Report on Rest Area Water Systems for Interstate Highways, 1967

Introduction: As part of the roadside development along the Interstate Highway System, the Iowa State Highway Commission has constructed eight pair of rest area facilities. Furthermore, two pair are presently under construction with an additional two pair proposed for letting in 1967. An additional nine and one-half pairs of rest areas are in the planning phase, a grand total of 45 rest Brea buildings. The facilities existing were planned and designed in a relatively short period of time. The rest area facilities are unusual in terms of water use, water demand rates, and the fact that there are no applicable guidelines from previous installations. Such facilities are a pioneering effort to furnish a service -which the travelling public desires and will use. The acceptance and current use of the existing facilities shows that the rest areas do provide a service the public will use and appreciate. The Iowa State Highway Commission is to be congratulated for this· pioneering effort. However there are problems, as should be expected when design of a new type of facility has no past operating experience to use as a guide. Another factor which enters is that a rest area facility is quite different and rather unrelated to engineering in the highway field of practice. Basically, the problems encountered can be resolved into several areas, namely 1) maintenance problems in equipment due to 2) insufficient capacity of several other elements of the water systems, and 3) no provisions for water quality control. This study and report is supposed to essentially cover the review of the rest areas, either existing and under construction or letting. However, the approach used has been somewhat different. Several basic economically feasible water system schemes have been developed which are· adaptable to the different well capacities and different water qualities encountered. These basic designs are used as a guide in recommending modifications to the existing rest area water systems, anticipating that the basic designs will be used for future facilities. The magnitude of the problems involved is shown by the fact that the projected water use and demand variations of each rest area building is equivalent to the water supply for a community of about 100 people. The problems of proper operation and maintenance of an eventual thirty to forty-five such facilities are gigantic. For successful operation the rest area water systems must have a high degree of standardization and interchangeability of all elements of the water systems, even if it means a limited degree of over-design in some rest area facilities.

Neural networks complemented with genetic algorithms and fuzzy systems for predicting nitrogenous effluent variables in wastewater treatment plants

This work focuses on the prediction of the two main nitrogenous variables that describe the water quality at the effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant. We have developed two kind of Neural Networks architectures based on considering only one output or, in the other hand, the usual five effluent variables that define the water quality: suspended solids, biochemical organic matter, chemical organic matter, total nitrogen and total Kjedhal nitrogen. Two learning techniques based on a classical adaptative gradient and a Kalman filter have been implemented. In order to try to improve generalization and performance we have selected variables by means genetic algorithms and fuzzy systems. The training, testing and validation sets show that the final networks are able to learn enough well the simulated available data specially for the total nitrogen

Synchronization of symmetric chaotic systems

This paper contains a study of the synchronization by homogeneous nonlinear driving of systems that are symmetric in phase space. The main consequence of this symmetry is the ability of the response to synchronize in more than just one way to the driving systems. These different forms of synchronization are to be understood as generalized synchronization states in which the motions of drive and response are in complete correlation, but the phase space distance between them does not converge to zero. In this case the synchronization phenomenon becomes enriched because there is multistability. As a consequence, there appear multiple basins of attraction and special responses to external noise. It is shown, by means of a computer simulation of various nonlinear systems, that: (i) the decay to the generalized synchronization states is exponential, (ii) the basins of attraction are symmetric, usually complicated, frequently fractal, and robust under the changes in the parameters, and (iii) the effect of external noise is to weaken the synchronization, and in some cases to produce jumps between the various synchronization states available

Chaotic systems with a null conditional Lyapunov exponent under nonlinear driving.

Control of a chaotic system by homogeneous nonlinear driving, when a conditional Lyapunov exponent is zero, may give rise to special and interesting synchronizationlike behaviors in which the response evolves in perfect correlation with the drive. Among them, there are the amplification of the drive attractor and the shift of it to a different region of phase space. In this paper, these synchronizationlike behaviors are discussed, and demonstrated by computer simulation of the Lorentz model [E. N. Lorenz, J. Atmos. Sci. 20 130 (1963)] and the double scroll [T. Matsumoto, L. O. Chua, and M. Komuro, IEEE Trans. CAS CAS-32, 798 (1985)].

