angola hindes on the domain of Public-Works and Urbanism taking account the theoretical developed on the following chapters. At the first chapter, seeked to supply brief datas about what have been done at several sectors ofthe angolan economy. At the second chapter, particularizedly describes the historical evolution of the Manageral ambience from Angola. At the third chapter we did mention to the concepts and thecnical aspects of the Strategical Administration and the concepts, origins, and the Administration characteristics by Objectives. The fourth chapter handles about the origin of the Administration Contracts, according of his historic/concept at the evolution agreement procedures. At the fifth chapter doing some considerations about the Brazilian Experience of Administraion contracts, particularizing cases from C.V.R.D. , from Petrobrás and the implantation skill of the Administration contracts for the State Govemments of São Paulo. At the sixth chapter allude to the American Experince in Administration contracts had the flexibility and the Institute of "W AIVER" as reference. At the seventh chapter dials of the Angolan Experience at the Administration contracts, just as reference to the Beers Nacional Enterprises - CERV AL. The eighth presents a contract simulation of Administration between the EMPROE-U.E.E and the MINOPU, focalizing the Strategical function, mission and the luridical instruments, according to a specific model. The ninth and the last one chapter do some inherences to the analysis of the contracts viability of Administration and some suggestions for the Enterprise as a conclusion.

Gestão democrática no serviço público: o caso FIOCRUZ

o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o modelo de gestão implantado na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, procurando identificar os limites e possibilidades de um processo de gestão democrática no Serviço Público, e de outro, inventariar, criticamente, os modelos administrativos disponíveis que tenham a questão da gestão democrática como pressuposto organizacional. Norteou o trabalho a trajetória institucional da FIOCRUZ, notadamente o período da realização dos Congressos Internos (de 1988 a 1996). Para alcance do objetivo, foram analisados, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, os aspectos que abrem espaço para um processo de gestão democrática. Na realização do trabalho foram selecionadas como categorias analíticas: poder decisório, autonomia e controle social. Baseamo-nos, ainda, no método que privilegiou a descrição utilizando, porém, a dedução apoiada na análise qualitativa e quantitativa. A análise dos dados possibilitou concluir que os procedimentos participativos como o processo eletivo de escolha do presidente e dos diretores das Unidades da FIOCRUZ, a constituição dos órgãos colegiados de decisão e a realização dos Congressos Internos abriram espaços para a democratização da gestão, representando a materialização da vontade e do desejo de certos atores, e garantiram a unidade de ação em uma instituição pouco integrada. Algumas questões são ponto de partida para pesquisas futuras: como esse modelo participativo é implantado em cada Unidade da FIOCRUZ? Esse modelo corresponde ao desejo efetivo dos servidores? Em que medida o processo participativo de gestão contribuiu para o ganho de eficiência administrativa?

As novas doutrinas de Administração Pública e os seus reflexos nos controles e na auditoria de desempenho dos programas governamentais

The developed democracies only have results or crystallise, when the exercise of the government policies has two dimensions: the first one, is the dimension of the government decisions making: in which, the governor accomplishes the priorities and orientations submitted to the population by electoral decisions. Then the second dimension, is the functionality of the State: capable to transform policies into convergent actions for accomplishment of the negotiated results. The consolidation of the democracy and the consequent increase of the social demand by decisions and public and government lawsuits, able to generate results that attend collectively the different levels of the society and able to aggregate and articulate additional values to their interests, imposes to the public sector administration, great challenges of public policies. Nowadays, the indispensable condition to guarantee a minimum governmental benchmark, it to overcome these challenges, in the plan of the public administration, demanded for the promotion of the economic development, in the democratic scope, to reach the politician-institutional values of the society. However, It is undeniable, the universality of the challenges of public administration that consequently, are the effects of modern administrative systems. To attempt the best result, the mast satisfy the attributes of speed, flexibility, integration and innovation, amongst others. The diffusion of guided doctrines of public management by results is reflecting in the institutionalization of new types of bureaucratic activities and amongst this context, it is distinguished as a basic importance of what we call Performance Audit. This work intends to describe how the control organs and especially the Accounts Court of the Union, the sensitive demands of the society, and attending to new constitutional order, they are structuring itself to face the new organizational and institutional challenges, in consequence of the gradual redefinition of your task, more and more liable uncertainties, current of the intimate nature of the performance audit, in development, face the traditional audit, which characterizes them in general. Therefore, the main goal of this these, is the analysis of the organizational challenges and consequently ,the lawsuits changes of the organizational structures faced in general by the Brazilian¿s Accounts Courts, which we believe, will help to elaborate paths of propulsive evaluating and restrictive elements to the innovations that are intended to introduce the systems of necessary control in the evaluation of government programs.

