Abigeato y administración de justicia en la campaña bonaerense durante la segunda mitad siglo XIX

La práctica del abigeato así como otros usos que atentaban contra la propiedad semoviente fue condenada de manera cada vez más vehemente a lo largo del siglo XIX. Este rechazo se plasmó en la legislación, que de manera continua, elaboraron las autoridades procurando limitarlas. El estudio de un conjunto de procesos criminales y sumarios permite indagar en las prácticas vigentes en torno al ganado así como la visión de los magistrados. Dichos usos no fueron una prerrogativa exclusiva de los sujetos señalados como "vagos y malentretenidos". El espectro social que se sirvió de la apropiación ilegal de animales era muy amplio e incluyó a personas con apellidos que remitían a las familias más poderosas de la campaña. Por otro lado, el abigeato así como otros delitos asociados a éste muestran las dificultades en torno a la implantación de un determinado orden social en la campaña bonaerense, donde el respeto a la propiedad privada era uno de sus pilares fundamentales.

Situación del mercado laboral de dos localidades de la provincia de San Luis en la zona de influencia de la agriculturización

El fenómeno de agriculturización que ha tenido lugar en nuestro país durante los últimos años no ha impactado solamente en la región de la República Argentina tradicionalmente agrícola. También lo ha hecho, aunque de una manera diferente, en la Provincia de San Luis. En esta provincia, dicho fenómeno convive con otras particularidades, como es la radicación industrial promocionada, que marcó profundamente el aparato productivo provincial o, más recientemente, una política pública de amplio espectro como el Plan de Inclusión Social, que modificó drásticamente los indicadores del mercado laboral sanluiseño. Este trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar la situación laboral de dos localidades de la Provincia de San Luis emplazadas en zonas de importante producción agrícola, considerando la influencia de las políticas públicas locales y del sector industrial que aún mantiene una importante cuota del Producto Bruto Geográfico. Para esto se realiza un análisis comparativo entre ellas y con la situación provincial, caracterizada por el Aglomerado San Luis y El Chorrillo, que releva la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares del indec. La información utilizada proviene de datos secundarios procedentes de organismos nacionales y de relevamientos propios realizados en las localidades estudiadas

Abigeato y administración de justicia en la campaña bonaerense durante la segunda mitad siglo XIX

La práctica del abigeato así como otros usos que atentaban contra la propiedad semoviente fue condenada de manera cada vez más vehemente a lo largo del siglo XIX. Este rechazo se plasmó en la legislación, que de manera continua, elaboraron las autoridades procurando limitarlas. El estudio de un conjunto de procesos criminales y sumarios permite indagar en las prácticas vigentes en torno al ganado así como la visión de los magistrados. Dichos usos no fueron una prerrogativa exclusiva de los sujetos señalados como "vagos y malentretenidos". El espectro social que se sirvió de la apropiación ilegal de animales era muy amplio e incluyó a personas con apellidos que remitían a las familias más poderosas de la campaña. Por otro lado, el abigeato así como otros delitos asociados a éste muestran las dificultades en torno a la implantación de un determinado orden social en la campaña bonaerense, donde el respeto a la propiedad privada era uno de sus pilares fundamentales.

Population genetic and dispersal modeling data for Bathymodiolus mussels from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

The zip folder comprises a text file and a gzipped tar archive. 1) The text file contains individual genotype data for 90 SNPs, 9 microsatellites and the mitochondrial ND4 gene that were determined in deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (genus Bathymodiolus). Mussel specimens are grouped according to the population (pop)/location from which they have been sampled (first column). The remaining columns contain the respective allele/haplotype codes for the different genetic loci (names in the header line). The data file is in CONVERT format and can be directly transformed into different input files for population genetic statistics. 2) The tar archive contains NetCDF files with larval dispersal probabilities for simulated annual larval releases between 1998 and 2007. For each simulated vent location (Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, Rainbow, Vent 1-10) two NetCDF files are given, one for an assumed pelagic larval duration of 1 year and the other one for an assumed pelagic larval duration of 6 months (6m).