The establishment of communication systems depends on the scale of competition

How communication systems emerge and remain stable is an important question in both cognitive science and evolutionary biology. For communication to arise, not only must individuals cooperate by signaling reliable information, but they must also coordinate and perpetuate signals. Most studies on the emergence of communication in humans typically consider scenarios where individuals implicitly share the same interests. Likewise, most studies on human cooperation consider scenarios where shared conventions of signals and meanings cannot be developed de novo. Here, we combined both approaches with an economic experiment where participants could develop a common language, but under different conditions fostering or hindering cooperation. Participants endeavored to acquire a resource through a learning task in a computer-based environment. After this task, participants had the option to transmit a signal (a color) to a fellow group member, who would subsequently play the same learning task. We varied the way participants competed with each other (either global scale or local scale) and the cost of transmitting a signal (either costly or noncostly) and tracked the way in which signals were used as communication among players. Under global competition, players signaled more often and more consistently, scored higher individual payoffs, and established shared associations of signals and meanings. In addition, costly signals were also more likely to be used under global competition; whereas under local competition, fewer signals were sent and no effective communication system was developed. Our results demonstrate that communication involves both a coordination and a cooperative dilemma and show the importance of studying language evolution under different conditions influencing human cooperation.

Upgrading of thethird generation of the Remote Diagnostic Systems for ABB Marine Propulsion Systems

Remote diagnostics has become very popular in marine industry. Diagnostic systems are improved all the time and the newest monitoring systems are constantly taken into operation. Most vessels are, however, rigged up by outmoded facilities, which should be updated. In this work the principles of operating of such a remote diagnostic system as the ABB's third generation remote diagnostic system (RDS) and the newest Propulsion Condition Management System (PCMS) are studied. As a result of the thesis the ways of upgrading the old systems of RDS are presented. Specifically, the work focuses on the establishment of the connection between Advant controller AC-110 from the old system and PCMS server, and in other words how to get Modbus data by OPC server.

Relative Technical Efficiency of European Transportation Systems

Talouden kasvaessa myös tavarankuljetusmäärät kasvavat. Kuljetusjärjestelmät ja niiden sujuva toiminta on erittäin tärkeää taloudellisen kasvun kannalta tällä hetkellä, ja se tulee olemaan yhä tärkeämpää tulevaisuudessa. Tulevaisuudessa tarvitaan kokonaisvaltainen ja selkeästi tehokkaampi kuljetusjärjestelmä, mikäli tulevaisuuden kuljetusvirrat halutaan hoitaa kestävästi. Tässä opinnäytetyössäni tutkin kolmen eurooppalaisen kuljetusjärjestelmän (rautatiet, lentoliikenne ja konttiliikenne meritse) suhteellista teknistä tehokkuutta ja menetelmänä on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Vertailtaessa kuljetusjärjestelmiä löytyi suuria eroja kuljetusmuotojen välille. lentoyhtiöt suoriutuivat huomattavan tasaisesti eli tehokkaiden ja ei-tehokkaiden toimijoiden välillä ei ollut suuria eroja. Rautatiepuolella erot venyivät huomattavan suuriksi niin eri yritysten välillä kuin jopa saman yrityksen sisällä eri vuosina. Pikaisemmassa laivayhtiöiden tarkastelussa erot niiden välillä olivat lähes yhtä pieniä kuin lentoyhtiöiden välillä. Tarkasteltaessa omistajuuden vaikutusta lentoyhtiöiden toiminnassa huomattiin, että yksityisessä omistuksessa olevat yritykset olivat huomattavasti tehokkaampia matkustajien kuljettamisessa. Rahtipuolella merkittäviä eroja ei havaittu. Merkittävät korrelaatiot eri mallien välillä antoivat joitain viitteitä myös kuljetuspoliittiseen päätöksentekoon; investoinnit matkustajienkuljetuksiin raiteilla parantaisivat koko rautatiepuolen teokkuutta, mutta myös samalla lentopuolen matkustajakuljetuksen tehokkuutta.

ENFIN--A European network for integrative systems biology.

