Sinterização de Ce1-XEuXO2-(X/2) para aplicação como eletrólito sólido em células a combustível de temperaturas intermediárias

Given the environmental concern over global warming that occurs mainly by emission of CO2 from the combustion of petroleum, coal and natural gas research focused on alternative and clean energy generation has been intensified. Among these, the highlight the solid oxide fuel cell intermediate temperature (IT-SOFC). For application as electrolyte of the devices doped based CeO2 with rare earth ions (TR+ 3) have been quite promising because they have good ionic conductivity and operate at relatively low temperatures (500-800 ° C). In this work, studied the Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3), solid solutions synthesized by the polymeric precursor method to be used as solid electrolyte. It was also studied the processing steps of these powders (milling, compaction and two step sintering) in order to obtain dense sintered pellets with reduced grain size and homogeneous microstructure. For this, the powders were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution and scanning electrons microscopy, since the sintered samples were characterized by dilatometry, scanning electrons microscopy, density and grain size measurements. By x-ray diffraction, it was verified the formation of the solid solution for all compositions. Crystallites in the nanometric scale were found for both sintering routes but the two step sintering presented significant reduction in the average grain size

A importância do telemóvel na comunicação escrita, por SMS, de um grupo de alunos dos 2.º e 3.º ciclos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências da Linguagem, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Propriedade fotoluminescente da ZrO2: Tb+3, Eu+3, Tm+3 obtida pelo método de polimerização de complexos

Recent studies are investigating a new class of inorganic materials which arise as a promising option for high performance applications in the field of photoluminescence. Highlight for rare earth (TR +3 ) doped, which have a high luminous efficiency, long decay time and being able to emit radiation in the visible range, specific to each element. In this study, we synthesized ZrO2: Tb +3 , Eu +3 , Tm +3 nanoparticles complex polymerization method (CPM). We investigated the influences caused by the heat treatment temperature and the content of dopants in zirconia photoluminescent behavior. The particles were calcined at temperature of 400, 500 and 600 ° C for two hours and ranged in concentration of dopants 1, 2, 4 and 8 mol% TR +3 . The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence of measurements and uv-visible of spectroscopies. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the tetragonal and cubic phases in accordance with the content of dopants. The photoluminescence spectra show emission in the region corresponding simultaneous to blue (450 nm), green (550 nm) and red (615 nm). According to the results, ZrO2 particles co-doped with rare earth ions is a promising material white emission with a potential application in the field of photoluminescence

Dinâmica espaço-temporal da temperatura de superfície, da bacia do rio Corumbataí, SP utilizando imagens do sensor TM/Landsat.

Neste estudo foram empregados sistemas de informações geográficas e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para investigar o efeito do uso e cobertura do solo sobre a temperatura da superfície do solo (TSS) nos anos de 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999, 2002 e 2011, na bacia do Rio Corumbataí (BRC), SP. O padrão espacial da TSS foi derivado de imagens do satélite Landsat, por meio da banda termal do sensor TM. Estudou-se a relação entre os índices NDVI, NDBI, MI e da altitude com a TSS. A TSS da BRC foi crescente até o ano de 1999 e reduziu até o ano de 2011. O padrão espacial da TSS foi influenciado pelo uso e cobertura do solo. Houve correlação negativa da TSS com o NDVI e MI e positiva com o NDBI. Áreas de pastagem e áreas de cana-de-açúcar colhidas podem atingir TSS superiores às áreas urbanas, dependendo das condições de umidade do ambiente. Conclui-se que os dados do TM/Landsat associados aos dados coletados em campo, apresentam potencial para identificação de padrões térmico-hídricos em estudos de bacias hidrográficas.