Programa compartilhar/cheque cidadão: o difícil equacionamento entre carências e direitos

o presente estudo buscou verificar se o programa de garantia de renda mínima instituído no estado do Rio de Janeiro - Programa Compartilhar/Cheque Cidadão - se constitui como um programa social alicerçado na ótica dos direitos de cidadania ou, configura-se, conforme amplas denúncias, como uma política assistencialista e clientelista. Para tanto, efetuamos um estudo de campo eminentemente qualitativo que tencionou capturar a riqueza dos depoimentos prestados por beneficiários do Programa, bem como representantes de instituições religiosas de diferentes credos. Partimos do pressuposto que a pobreza é uma situação antagônica ao direito como conceito e como categoria. Deste ponto de vista, consideramos que o conceito de exclusão social - que, em última análise, configura-se como a principal justificativa para a implantação de programas com este perfil no Brasil - hoje se confronta diretamente com a concepção de universalidade e, com ela, a dos direitos sociais e de cidadania. Os resultados encontrados favorecem uma visão do Programa na qual a lógica da ajuda e da benemerência se sobrepõe à percepção dos direitos e os beneficiários se vêem como carentes e necessitados, não como cidadãos.

A democratização da política pública e o fortalecimento da cidadania. Conhecendo o projeto Casa Brasil : unidades Vitória e Vila Velha

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the Casa Brasil Project and its contribution for promoting actions related to citizenship in Vitoria and Vila Velha cities. The essay was led through a theoretical discussion about citizenship, public space, social participation and public politics. Thereafter thematic interviews based on a non-probabilistic method were done with seventeen people such as public power representatives, organized civilian society and community. The speech analysis was used for data treatment. Some negative and positive aspects referred to citizenship and public power were identified. The aim of the research was checking if there is any encouragement to a genuine and consciousness participation of the society for the structure and continuous citizenship practice. The Casa Brasil Project experience in Vitoria and Vila Velha demonstrates that its sustainability and effectiveness depend on how interacted and committed the strategic stakeholders are, since the condition of local institutions influences the model of social mobilization and individual participation. Besides, this essay shows it is necessary: to improve the citizen involvement ¿ by implementing the board of directors, which assures public participation in order to stimulate the community to take the unity control ¿ to grant democratic feature to the public power, and to increase citizenship.

A PPCCIPS: a Política Pública da Coleta Complementar Itinerante e Programada de Sangue, sob a luz da teoria do ciclo da política pública

This study aimed to focus on aspects of public administration concerning the implementation of the public policy of complementary blood collection by the itinerant and scheduled PPCCIPS services either trough off local unity or mobile unit blood collection operations, which are managed by the State Institute of Hematology Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti - HEMORIO. The case study method was used in that public health institutional field, in search for a better understanding of responsibilities and management related to collection, serology, fractionation, storage and distribution of blood supply to almost all public hospitals and clinics, summed up to agreements with the single health system of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Bibliographic references, documentary and field data obtained through interviews and systematic observation in the public servants of HEMORIO workplaces, were treated by the analysis of the content method and the results of this research revealed the complexity of those services, and needs in outstanding aspects of infrastructure, equipment, logistics and personnel, which are critical for the achievement of the increased public collection of blood in the Rio de Janeiro State, endorsing the suggestions for the implementation of PPCCIPS in HEMORIO. The main point found in this research results concern the immanent ethical commitment of that public service personnel, including staff members and low ranking members as well, perceived due to a brief philosophical overlook on that personnel¿s attitudes. An important strategic aspect was revealed by the need for excellence of midia communications and education programs to implement the community involvement in the whole process. Final reflections point out that personnel posture is considered vital for the quality of the expected care of the technical activities and also for the quality of its final products release to the local public, fluminense, which is the irreplaceable human blood, and their derivatives. Despite the author¿s effort in this dissertation there is much more to be studied on that crucial theme.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas em processos e produtos e aprendizagem tenológica: o caso da ELETROLUX do Brasil S/A - Unidade de Guabirotuba - Curitiba/PR