Evaluation of a PET Prototype Using LYSO:Ce Monolithic Detector Block

We have analyzed the performance of a PET demonstrator formed by two sectors of four monolithic detector blocks placed face-to-face. Both front-end and read-out electronics have been evaluated by means of coincidence measurements using a rotating 22Na source placed at the center of the sectors in order to emulate the behavior of a complete full ring. A continuous training method based on neural network (NN) algorithms has been carried out to determine the entrance points over the surface of the detectors. Reconstructed images from 1 MBq 22Na point source and 22Na Derenzo phantom have been obtained using both filtered back projection (FBP) analytic methods and the OSEM 3D iterative algorithm available in the STIR software package [1]. Preliminary data on image reconstruction from a 22Na point source with Ø = 0.25 mm show spatial resolutions from 1.7 to 2.1 mm FWHM in the transverse plane. The results confirm the viability of this design for the development of a full-ring brain PET scanner compatible with magnetic resonance imaging for human studies.

Monte-Carlo dosimetry on a realistic cell monolayer geometry exposed to alpha particles

The energy and specific energy absorbed in the main cell compartments (nucleus and cytoplasm) in typical radiobiology experiments are usually estimated by calculations as they are not accessible for a direct measurement. In most of the work, the cell geometry is modelled using the combination of simple mathematical volumes. We propose a method based on high resolution confocal imaging and ion beam analysis (IBA) in order to import realistic cell nuclei geometries in Monte-Carlo simulations and thus take into account the variety of different geometries encountered in a typical cell population. Seventy-six cell nuclei have been imaged using confocal microscopy and their chemical composition has been measured using IBA. A cellular phantom was created from these data using the ImageJ image analysis software and imported in the Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation toolkit. Total energy and specific energy distributions in the 76 cell nuclei have been calculated for two types of irradiation protocols: a 3 MeV alpha particle microbeam used for targeted irradiation and a 239Pu alpha source used for large angle random irradiation. Qualitative images of the energy deposited along the particle tracks have been produced and show good agreement with images of DNA double strand break signalling proteins obtained experimentally. The methodology presented in this paper provides microdosimetric quantities calculated from realistic cellular volumes. It is based on open-source oriented software that is publicly available.

Simulation-based evaluation of susceptibility distortion correction methods in diffusion MRI for connectivity analysis

Connectivity analysis on diffusion MRI data of the whole-brain suffers from distortions caused by the standard echo-planar imaging acquisition strategies. These images show characteristic geometrical deformations and signal destruction that are an important drawback limiting the success of tractography algorithms. Several retrospective correction techniques are readily available. In this work, we use a digital phantom designed for the evaluation of connectivity pipelines. We subject the phantom to a “theoretically correct” and plausible deformation that resembles the artifact under investigation. We correct data back, with three standard methodologies (namely fieldmap-based, reversed encoding-based, and registration- based). Finally, we rank the methods based on their geometrical accuracy, the dropout compensation, and their impact on the resulting connectivity matrices.

Comparison of different MIMO antenna arrays and user's effect on their performances

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have entailed a great enhancement in wireless communications performances. The use of multiple antennas at each side of the radio link has been included in recent drafts and standards such as WLAN, WIMAX, or DVB-T2. The MIMO performances depend on the antenna array characteristics and thus several aspects have to be taken into account to design MIMO antennas. In the literature, many articles can be found in terms of capacity or antenna design, but in this article, different types of antenna arrays for MIMO systems are measured in a reverberation chamber with and without a phantom as a user's head. As a result, the MIMO performances are degraded by the user in terms of efficiency, diversity gain, and capacity. Omnidirectional antennas such as monopoles with high radiation efficiency offer the highest performance for a rich scattering nonline of sight indoor environment.