“EU NÃO SOU SEM TERRA... MEUS PAIS TÊM TERRA, EU TENHO MAIS TERRA DO QUE ESSAS PESSOAS QUE ME DIZEM”: USO DO TERRITÓRIO PARA ANÁLISE DA IDENTIDADE E DA REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO AGRESTE BAIANO

O presente artigo visa trazer reflexões da dissertação de mestrado de título “Aqui é tranquilo, mas meu sonho é lá fora!”, Pertencimento e Identidades: o imaginário dos jovens do Assentamento Ana Rosa - Pojuca / Bahia, onde a categoria território é tratada na perspectiva simbólica, que objetiva valorizar a identidade territorial, o vivido. Assim, no espaço artificializado gerado na criação do assentamento, as relações de poder estabelecidas entre as gerações, recriam uma transitoriedade, gerando uma territorialidade circunscrita para além dos limites do território, onde os (as) jovens, sujeitos de uma (des) territorialização através da chegada das famílias na criação do Assentamento, trazem ao território a noção de ruralidade, circunscrita em proximidade (mas não de anulação) com o urbano. Para tanto, a metodologia de historia oral e oficinas trouxeram para a pesquisa, as falas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de re-des-territorialização, ao qual demonstram que o Assentamento cria uma identidade multidimensional, construída no grupo, nas gerações, nas famílias e no lugar, propiciando uma analise do vivido, do percebido e do concebido, gerando um pertencimento, ou seja, uma identificação simbólica com suas raízes culturais e uma criação de novas relações fragmentadas em diferentes territórios e dimensões. 

Projeto de intervenção para redução da incidência de parasitoses intestinais na área de abrangência da equipe 2 do Programa Saúde da Família da comunidade de Nova Vista do município de Sabará/MG

As parasitoses intestinais são de grande importância mundial , constituem-se num grave problema de saúde pública e contribuem para problemas econômicos, sociais e médicos, sobretudo nos países do terceiro mundo. Os países subdesenvolvidos são os mais afetados, devido às precárias condições de moradia, higiene e saúde em que vive uma grande parte da população, além de fatores associados como: clima, escolaridade, renda familiar, número de moradores por domicílio e idade. Na América Latina e Caribe, cerca de 200 milhões de pessoas vivem abaixo da linha da pobreza; 2,4 bilhões não têm saneamento básico; um bilhão de adultos é analfabeto; 110 milhões de crianças na idade escolar estão fora da escola, um bilhão de pessoas não tem acesso à água potável e 790 milhões não têm nutrição adequada. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o Método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, para determinar o problema prioritário, os nós críticos e as ações e foram utilizados Descritores em Ciências da Saúde, para definir palavras-chaves ; Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e outras fontes de busca para revisão bibliográfica. O objetivo e propor um plano de intervenção com vistas à reduzir a incidência da parasitoses intestinais na Comunidade de Nova Vista, no município de Sabará, Minas Gerais. Ressalta-se a necessidade de uma busca sistemática, tanto em áreas urbanas como em rurais, devido ao número significativo de portadores assintomáticos desta patologia, assim como implementar a promoção e prevenção desta doença, incentivando a adoção de medidas higiênicas sanitárias adequadas, incrementando o nível de informação da população e o tratamento correto da água de consumo. Para alcançar estes objetivos é importante a conscientização da comunidade no processo e o apoio Inter setorial. Inicialmente, este plano de intervenção será desenvolvido na área de abrangência e, no futuro, será estendido a outras áreas do município e estado, com vistas a diminuir o número de pessoas afetadas por esta doença e melhorar o estado de saúde da população.

Obesidade infantil: projeto de intervenção para promover hábitos alimentares e estilos de vida saudáveis aos alunos de 1ª e 2ª série da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental do bairro Carapebus – Serra – ES