This dissertation is concerned with the implications of the learning process on the technological capabilities accumulation. This relationship was examined at the Electrolux do Brasil S/A ¿ Guabirotuba Unity ¿ in Curitiba/PR, over the period of 1980 to 2000. The Brazilian factory products White Goods destined to the Brazilian market as well as to exportation. The Swedish group Electrolux, to which the Brazilian factory belongs to, produces and sell goods to more then 150 countries. Regardless their importance, studies on the accumulation of technological capabilities and the underlying learning process are still scarce in Brazil, especially those focusing on the eletrodomestics products, and more specifically on the refrigerators and freezers industry. Based on a case study in the Electrolux do Brasil S/A, from 1980 to 2000, this investigation examined the influence of the learning process in the paths of the technological capabilities accumulation in the firm. The learning processes were analyzed in the light of the analytical framework proposed by Figueiredo (2001). This framework consists in four key features: variety, intensity, functioning and interaction. The technological capabilities accumulation were studied considering two technological functions: Process and Production Organization Activities and Products Activities. The evidences to classify and describe the paths of technological capabilities accumulation as well as to analyse the learning were mainly qualitative. This investigation joins other previous studies, in which there was noticed that the learning process have great involvement on technical changes, playing a relevant role on the technological capabilities of a company. Based on the investigation done and on the practical utilization of the analytical structure proposed by Figueiredo (2001), we infer that the way and the speed of technological capabilities accumulation are related to how the various learning processes were used by the company. One implied that, in levels from one to six, the studied company cumulated capabilities to level (5). Regarding technological competence, it approached industrialized countries firms, which present level (6), advanced.

Ensaios sobre o fator estocástico de descontos

Este trabalho propõe maneiras alternativas para a estimação consistente de uma medida abstrata, crucial para o estudo de decisões intertemporais, o qual é central a grande parte dos estudos em macroeconomia e finanças: o Fator Estocástico de Descontos (SDF, sigla em Inglês). Pelo emprego da Equação de Apreçamento constrói-se um inédito estimador consistente do SDF que depende do fato de que seu logaritmo é comum a todos os ativos de uma economia. O estimador resultante é muito simples de se calcular, não depende de fortes hipóteses econômicas, é adequado ao teste de diversas especificações de preferência e para a investigação de paradoxos de substituição intertemporal, e pode ser usado como base para a construção de um estimador para a taxa livre de risco. Alternativas para a estratégia de identificação são aplicadas e um paralelo entre elas e estratégias de outras metodologias é traçado. Adicionando estrutura ao ambiente inicial, são apresentadas duas situações onde a distribuição assintótica pode ser derivada. Finalmente, as metodologias propostas são aplicadas a conjuntos de dados dos EUA e do Brasil. Especificações de preferência usualmente empregadas na literatura, bem como uma classe de preferências dependentes do estado, são testadas. Os resultados são particularmente interessantes para a economia americana. A aplicação de teste formais não rejeita especificações de preferências comuns na literatura e estimativas para o coeficiente relativo de aversão ao risco se encontram entre 1 e 2, e são estatisticamente indistinguíveis de 1. Adicionalmente, para a classe de preferência s dependentes do estado, trajetórias altamente dinâmicas são estimadas para a tal coeficiente, as trajetórias são confinadas ao intervalo [1,15, 2,05] e se rejeita a hipótese de uma trajetória constante.

Prevalência da asma brônquica e seus fatores de risco na população adulta de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 2001