Integration of biological data of various types and the development of adapted bioinformatics tools represent critical objectives to enable research at the systems level. The European Network of Excellence ENFIN is engaged in developing an adapted infrastructure to connect databases, and platforms to enable both the generation of new bioinformatics tools and the experimental validation of computational predictions. With the aim of bridging the gap existing between standard wet laboratories and bioinformatics, the ENFIN Network runs integrative research projects to bring the latest computational techniques to bear directly on questions dedicated to systems biology in the wet laboratory environment. The Network maintains internally close collaboration between experimental and computational research, enabling a permanent cycling of experimental validation and improvement of computational prediction methods. The computational work includes the development of a database infrastructure (EnCORE), bioinformatics analysis methods and a novel platform for protein function analysis FuncNet.

Mass transfer and particleinteractions in granular systems and suspension flows

The purpose of this study was to investigate some important features of granular flows and suspension flows by computational simulation methods. Granular materials have been considered as an independent state ofmatter because of their complex behaviors. They sometimes behave like a solid, sometimes like a fluid, and sometimes can contain both phases in equilibrium. The computer simulation of dense shear granular flows of monodisperse, spherical particles shows that the collisional model of contacts yields the coexistence of solid and fluid phases while the frictional model represents a uniform flow of fluid phase. However, a comparison between the stress signals from the simulations and experiments revealed that the collisional model would result a proper match with the experimental evidences. Although the effect of gravity is found to beimportant in sedimentation of solid part, the stick-slip behavior associated with the collisional model looks more similar to that of experiments. The mathematical formulations based on the kinetic theory have been derived for the moderatesolid volume fractions with the assumption of the homogeneity of flow. In orderto make some simulations which can provide such an ideal flow, the simulation of unbounded granular shear flows was performed. Therefore, the homogeneous flow properties could be achieved in the moderate solid volume fractions. A new algorithm, namely the nonequilibrium approach was introduced to show the features of self-diffusion in the granular flows. Using this algorithm a one way flow can beextracted from the entire flow, which not only provides a straightforward calculation of self-diffusion coefficient but also can qualitatively determine the deviation of self-diffusion from the linear law at some regions nearby the wall inbounded flows. Anyhow, the average lateral self-diffusion coefficient, which was calculated by the aforementioned method, showed a desirable agreement with thepredictions of kinetic theory formulation. In the continuation of computer simulation of shear granular flows, some numerical and theoretical investigations were carried out on mass transfer and particle interactions in particulate flows. In this context, the boundary element method and its combination with the spectral method using the special capabilities of wavelets have been introduced as theefficient numerical methods to solve the governing equations of mass transfer in particulate flows. A theoretical formulation of fluid dispersivity in suspension flows revealed that the fluid dispersivity depends upon the fluid properties and particle parameters as well as the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions.

Performance Tuning of Fenix Logistic Systems

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää Stora Enso Oyj:llä käytössä olevan Fenix myynnin- ja logistiikanhallintajärjestelmän logistiikkapalveluiden suorituskyky, tuottaa asiakasohjelmisto suorituskykymittauksista muodostuneen tiedon hallintaan sekä tuottaa toteuttamissuunnitelma suorituskyvyn parantamiseksi. Suorituskyky mitattiin käyttämällä TUXEDOn tarjoamia ominaisuuksia. Suorituskykymittausten tuloksien arviointia varten rakennettiin asiakasohjelmisto, jolla pystyttiin tuottamaan tarvittavat yhteenvetotiedot palveluiden kestoista ja rakenteista. Valmiita ratkaisuja ei ollut tarjolla, joten kaikki tarvittavat ohjelmistot on rakennettu osana tätä työtä. Kaikki komponenttiliittymät toteutettiin siten, että myös muitakin kuin logistiikkaan liittyviä palveluita voidaan tarvittaessa mitata. Mittausten tuloksena saatuja keskimääräisiä suoritusaikoja käytettiin hyväksi toteuttamissuunnitelmaa tehdessä. Toteutussuunnitelma sisältää useiden logistiikka-alueiden kehittämisideoita, joilla Fenixin logistiikkapalveluiden suorituskykyä voidaan tehostaa., ja nykyinen järjestelmän toimintanopeus pystytään säilyttämään tulevaisuudessa. Toteuttamissuunnitelmassa esitettyjä toimenpiteitä tullaan toteuttamaan TietoEnator Oyj:ssä vuoden 2003 aikana.