Dispositional Forgiveness and Health in Romantic Relationships: An Exploration of Sex Differences, Actor Effects, and Partner Effects

The individual and dyadic associations between dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations and mental and physical health in individuals involved in romantic relationships were examined. Sex differences in the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and health were examined. Sex differences in the dyadic relationship between forgiveness and health were also examined. The dispositional forgiveness scores of 297 partners involved in a romantic relationship were used to predict their own as well as their partners' physical and mental health. Both members of the relationship separately completed an Internet-based questionnaire assessing personality traits, relationship variables, and physical and mental health. The couple was provided with monetary compensation. Analyses revealed that women's dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations were positively associated with their own physical and mental health. Similarly, men's dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations were positively associated with their own mental and physical health. At the individual level, there were no sex differences in the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and health, nor were there sex differences in men and women's reports of dispositional forgiveness. Analyses revealed that men's forgiveness of others and situations were positively associated with their female partners' mental health. There were no partner effects for women or for physical health. The implications of these results for research in the forgiveness-health literature and research on forgiveness in romantic relationships were discussed as were directions for future research.

Bullying in the Same-Sex Friendships of Young Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative, narrative study explored the bullying experiences of young adolescent girls within their same-sex dyadic and group friendships. The participants were 5 female students, ages 11 and 12 years old, from 1 private, religious school in southern Ontario. Each girl participated in an audiotaped, 30-minute, personal interview based on an unstructured interview protocol. Interview transcripts were analyzed for bullying behaviors using Marini and Dane's (2008) subtypes of bullying, including the form, function, and involvement in bullying. Interview transcripts were also analyzed for common and emerging themes using aspects of L. M., Brown and Gilligan's (1992) "Listener's Guide." The findings of this study suggested that within their same-sex friendships girls assume the roles of all participants in bullying, including bullies, victims, bystanders, and bully-victims. The findings also suggested that bullying behaviors within young adolescent girls' same-sex friendships are mainly indirect in their mode of attack and that they are both proactive and reactive. The bully behaviors identified in this study were used to inform the major themes or salient features within the dynamics of girls' same-sex friendships also identified. These themes included acceptance, intimacy, negotiation, inclusion/exclusion, moral character judgements, and power. The findings of this study will be used to inform current theory, personal and professional practice, as well as future research.

Early Development of Auditory-Verbal and Visual-Spatial Short-Term Memory: Age and Sex Effects

Memory is a multi-component cognitive ability to retain and retrieve information presented in different modalities. Research on memory development has shown that the memory capacity and the processes improve gradually from early childhood to adolescence. Findings related to the sex-differences in memory abilities in early childhood have been inconsistent. Although previous research has demonstrated the effects of the modality of stimulus presentation (auditory versus verbal) and the type of material to be remembered (visual/spatial versus auditory/verbal) on the memory processes and memory organization, the recent research with children is rather limited. The present study is a secondary analysis of data, originally collected from 530 typically developing Turkish children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the age-related developments and sex differences in auditory-verbal and visual-spatial short-term memory (STM) in 177 typically developing male and female children, 5 to 8 years of age. Dot-Locations and Word-Lists from the Children's Memory Scale were used to measure visual-spatial and auditory-verbal STM performances, respectively. The findings of the present study suggest age-related differences in both visual-spatial and auditory-verbal STM. Sex-differences were observed only in one visual-spatial STM subtest performance. Modality comparisons revealed age- and task-related differences between auditory-verbal and visual-spatial STM performances. There were no sex-related effects in terms of modality specific performances. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence of STM development in early childhood, and these effects were mostly independent of sex and the modality of the task.

Social Organization on the Web: How Sex workers Rights Organizations Engage in Activism and Advocacy Work Online

The purpose of this study was to examine how sex workers rights organizations use their websites as a site of activist and advocacy work and ask (i) how do various organizations conceptualize sex work on their websites, and to what extent do they incorporate an intersectional feminist perspective? (ii) what communication strategies are used by the four organizations to target audiences in the viewing public? (iii) what audiences do the four websites target? (iv) how do the four organizations discuss successes and challenges on their websites? (v) in what ways do sex worker right organizations use websites to further their goals? The websites of Maggie’s, POWER, and Stella attempt to embrace an intersectional feminist perspective of sex work, while PACE does not. The four organizations strategically use their websites to target audiences with diverse needs, specifically through advocacy efforts in educating the general public about the legitimacy of sexual labour. Additionally, to increase the use of the websites by sex workers, using social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter augment the untapped potential for creating action, mobilization, interaction, and dialogue on the websites.

The Influence of Sex on the Relationship Between Arterial Mechanical Properties and Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity

Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cvBRS) demonstrates a strong relationship with arterial mechanical properties. Both cvBRS and arterial mechanics differ by sex such that males demonstrate greater cvBRS, yet lower large artery elasticity than females. Whether the relationship between cvBRS and arterial mechanics is similar in males and females remains unexamined. As a result, it is unclear whether arterial mechanics contribute to sex differences in cvBRS. This study investigated the cross-sectional relationship between cvBRS and arterial mechanical properties of the common carotid, carotid sinus and aortic arch (AA) in 36 (18 females) young, healthy normotensives. The cvBRS-arterial mechanics relationship did not reach statistical significance and did not differ by sex. Both cvBRS and AA distensibility were greater in females than males. Sex differences in cvBRS were eliminated after controlling for AA distensibility. These findings suggest that in this sample, AA elasticity may contribute to the greater cvBRS in females than males.