No mundo em geral e no Brasil em particular, o problema da obesidade infantil tem se revelado como um novo desafio para a saúde pública, uma vez que sua incidência e prevalência têm crescido de forma alarmante nos últimos 30 anos. Grande parte estaria relacionada à má alimentação (95%, exógena), enquanto, apenas 5% seriam decorrentes de fatores endógenos. A falta de informação sobre a obesidade infantil e seus riscos e as ideias erradas com relação à alimentação no seio da família e na própria equipe de saúde, são o maior problema a ser superado para conseguir uma boa adesão ao tratamento. O presente trabalho objetiva desenhar um projeto de intervenção a ser realizado na escola de ensino fundamental e na UBS do bairro Carapebus, onde trabalharemos o conhecimento e a autoestima dos participantes com o intuito de promover a adesão ao tratamento nutricional e sensibilizar responsáveis e crianças sobre a importância da aquisição de hábitos nutricionais saudáveis. O plano operativo propõe oficinas de qualificação aos trabalhadores da UBS e professor de educação física da escola; questionário aos responsáveis das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade sobre fatores associados à obesidade (hábitos de lazer, sedentarismo, atividades físicas, frequência qualitativa de alimentos, nível socioeconômico...); consulta médica e nutricional com avaliação antropométrica; oficinas de educação em saúde sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física; avaliação do impacto das ações realizadas. O projeto está estruturado para ser realizado em 4 etapas com uma duração total de 12 meses e a metodologia a aplicar será a pesquisa-ação.

Estratégias para adequada adesão ao tratamento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no PSF Vila São Jorge

As doenças crônicas na atualidade são muito prevalentes e geram grande impacto à saúde mundial, e o Diabetes Mellitus dito 2(DM2) segue esse mesmo curso, é uma doença que tem sua incidência aumentando a cada ano e tem se tornado problema de Saúde Pública nos países pobres e até nos desenvolvidos, gerando grande impacto econômico a esses países. No PSF da Vila São Jorge, pertencente ao Município de Campo Belo, existe uma grande dificuldade por parte dos profissionais de saúde em conseguir um bom controle e acompanhamento dos usuários com DM2. O principal problema é a má adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento proposto. São vários os "nós críticos" que levam a esse entrave, e a falta de instrução é considerada pela equipe o principal. O projeto de intervenção, apresentado neste trabalho, foi elabora levando em conta a realidade vivenciada dentro da Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, o PSF Vila São Jorge, e na comunidade. O que se pretende com o projeto é conseguir que os pacientes diabéticos e todos moradores da Vila São Jorge tenham maior conhecimento sobre o DM2 e seu tratamento, se conscientizem da importância de adotar hábitos de vida mais saudáveis, praticando mais atividades físicas, seguindo uma alimentação adequada a saúde e o projeto, também, tem objetivo de quebrar o paradigma que as pessoas têm sobre o uso de insulina.

An Isoflavone From Dipteryx Alata Vogel Is Active Against The In Vitro Neuromuscular Paralysis Of Bothrops Jararacussu Snake Venom And Bothropstoxin I, And Prevents Venom-induced Myonecrosis.

Snakebite is a neglected disease and serious health problem in Brazil, with most bites being caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Although serum therapy is the primary treatment for systemic envenomation, it is generally ineffective in neutralizing the local effects of these venoms. In this work, we examined the ability of 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (TM), an isoflavone from Dipteryx alata, to neutralize the neurotoxicity (in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations) and myotoxicity (assessed by light microscopy) of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro. The toxicity of TM was assessed using the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test). Incubation with TM alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the muscle twitch tension whereas incubation with venom (40 μg/mL) caused irreversible paralysis. Preincubation of TM (200 μg/mL) with venom attenuated the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade by 84% ± 5% (mean ± SEM; n = 4). The neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major myotoxic PLA2 of this venom, was also attenuated by TM. Histological analysis of diaphragm muscle incubated with TM showed that most fibers were preserved (only 9.2% ± 1.7% were damaged; n = 4) compared to venom alone (50.3% ± 5.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3), and preincubation of TM with venom significantly attenuated the venom-induced damage (only 17% ± 3.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3; p < 0.05 compared to venom alone). TM showed no mutagenicity in the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA97a with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. These findings indicate that TM is a potentially useful compound for antagonizing the neuromuscular effects (neurotoxicity and myotoxicity) of B. jararacussu venom.

