Sistema com aeração, decantação e filtragem para melhoria da qualidade da água para irrigação localizada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

La incertidumbre de los recursos hídricos y sus riesgos frente al cambio climático: herramientas para los tomadores de decisiones de los sectores público y privado

Tal vez el principal canal de transmisión de los impactos del cambio climático sobre las actividades económicas y humanas es a través de la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos. Reconociendo la necesidad de generar políticas que permitan gestionar los riesgos que imponen las nuevas condiciones climáticas sobre los recursos hídricos desde los sectores público y privado, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), en conjunto con el International Development Research Centre (IDRC) de Canadá, el Programa CEPAL-BMZ/GIZ y la Cámara Internacional de Comercio (ICC), organizó los días 29 y 30 de octubre el Seminario “Recursos hídricos bajo incertidumbre y riesgo al cambio climático: herramientas para los tomadores de decisión del sectores público y privado” donde se expusieron y debatieron distintas propuestas de análisis e instrumentos económicos para la gestión del riesgo en el sector hídrico frente al cambio climático. Este documento, que reúne cuatro de los trabajos discutidos en el seminario, busca impulsar esta agenda de adaptación al cambio climático del sector hídrico considerando una gestión de riesgos apropiada.

Diagnóstico de um sistema público de abastecimento de água segundo o usuário: estudo de caso do Conjunto Residencial Beija-Flor – Marituba - PA

Avalia sob a ótica do usuário, o sistema de abastecimento de água da Companhia de Saneamento do Pará, em funcionamento no Residencial Beija-Flor, no Município de Marituba-Pará. Dividiu-se o estudo nas etapas de levantamento de informações do sistema de abastecimento, de pesquisa de campo e de tratamento dos dados, em função da dimensão socioeconômica do consumidor, impressões sobre os serviços da concessionária, formas de uso, sentimento econômico e avaliação das inter-relações entre as variáveis estudadas. Constata que o Residencial é um conjunto habitacional horizontal unifamiliar. Demonstra através de análise dos fatores relacionados a desperdícios e vazamentos de água, que são consideráveis as chances dos hidrômetros residenciais estarem defeituosos. Afere o serviço prestado pela COSANPA como de má qualidade em função do entendimento de que a água fornecida é de má qualidade. Juga-se o preço da água da COSANPA em função da qualidade da água fornecida, aferindo-a como de custo elevado. Detectou-se grande chance de comprometimento ambiental do lençol freático e do solo, assim como de se adquirir doenças transmissíveis pela água, através da rede de distribuição, a quando de ocorrência de falta d’água. Avalia que entre as fragilidades da gestão da Companhia de Saneamento, destaca-se a deficiente comunicação da empresa com os seus usuários e como principal potencialidade detectada na gestão do sistema de abastecimento, se sobressai à rara ocorrência de falta d’água e o fato de haver um significativo índice de hidrometração. Constata que “ouvir” o usuário é uma importante ferramenta de auxilio ao aperfeiçoamento a gestão dos serviços de abastecimento de água.

Fatores de risco em cadeia de suprimentos do setor aeroespacial: aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos

The lack of risk management can generate disruption in the supply chain, and there is little literature related to the aerospace industry. This article aims at identifying the risk factors for supply chain of the main Brazilian aircraft manufacturer. Nine risk factors specific to aircraft manufacturers were identified: Environmental, Natural and Political, Supply Chain, Business Strategy, Product Management, Indicators, Organization, Productivity, and Quality and Information System. These factors were quantitatively evaluated with respect to their criticality using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The Quality and Productivity factors were considered the most relevant in this study, which can be classified as a single case study. The necessary data were obtained through interviews with professionals from different areas of the studied enterprise.

Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Impactos ambiental e socioeconômico do uso e ocupação dos solos da microbacia Jardim Novo Horizonte, em Ilha Solteira, SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Indicators of the risk mechanics for Class-I and Class-II amalgam and composite resin restorations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reactive power planning under conditional-value-at-risk assessment using chance-constrained optimisation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Models of the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Marine Environment

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a group of chemicals that are toxic, undergo long-range transport and accumulate in biota. Due to their persistency the distribution and recirculation in the environment often continues for a long period of time. Thereby they appear virtually everywhere within the biosphere, and poses a toxic stress to living organisms. In this thesis, attempts are made to contribute to the understanding of factors that influence the distribution of POPs with focus on processes in the marine environment. The bioavailability and the spatial distribution are central topics for the environmental risk management of POPs. In order to study these topics, various field studies were undertaken. To determine the bioavailable fraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) the aqueous dissolved phase were sampled and analysed. In the same samples, we also measured how much of these POPs were associated with suspended particles. Different models, which predicted the phase distribution of these POPs, were then evaluated. It was found that important water characteristics, which influenced the solid-water phase distribution of POPs, were particulate organic matter (POM), particulate soot (PSC), and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The bioavailable dissolved POP-phase in the water was lower when these sorbing phases were present. Furthermore, sediments were sampled and the spatial distribution of the POPs was examined. The results showed that the concentration of PCDD/Fs, and PCNs were better described using PSC- than using POM-content of the sediment. In parallel with these field studies, we synthesized knowledge of the processes affecting the distribution of POPs in a multimedia mass balance model. This model predicted concentrations of PCDD/Fs throughout our study area, the Grenlandsfjords in Norway, within factors of ten. This makes the model capable to validate the effect of suitable remedial actions in order to decrease the exposure of these POPs to biota in the Grenlandsfjords which was the aim of the project. Also, to evaluate the influence of eutrophication on the marine occurrence PCB data from the US Musselwatch and Benthic Surveillance Programs are examined in this thesis. The dry weight based concentrations of PCB in bivalves were found to correlate positively to the organic matter content of nearby sediments, and organic matter based concentrations of PCB in sediments were negatively correlated to the organic matter content of the sediment.

Tuzla City (BiH): an example of geohazard induced by salt extraction

Salt deposits characterize the subsurface of Tuzla (BiH) and made it famous since the ancient times. Archeological discoveries demonstrate the presence of a Neolithic pile-dwelling settlement related to the existence of saltwater springs that contributed to make the most of the area a swampy ground. Since the Roman times, the town is reported as “the City of Salt deposits and Springs”; "tuz" is the Turkish word for salt, as the Ottomans renamed the settlement in the 15th century following their conquest of the medieval Bosnia (Donia and Fine, 1994). Natural brine springs were located everywhere and salt has been evaporated by means of hot charcoals since pre-Roman times. The ancient use of salt was just a small exploitation compared to the massive salt production carried out during the 20th century by means of classical mine methodologies and especially wild brine pumping. In the past salt extraction was practised tapping natural brine springs, while the modern technique consists in about 100 boreholes with pumps tapped to the natural underground brine runs, at an average depth of 400-500 m. The mining operation changed the hydrogeological conditions enabling the downward flow of fresh water causing additional salt dissolution. This process induced severe ground subsidence during the last 60 years reaching up to 10 meters of sinking in the most affected area. Stress and strain of the overlying rocks induced the formation of numerous fractures over a conspicuous area (3 Km2). Consequently serious damages occurred to buildings and infrastructures such as water supply system, sewage networks and power lines. Downtown urban life was compromised by the destruction of more than 2000 buildings that collapsed or needed to be demolished causing the resettlement of about 15000 inhabitants (Tatić, 1979). Recently salt extraction activities have been strongly reduced, but the underground water system is returning to his natural conditions, threatening the flooding of the most collapsed area. During the last 60 years local government developed a monitoring system of the phenomenon, collecting several data about geodetic measurements, amount of brine pumped, piezometry, lithostratigraphy, extension of the salt body and geotechnical parameters. A database was created within a scientific cooperation between the municipality of Tuzla and the city of Rotterdam (D.O.O. Mining Institute Tuzla, 2000). The scientific investigation presented in this dissertation has been financially supported by a cooperation project between the Municipality of Tuzla, The University of Bologna (CIRSA) and the Province of Ravenna. The University of Tuzla (RGGF) gave an important scientific support in particular about the geological and hydrogeological features. Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well understood in a few areas (Gutierrez et al., 2008). The subject of this study is the collapsing phenomenon occurring in Tuzla area with the aim to identify and quantify the several factors involved in the system and their correlations. Tuzla subsidence phenomenon can be defined as geohazard, which represents the consequence of an adverse combination of geological processes and ground conditions precipitated by human activity with the potential to cause harm (Rosenbaum and Culshaw, 2003). Where an hazard induces a risk to a vulnerable element, a risk management process is required. The single factors involved in the subsidence of Tuzla can be considered as hazards. The final objective of this dissertation represents a preliminary risk assessment procedure and guidelines, developed in order to quantify the buildings vulnerability in relation to the overall geohazard that affect the town. The historical available database, never fully processed, have been analyzed by means of geographic information systems and mathematical interpolators (PART I). Modern geomatic applications have been implemented to deeply investigate the most relevant hazards (PART II). In order to monitor and quantify the actual subsidence rates, geodetic GPS technologies have been implemented and 4 survey campaigns have been carried out once a year. Subsidence related fractures system has been identified by means of field surveys and mathematical interpretations of the sinking surface, called curvature analysis. The comparison of mapped and predicted fractures leaded to a better comprehension of the problem. Results confirmed the reliability of fractures identification using curvature analysis applied to sinking data instead of topographic or seismic data. Urban changes evolution has been reconstructed analyzing topographic maps and satellite imageries, identifying the most damaged areas. This part of the investigation was very important for the quantification of buildings vulnerability.