A new PET prototype for proton therapy: comparison of data and Monte Carlo simulations

Ion beam therapy is a valuable method for the treatment of deep-seated and radio-resistant tumors thanks to the favorable depth-dose distribution characterized by the Bragg peak. Hadrontherapy facilities take advantage of the specific ion range, resulting in a highly conformal dose in the target volume, while the dose in critical organs is reduced as compared to photon therapy. The necessity to monitor the delivery precision, i.e. the ion range, is unquestionable, thus different approaches have been investigated, such as the detection of prompt photons or annihilation photons of positron emitter nuclei created during the therapeutic treatment. Based on the measurement of the induced β+ activity, our group has developed various in-beam PET prototypes: the one under test is composed by two planar detector heads, each one consisting of four modules with a total active area of 10 × 10 cm2. A single detector module is made of a LYSO crystal matrix coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier and is read-out by dedicated frontend electronics. A preliminary data taking was performed at the Italian National Centre for Oncological Hadron Therapy (CNAO, Pavia), using proton beams in the energy range of 93–112 MeV impinging on a plastic phantom. The measured activity profiles are presented and compared with the simulated ones based on the Monte Carlo FLUKA package.

OMNIWORKS: Omnidirectional vision for human-UAV co-working

The OMNIWORKS project objective is to develop an autonomous and modular aerial inspection system for an off-shore meteorological mast up to 90m in length. The UAV was equipped with an omni-directional camera and vertical take-off/landing capabilities that should be simple enough to operate as to not need the interventions of a professional pilot under challenging situations. Therefore the tests included different aspects used to evaluate both the technical performance of the UAV behavior as well as the operators? point of view.

Spatial sampling methods for improved communication for wireless relay robots

Having reliable wireless communication in a network of mobile robots is an ongoing challenge, especially when the mobile robots are given tasks in hostile or harmful environments such as radiation environments in scientific facilities, tunnels with large metallic components and complicated geometries as found at CERN. In this paper, we propose a decentralised method for improving the wireless network throughput by optimizing the wireless relay robot position to receive the best wireless signal strength using implicit spatial diversity concepts and gradient-search algorithms. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions with a KUKA Youbot omni-directional mobile robot. The performance of the algorithms is compared under various scenarios in an underground scientific facility at CERN.

Neutron spectra and dosimetric assessment around a neutron Howitzer container

The neutron Howitzer container at the Neutron Measurements Laboratory of the Nuclear Engineering Department of the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), is equipped with a 241Am-Be neutron source of 74 GBq in its center. The container allows the source to be in either the irradiation or the storage position. To measure the neutron fluence rate spectra around the Howitzer container, measurements were performed using a Bonner spheres spectrometer and the spectra were unfolded using the NSDann program. A calibrated neutron area monitor LB6411 was used to measure the ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10). Detailed Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the measured quantities at the same positions. The maximum relative deviation between simulations and measurements was 19.53%. After validation, the simulated model was used to calculate the equivalent dose rate in several key organs of a voxel phantom. The computed doses in the skin and lenses of the eyes are within the ICRP recommended dose limits, as is the H*(10) value for the storage position.

Image processing methods for human brain connectivity analysis from in-vivo diffusion MRI

The structural connectivity of the brain is considered to encode species-wise and subject-wise patterns that will unlock large areas of understanding of the human brain. Currently, diffusion MRI of the living brain enables to map the microstructure of tissue, allowing to track the pathways of fiber bundles connecting the cortical regions across the brain. These bundles are summarized in a network representation called connectome that is analyzed using graph theory. The extraction of the connectome from diffusion MRI requires a large processing flow including image enhancement, reconstruction, segmentation, registration, diffusion tracking, etc. Although a concerted effort has been devoted to the definition of standard pipelines for the connectome extraction, it is still crucial to define quality assessment protocols of these workflows. The definition of quality control protocols is hindered by the complexity of the pipelines under test and the absolute lack of gold-standards for diffusion MRI data. Here we characterize the impact on structural connectivity workflows of the geometrical deformation typically shown by diffusion MRI data due to the inhomogeneity of magnetic susceptibility across the imaged object. We propose an evaluation framework to compare the existing methodologies to correct for these artifacts including whole-brain realistic phantoms. Additionally, we design and implement an image segmentation and registration method to avoid performing the correction task and to enable processing in the native space of diffusion data. We release PySDCev, an evaluation framework for the quality control of connectivity pipelines, specialized in the study of susceptibility-derived distortions. In this context, we propose Diffantom, a whole-brain phantom that provides a solution to the lack of gold-standard data. The three correction methodologies under comparison performed reasonably, and it is difficult to determine which method is more advisable. We demonstrate that susceptibility-derived correction is necessary to increase the sensitivity of connectivity pipelines, at the cost of specificity. Finally, with the registration and segmentation tool called regseg we demonstrate how the problem of susceptibility-derived distortion can be overcome allowing data to be used in their original coordinates. This is crucial to increase the sensitivity of the whole pipeline without any loss in specificity.