An Asp49 Phospholipase A2 From Snake Venom Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression And Prostaglandin E2 Production Via Activation Of Nf-κb, P38mapk, And Pkc In Macrophages.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are key enzymes for production of lipid mediators. We previously demonstrated that a snake venom sPLA2 named MT-III leads to prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in macrophages by inducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Herein, we explored the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to these MT-III-induced effects. Results demonstrated that MT-III induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in isolated macrophages. By using NF-κB selective inhibitors, the involvement of this factor in MT-III-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production was demonstrated. Moreover, MT-III-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release were attenuated by pretreatment of macrophages with SB202190, and Ly294002, and H-7-dihydro compounds, indicating the involvement of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, MT-III triggered early phosphorylation of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Furthermore, SB202190, H-7-dihydro, but not Ly294002 treatment, abrogated activation of NF-κB induced by MT-III. Altogether, these results show for the first time that the induction of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release, which occur via NF-κB activation induced by the sPLA2-MT-III in macrophages, are modulated by p38MAPK and PKC, but not by PI3K signaling proteins.

Prognostic Value Of Dna And Mrna E6/e7 Of Human Papillomavirus In The Evolution Of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2.

This study aimed at evaluating whether human papillomavirus (HPV) groups and E6/E7 mRNA of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 are prognostic of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 outcome in women with a cervical smear showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). This cohort study included women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 who were followed up for 12 months, with cervical smear and colposcopy performed every three months. Women with a negative or low-risk HPV status showed 100% CIN 2 regression. The CIN 2 regression rates at the 12-month follow-up were 69.4% for women with alpha-9 HPV versus 91.7% for other HPV species or HPV-negative status (P < 0.05). For women with HPV 16, the CIN 2 regression rate at the 12-month follow-up was 61.4% versus 89.5% for other HPV types or HPV-negative status (P < 0.05). The CIN 2 regression rate was 68.3% for women who tested positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA versus 82.0% for the negative results, but this difference was not statistically significant. The expectant management for women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 and previous cytological tests showing LSIL exhibited a very high rate of spontaneous regression. HPV 16 is associated with a higher CIN 2 progression rate than other HPV infections. HPV E6/E7 mRNA is not a prognostic marker of the CIN 2 clinical outcome, although this analysis cannot be considered conclusive. Given the small sample size, this study could be considered a pilot for future larger studies on the role of predictive markers of CIN 2 evolution.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Hydrophilic Biotech Drugs: Optimization And Cell Viability Studies (caco-2 & Hepg-2 Cell Lines).

Insulin was used as model protein to developed innovative Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for the delivery of hydrophilic biotech drugs, with potential use in medicinal chemistry. SLNs were prepared by double emulsion with the purpose of promoting stability and enhancing the protein bioavailability. Softisan(®)100 was selected as solid lipid matrix. The surfactants (Tween(®)80, Span(®)80 and Lipoid(®)S75) and insulin were chosen applying a 2(2) factorial design with triplicate of central point, evaluating the influence of dependents variables as polydispersity index (PI), mean particle size (z-AVE), zeta potential (ZP) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) by factorial design using the ANOVA test. Therefore, thermodynamic stability, polymorphism and matrix crystallinity were checked by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), whereas the effect of toxicity of SLNs was check in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. Results showed a mean particle size (z-AVE) width between 294.6 nm and 627.0 nm, a PI in the range of 0.425-0.750, ZP about -3 mV, and the EE between 38.39% and 81.20%. After tempering the bulk lipid (mimicking the end process of production), the lipid showed amorphous characteristics, with a melting point of ca. 30 °C. The toxicity of SLNs was evaluated in two distinct cell lines (HEPG-2 and Caco-2), showing to be dependent on the concentration of particles in HEPG-2 cells, while no toxicity in was reported in Caco-2 cells. SLNs were stable for 24 h in in vitro human serum albumin (HSA) solution. The resulting SLNs fabricated by double emulsion may provide a promising approach for administration of protein therapeutics and antigens.

Microbial Evaluation Of Traumatized Teeth Treated With Triple Antibiotic Paste Or Calcium Hydroxide With 2% Chlorhexidine Gel In Pulp Revascularization.