A asma brônquica é uma doença crônica inflamatória das vias aéreas que vem despertando preocupação crescente, em função do aumento na sua incidência e mortalidade observados nos últimos anos. Com o objetivo principal de avaliar a sua prevalência e seus fatores de risco, conduziu-se um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional, delineamento transversal, em uma amostra representativa de adultos de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na zona urbana de Pelotas, RS. Foram entrevistadas 1.968 pessoas. Desse total, 446 pessoas foram aleatoriamente selecionadas para realizarem espirometria e, quando esta mostrava-se normal, teste de broncoprovocação com metacolina. Ainda foram realizados testes para atopia. Houve 9,6% de recusas para as entrevistas e 20,2% de perdas para os exames complementares. Mais de metade da amostra era constituída por pessoas com idade inferior a 50 anos, sendo 57% do sexo feminino e a maioria da raça branca. A renda familiar, na maioria da amostra, era de até três salários mínimos. A prevalência de “sintomas atuais de asma” foi de 6,0%. Observou-se variação na prevalência de asma com a utilização de diferentes critérios diagnósticos: asma cumulativa: 14,3%; diagnóstico médico de asma: 12,9%; asma atual: 4,7%; e sintomas atuais ou reversibilidade (obstrução com resposta ao broncodilatador ou broncoprovocação positiva): 9,3%. Gravidade da asma foi avaliada conforme história de hospitalização por asma, mais de seis visitas ao pronto-socorro por ano e internação em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Cerca de 30% dos asmáticos preencheram algum critério de gravidade para asma. Apenas 20% dos pacientes com asma haviam consultado no último ano pela doença e somente 30% utilizava alguma medicação antiasmática. Em relação aos fatores de risco, na análise bruta, as variáveis associadas à prevalência de “sintomas atuais de asma” foram: sexo feminino, faixa etária dos 60 aos 69 anos, cor da pele não branca, baixas escolaridade e renda familiar, história familiar de asma e atopia, história pessoal de atopia, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal baixo e a presença de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores. Na análise multivariada, construiu-se um modelo teórico-hierarquizado cujas variáveis de um determinado nível foram controladas pelas variáveis de níveis precedentes e do mesmo nível. Permaneceram relacionados à presença de “sintomas atuais de asma” os seguintes fatores de risco, em ordem decrescente de razão de prevalência: história paterna e materna de asma (RP=5,4), presença de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores (RP=2,8); idade de 60 a 69 anos (RP=2,1); renda familiar inferior a 1,01 SM (RP=2,1); história pessoal de atopia (RP=1,9); e sexo feminino (RP=1,4). Os resultados do presente estudo salientam a variação na prevalência de asma com a utilização de diferentes critérios diagnósticos, e confirmam a importância dos fatores genéticos, sociais e relacionados ao estilo de vida na ocorrência da doença.

Avanços e dilemas da experiência regional brasileira: o caso da Agência de Desenvolvimento do Grande ABC

Retrata, em sua formação e trajetória, a história da Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico do Grande ABC, instituição de gestão regional que congrega as sete prefeituras da região e instituições da sociedade civil: empresariais, sindicais e universitárias. As questões que conduzem a discussão são os impactos da variável federativa e a ausência de políticas de solução de problemas comuns das várias unidades de governo de uma região metropolitana, que desestimulam a cooperação entre os entes federativos nessas regiões. O ponto central de análise é que, a despeito desses obstáculos, foi desenvolvida uma experiência, singular no Brasil, de cooperação inter e intragovernamental com adesão da sociedade local, que, no entanto, apresenta limitações. É explicitado o processo de construção do diálogo e união de diferentes atores, com suas instituições, conflitos e seu impacto no desenvolvimento da Agência.

Análise do mecanismo de transmissão dos preços internacionais de commodities agrícolas sobre o comportamento da taxa de câmbio real no Brasil

This paper examined the transmission mechanism of international prices of agricultural commodities into the real exchange rate in Brazil for the period from January 2000 to February 2010. We used time series models (ARIMA Model, Transfer Model, Intervention Analysis, Johansen Cointegration Test) in determination of the short and long run elasticities. Transfer Function Model results show that changes in international prices of agricultural commodities are transmitted to the real exchange rate in Brazil in the short run, however, that transmission is less than unity, thus configuring the inelastic relationship. Johansen cointegration tests show that these variables are not co-integrated, no longer converge to the long-run equilibrium. These results are in agreement Cashim et al. (2004), which also found no long run relationship between real exchange rate and commodity prices in the case of Brazil. These results show that monetary shocks have greater weight on changes of the real exchange rate than real shocks.

The private memory of aggregate shocks

We study constrained efficient aggregate risk sharing and its consequence for the behavior of macro-aggregates in a dynamic Mirrlees’s (1971) setting. Privately observed idiosyncratic productivity shocks are assumed to be independent of i.i.d. publicly observed aggregate shocks. Yet, private allocations display memory with respect to past aggregate shocks, when idosyncratic shocks are also i.i.d.. Under a mild restriction on the nature of optimal allocations the result extends to more persistent idiosyncratic shocks, for all but the limit at which idiosyncratic risk disappears, and the model collapses to a pure heterogeneity repeated Mirrlees economy identical to Werning [2007]. When preferences are iso-elastic we show that an allocation is memoryless only if it displays a strong form of separability with respect to aggregate shocks. Separability characterizes the pure heterogeneity limit as well as the general case with log preferences. With less than full persistence and risk aversion different from unity both memory and non-separability characterize optimal allocations. Exploiting the fact that non-separability is associated with state-varying labor wedges, we apply a business cycle accounting procedure (e.g. Chari et al. [2007]) to the aggregate data generated by the model. We show that, whenever risk aversion is great than one our model produces efficient counter-cyclical labor wedges.