De arte voluntatis, libri sex : in quibus platonicae, stoicae, & Christianae discipliné medulla digeritur, succo omni politioris philosophiae expresso ex Platone, Seneca, Epicteto, Dione, Chrysostome, Plotino, Iamblicho, & aliis. Quorum sensa subtiliora artificiosius ordinantur; nonnulla emendantur; plurima adducuntur noué, & arguté. Accedit ad calcem Historia panegyrica de tribis martyribus eiusdem Societatis, in Vrugai pro fide occisis

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De promvlgando evangelio apvd barbaros : sive De procvranda Indorumsalute, libri sex

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Histoire des Papes : crimes meurtres, empoisonnements, parricides,adulteres, incestes des pontifes Romains, depuis. Saint Pierre Jusquianos Jours, mysteres D'iniquites de la cour de Rome...

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Opera omnia : sex tomis in quintuplici volumine comprehensa posthorstium denuo recognita, aucta et in meliorem digesta ordinem, necnon novis praefationibus admonitionibus, notis et observationibus indicibusque copiosissimis locupleta la

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La divulgation des dossiers personnels des plaignants dans des poursuites judiciaires pour crimes sexuels

Texte préparé pour les Journées de droit criminel de la Cour du Québec avec mise à jour.

From Sisyphus’s Dilemma to Sisyphus’s Duty? A Meditation on the Regulation of Hate Propaganda in Relation to Hate Crimes and Genocide

Un résumé en français est également disponible.

Quand les crimes des sous-fifres engagent la responsabilité de leur chef: la doctrine de la responsabilité du supérieur hiérarchique en droit pénal international

Reprinted by permission of Thomson Carswell, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Un résumé en anglais est également disponible.

Iacobi Menochii, iuriscons. Papiensis, regii ducalisque senatoris, ac redituum extraordinariorum Regiae Maiestatis Catholicae, praesidis Mediolanensis, diuini atque humani iuris scientia peritissimi, De praesumptionibus, coniecturis, signis, & indicijs, commentaria: in sex distincta libros; et recens in lucem edita...

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Following Same-Sex Marriage : Redefining Marriage and the Impact for Polygamy

Dossier : Should Polygamy be Recognized in Canada ? Ethical and Legal Considerations

Les crimes de cruauté contre les animaux: examen des propositions du législateur

Suite à une consultation publique, la ministre de la Justice Anne McLellan a voulu répondre aux groupes et aux citoyens en intégrant, dans le projet de loi omnibus C-17, des amendements visant le droit criminel quant à la cruauté envers les animaux. Le projet de loi étant devenu caduc aux dernières élections fédérales, ces nouvelles dispositions étaient reprises par le projet de loi C-15 qui a lui-même été prorogé à la fin de la première session de la 37 législature. Les modifications qu'il proposait sont intégralement reprises par le projet de loi C-IO, déposé en octobre 2002. Les membres du Sénat renvoyaient récemment ce dernier devant le Comité permanent des affaires juridiques et constitutionnelles, chargé de le scinder en deux afin qu'un nouveau projet de loi, le ClOB, soit bientôt déposé et porte exclusivement sur la cruauté envers les animaux. Devant l'imminence de telles modifications, il est intéressant de se questionner autant sur leur contexte que sur leur portée. Dans une première partie, nous présentons quelques éléments du contexte philosophique et sociétal justifiant l'intérêt grandissant pour la question animale. L'émergence de nouvelles théories morales accordant plus de valeur à l'animal, les critiques et revendications des groupes de pression et des citoyens en général, ainsi que les récentes études démontrant un lien entre la cruauté envers les animaux et la violence dirigée contre l'homme, exigent une remise en question des rapports homme/animal. Une révision de ces différents facteurs contextuels permet de mieux comprendre à quoi répondent ces projets de loi. Dans une deuxième partie, nous relevons plusieurs incohérences du droit actuel afin d'identifier ce qui devrait être modifié par le législateur. Les incohérences sont à plusieurs niveaux: cohabitation de lois visant à protéger l'animal défini comme un être sensible et de lois portant sur la gestion des animaux considérés comme de simples ressources utiles à l'homme; intégration d'infractions visant à protéger l'animal dans la section du Code criminel portant sur les biens; gravité relativement importante des crimes contre les animaux par comparaison à certaines infractions contre la personne; problèmes 11 liés au libellé des infractions particulières et distinctions quant au degré de protection des animaux en fonction de leur intérêt pour 1'homme. Ensuite, le droit proposé sera examiné pour vérifier s'il règlera ces problèmes. Retirées de la partie concernant les biens, les infractions porteront davantage sur la sensibilité de l'animal plutôt que vers son utilité pour l'homme. Au niveau des régimes de responsabilité, l'ambiguïté constitutionnelle entraînée par la présomption du paragraphe 446(3) C.cr. sera évacuée. Quant aux peines, le durcissement prévu risque de rendre les infractions démesurément sévères par comparaison à certains crimes contre la personne. Bien qu'actualisées, les infractions seront toujours nombreuses et anecdotiques. Finalement, les changements de nature strictement juridique sont surtout cosmétiques, alors que la valeur symbolique des projets de loi est, quant à elle, plus significative. En effet, si quelques considérations anthropocentriques sont à l'origine des projets de loi, une reconnaissance de la valeur intrinsèque de l'animal semble aussi les avoir inspirés. Malheureusement, le paradigme de l'animal proposé, encore plus que celui qui est actuellement reconnu, se concilie difficilement avec l'utilisation des animaux pour les fins égocentriques de l'homme