Events Management: il caso FPA Worlds 2012

Un problema comune agli Ingegneri Gestionali è quello legato alla necessità di dover sempre spiegare in cosa consista veramente il proprio campo di studi. Amici, conoscenti e parenti non dimostrano mai, infatti, familiarità con il termine. Chi scrive è costretto addirittura ad ammettere di avere una madre che, a pochi giorni dalla discussione dalla Tesi Magistrale, continui ad affermare di non aver ancora capito quale lavoro andrà poi a fare il figlio. Medicina, Giurisprudenza ed Economia sono concetti facili da comprendere; “studiare con approccio quantitativo l'organizzazione e i processi produttivi delle imprese costruendo e applicando modelli per la soluzione dei loro problemi” in effetti lo è un po’ meno. Accade così che si debbano quindi aggiungere altri termini, spiegando l’ingegneria gestionale come insieme di altre discipline: produzione, logistica, marketing, economia aziendale, risorse umane, gestione, progetti... Si dà il caso che questo insieme di altre discipline coincida in larga parte con una branca ancora più oscura ai più: l’event management. Questo lavoro di Tesi è incentrato proprio sulla gestione di un evento: gli FPA Worlds 2012, i Mondiali di Frisbee Freestyle 2012 tenutisi a Riccione dal 2 al 5 agosto. L’autore, nell’ambito del suo percorso di Tirocinio, ne è stato l’event manager, ovvero il massimo responsabile e organizzatore, andando a far confluire esperienze, conoscenze e passioni personali con la coronazione degli studi universitari. L’intero progetto lo ha coinvolto dal luglio 2010 al settembre 2012, all’interno di un’azienda riminese con cui già collaborava dal 2009. La Tesi, di carattere prettamente sperimentale, va quindi ad esporre i processi gestionali “nascosti” dietro ad un evento che ha riscosso successo di pubblico e mediatico, affiancando in ognuno dei capitoli tematici modelli teorici e risultati pratici. La vastità di conoscenze, competenze e strumenti utilizzati ha reso quest’esperienza altamente stimolante, così come le numerose sfide che si sono succedute nel difficile percorso per organizzare il miglior Mondiale di Frisbee Freestyle di sempre.

Essays on Bank Risk

This PhD Thesis is composed of three chapters, each discussing a specific type of risk that banks face. The first chapter talks about Systemic Risk and how banks get exposed to it through the Interbank Funding Market. Exposures in the said market have Systemic Risk implications because the market creates linkages, where the failure of one party can affect the others in the market. By showing that CDS Spreads, as bank risk indicators, are positively related to their Net Interbank Funding Market Exposures, this chapter establishes the above Systemic Risk Implications of Interbank Funding. Meanwhile, the second chapter discusses how banks may handle Illiquidity Risk, defined as the possibility of having sudden funding needs. Illiquidity Risk is embodied in this chapter through Loan Commitments as they oblige banks to lend to its clients, up to a certain amount of funds at any time. This chapter points out that using Securitization as funding facility, could allow the banks to manage this Illiquidity Risk. To make this case, this chapter demonstrates empirically that banks having an increase in Loan Commitments, may experience an increase in risk profile but such can be offset by an accompanying increase in Securitization Activity. Lastly, the third chapter focuses on how banks manage Credit Risk also through Securitization. Securitization has a Credit Risk management property by allowing the offloading of risk. This chapter investigates how banks use such property by looking at the effect of securitization on the banks’ loan portfolios and overall risk and returns. The findings are that securitization is positively related to loan portfolio size and the portfolio share of risky loans, which translates to higher risk and returns. Thus, this chapter points out that Credit Risk management through Securitization may be have been done towards higher risk taking for high returns.