Control con reflexión de fuerzas de un brazo robótico instalado en una base móvil para tareas de telemanipulación

La creación de un sistema teleoperado robótico es un gran reto y en esta memoria se ha querido dejar muestra de ello. La robótica es un campo de aplicación de la ingeniería multidisciplinar que requiere conocimientos mecánicos, de control, de electrónica, de programación...esto implica que cualquier proyecto que se desarrolle en este ámbito requerirá de un arduo trabajo por parte del ingeniero de que lo lleve a cabo. En cuanto al proyecto desarrollado, se han podido implementar varias técnicas de control remoto estudiadas durante el máster, aunque el resultado obtenido no ha podido ser más completo por problemas con el soporte técnico de la empresa proveedora del robot. La mejor opción para poder haber hecho un control fuerza posición que de verdad reflejase las fuerzas y pares experimentados en el entorno habría sido poder usar el sensor que Schunk le vendió al grupo. Sin embargo el sensor no funcionaba y el servicio técnico tras dos preguntas se desentendió del problema obligándonos a decantarnos por la opción de la estimación de fuerzas por medio de la matriz jacobiana. Otro inconveniente experimentado durante la estancia fue la rotura de uno de los encoders del cardán del Phantom, lo que nos producía errores en la lectura de los datos de orientación. Se sufrieron bastantes problemas por culpa de las lecturas erróneas con valores erráticos en los sensores de orientación del stylus. Pero a pesar de todos los inconvenientes encontrados se consiguió crear un sistema de teleoperación bastante competente que agradó en buena medida a los jefes de la sección por sus cualidades y sus perspectivas de futuro. En nuestra experimentación, el problema común de la operación remota, como es el retraso en las comunicaciones no lo experimentamos por la magnífica red de comunicaciones. Cierto es que no se pudieron llevar a cabo pruebas con el módulo 4G dentro del túnel cuando las latencias de respuesta eran especialmente altas. Aun así, en zonas de buena cobertura la latencia en las comunicaciones no suponía a priori un problema para el control del robot. Será obligación de los futuros desarrollos evaluar hasta el último detalle la problemática que el retraso en las comunicaciones en ciertas zonas del túnel puede acarrear en el sistema. El trabajo desarrollado para este proyecto es únicamente una avanzadilla de lo que puede ser implementado para los sistemas de teleoperación del CERN. Este trabajo fin de máster ha iniciado una hoja de ruta de diseños dentro del grupo EN-STI-ECE, mostrando de qué son capaces nuevas tecnologías como ROS y su ecosistema.

Mapping strain exerted on blood vessel walls using deuterium double-quantum-filtered MRI

A technique is described for displaying distinct tissue layers of large blood vessel walls as well as measuring their mechanical strain. The technique is based on deuterium double-quantum-filtered (DQF) spectroscopic imaging. The effectiveness of the double-quantum filtration in suppressing the signal of bulk water is demonstrated on a phantom consisting of rat tail tendon fibers. Only intrafibrillar water is displayed, excluding all other signals of water molecules that reorient isotropically. One- and two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging of bovine aorta and coronary arteries show the characteristic DQF spectrum of each of the tissue layers. This property is used to obtain separate images of the outer layer, the tunica adventitia, or the intermediate layer, the tunica media, or both. To visualize the effect of elongation, the average residual quadrupole splitting <Δνq> is calculated for each pixel. Two-dimensional deuterium quadrupolar splitting images are obtained for a fully relaxed and a 55% elongated sample of bovine coronary artery. These images indicate that the strong effect of strain is associated with water molecules in the tunica adventitia whereas the DQF NMR signal of water in the tunica media is apparently strain-insensitive. After appropriate calibration, these average quadrupolar splitting images can be interpreted as strain maps.