Revascularization outcome depends on microbial elimination because apical repair will not happen in the presence of infected tissues. This study evaluated the microbial composition of traumatized immature teeth and assessed their reduction during different stages of the revascularization procedures performed with 2 intracanal medicaments. Fifteen patients (7-17 years old) with immature teeth were submitted to the revascularization procedures; they were divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medicament used: TAP group (n = 7), medicated with a triple antibiotic paste, and CHP group (n = 8), dressed with calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel. Samples were taken before any treatment (S1), after irrigation with 6% NaOCl (S2), after irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine (S3), after intracanal dressing (S4), and after 17% EDTA irrigation (S5). Cultivable bacteria recovered from the 5 stages were counted and identified by means of polymerase chain reaction assay (16S rRNA). Both groups had colony-forming unit counts significantly reduced after S2 (P < .05); however, no significant difference was found between the irrigants (S2 and S3, P = .99). No difference in bacteria counts was found between the intracanal medicaments used (P = .95). The most prevalent bacteria detected were Actinomyces naeslundii (66.67%), followed by Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were detected in 33.34% of the root canals. An average of 2.13 species per canal was found, and no statistical correlation was observed between bacterial species and clinical/radiographic features. The microbial profile of infected immature teeth is similar to that of primarily infected permanent teeth. The greatest bacterial reduction was promoted by the irrigation solutions. The revascularization protocols that used the tested intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing viable bacteria in necrotic immature teeth.

What Is The Best Indication For Single-incision Ophira Mini Sling? Insights From A 2-year Follow-up International Multicentric Study.

The Ophira Mini Sling System involves anchoring a midurethral, low-tension tape to the obturator internus muscles bilaterally at the level of the tendinous arc. Success rates in different subsets of patients are still to be defined. This work aims to identify which factors influence the 2-year outcomes of this treatment. Analysis was based on data from a multicenter study. Endpoints for analysis included objective measurements: 1-h pad-weight (PWT), and cough stress test (CST), and questionnaires: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI)-6. A logistic regression analysis evaluated possible risk factors for failure. In all, 124 female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) underwent treatment with the Ophira procedure. All patients completed 1 year of follow-up, and 95 complied with the 2-year evaluation. Longitudinal analysis showed no significant differences between results at 1 and 2 years. The 2-year overall objective results were 81 (85.3%) patients dry, six (6.3%) improved, and eight (8.4%) incontinent. A multivariate analysis revealed that previous anti-incontinence surgery was the only factor that significantly influenced surgical outcomes. Two years after treatment, women with previous failed surgeries had an odds ratio (OR) for treatment failure (based on PWT) of 4.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-15.57). The Ophira procedure is an effective option for SUI treatment, with durable good results. Previous surgeries were identified as the only significant risk factor, though previously operated patients showed an acceptable success rate.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Metabolic Alterations, Calcium Dysregulation, And Increased Expression Of Extracellular Matrix Proteins In Laminin α2 Chain-deficient Muscle.

Congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain deficiency (MDC1A) is one of the most severe forms of muscular disease and is characterized by severe muscle weakness and delayed motor milestones. The genetic basis of MDC1A is well known, yet the secondary mechanisms ultimately leading to muscle degeneration and subsequent connective tissue infiltration are not fully understood. In order to obtain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying MDC1A, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of affected muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) from laminin α2 chain-deficient dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice, using multidimensional protein identification technology combined with tandem mass tags. Out of the approximately 700 identified proteins, 113 and 101 proteins, respectively, were differentially expressed in the diseased gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles compared with normal muscles. A large portion of these proteins are involved in different metabolic processes, bind calcium, or are expressed in the extracellular matrix. Our findings suggest that metabolic alterations and calcium dysregulation could be novel mechanisms that underlie MDC1A and might be targets that should be explored for therapy. Also, detailed knowledge of the composition of fibrotic tissue, rich in extracellular matrix proteins, in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle might help in the design of future anti-fibrotic treatments. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000978 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000978).