Risk appetite e risk tolerance: strumenti di supporto agli istituti di credito per l'assunzione di rischi in tempi di crisi

Negli ultimi anni l’attenzione di legislatori e degli Organi di Vigilanza, in base alle riforme regolamentari attivate in risposta alla crisi economica, si sono focalizzate sulle pratiche di risk management delle Banche, sottolineando l’importanza dei sistemi di controllo e gestione dei rischi. Il presente lavoro nasce con l’intento di analizzare e valutare le caratteristiche salienti del processo di assunzione e gestione dei rischi nel sistema economico finanziario attuale. Numerosi e autorevoli esperti, come gli operatori del Financial Stability Board , Institute of International Finance e Senior Supervisory Group, si sono espressi sulle cause della crisi finanziaria ed hanno sollevato dubbi circa la qualità delle azioni intraprese da alcuni manager, sulle loro politiche gestionali e sulla comprensione delle reali condizioni in cui versavano le loro Banche (in termini di esposizione ai rischi, report da aggregazione dati su performance aziendali e qualità dei dati aggregati) , si è ritenuto giusto dal punto di vista teorico approfondire in particolare i temi del Risk Appetite e Risk Tolerance, novità introdotte nelle diverse direttive e normative in risposta alle citate ed ambigue politiche di gestione ed assunzione rischi. I concetti, qui introdotti, di appetito e tolleranza al rischio conducono ad una ampia sfera di riferimento che guarda alla necessità di fissare degli obiettivi di rischio e loro limiti per poter meglio controllare e valutare la stabilità economica/finanziaria e stimare gli effetti di condizioni peggiorative (reali o soltanto teoriche, come gli stress test) sulla solvibilità e profittabilità delle Banche nazionali ed internazionali. Inoltre, ad integrazione di quanto precedentemente esposto sarà illustrata una survey sulla disclosure delle principali Banche europee in relazione alle informazioni sul Risk Appetite e sul Risk Tolerance.

Trading internazionale di energia elettrica: Valutazione di nuove opportunita nell'area CEE

Valutazione dell’opportunità di fare trading elettrico nell’area CEE. Progetto di analisi di mercato, per l’azienda “C.U.Ra”, operatore del mercato elettrico, sull’opportunità di fare business energetico in Polonia e paesi CEE. Attività sviluppate: •Benchmarking dei mercati evoluti dell’energia •Analisi del mercato elettrico italiano •Analisi dell’attività di trading elettrico: Profit & Loss, Risk Management. •Analisi di Fattibilità •Analisi di sensibilità (What-if): variazione parametrica dell’opportunità • Avviamento del business e partnership con società di consulting polacca

The Next 10 years in the Management of Peripheral Artery Disease: Perspectives from The 'PAD 2009' Conference

OBJECTIVES: To briefly inform on the conclusions from a conference on the next 10 years in the management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). DESIGN OF THE CONFERENCE: International participation, invited presentations and open discussion were based on the following issues: Why is PAD under-recognised? Health economic impact of PAD; funding of PAD research; changes of treatment options? Aspects on clinical trials and regulatory views; and the role of guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A relative lack of knowledge about cardiovascular risk and optimal management of PAD patients exists not only among the public, but also in parts of the health-care system. Specialists are required to act for improved information. More specific PAD research is needed for risk management and to apply the best possible evaluation of evidence for treatment strategies. Better strategies for funding are required based on, for example, public/private initiatives. The proportion of endovascular treatments is steadily increasing, more frequently based on observational studies than on randomised controlled trials. The role of guidelines is therefore important to guide the profession in the assessment of most relevant treatment.