The geography of reported domestic violence in Brisbane: a social justice perspective

Police call data and court data are used to map the incidence of reported domestic violence in Brisbane. These data are correlated with low family income, unemployment and a measure of multiple disadvantage (an Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage) for each Statistical Local Area (suburb) in Brisbane. Only the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage is a statistically significant predictor of reported domestic violence. The finding of a significantly higher incidence of reported domestic violence among relatively worse-off families is investigated within a social justice context. A measure of multiple relative disadvantage is shown to better reflect the negative impacts of structural inequalities on families in explaining the reported occurrence of domestic violence.

The play of identities in Cypriot-Australian family storytelling

This article adopts a microanalytic approach to examine storytelling as a co-construction by family members in a Cypriot-Australian family. Previous studies on family storytelling have focused on the various roles of family members in storytelling with a means of studying family socialization (Miller et al., 1990; Ochs & Taylor, 1992; Blum-Kulka, 1997). These studies used critical discourse analysis, socioculturel theories, performance and pragmatic approaches to storytelling. This article offers a distinctive approach to family storytelling by examining the discourse and social identities that family members display during the storytelling. The data originate in a study that involves interviews with three generations of Greek-Australian and Cypriot-Australian women regarding their relationships with each other. In this paper we investigate the contributions of the father and the daughters in the course of the mother's turn at storytelling. The first part of the analysis focuses on the husband's discourse identities as a contributor, initiator and elicitor of his wife's storytelling. During the storytelling we also observe the production and exchange of different social identities between the husband and the mother, such as the 'unwilling suitor', the 'embarrassed schoolgirl' or the 'forceful but teasing husband'. The second part describes how the daughters take part in their mother's storytelling, producing a variety of identities such as the 'impatient mother', the 'complaining', 'happy', or 'good' mothers and daughters. These investigations succinctly illustrate how narratives become a resource for members' 'display' and 'play' of identities. Copyright ©2002, John Benjamins B.V.

Living with osteoarthritis: Patient expenditures, health status, and social impact

Objective. To determine out-of-pocket expenditures related to osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore whether demographic details, health status scores (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form [SF-36] and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]), or perception of social effect were expenditure determinants. Methods. A prospective cohort study of community-dwelling subjects with OA completed 4 consecutive 3-month cost diaries. In addition, subjects completed the SF-36 and WOMAC at baseline and at 12 months. Social impact at baseline was collected. Four groups categorized by age and sex were compared. Patients undergoing joint replacement were excluded. Results. Differences in health status were defined more by age than by sex, especially for physical function. The costs to the patients were high, particularly for women, who spent more on medications and special equipment. Women also reported receiving more assistance from family and friends. Higher disease-related expenditures were associated with greater pain levels, poorer social function and mental health, and longer duration of disease. Significant independent predictors of total patient expenditures related to OA were being female and having joint stiffness. Conclusion. Despite having heavily subsidized health care and access to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, out-of-pocket costs for patients with OA in Australia are considerable. Higher expenditures for patients with OA are related to more advanced disease, especially for women.

Perceived constraints and social support for active leisure among mothers with young children

Evidence suggests that women who are mothers of young children have lower levels of physical activity than women of similar age who do not have children (Brown, Lee, Mishra, & Bauman, 2000). The purposes of this study were to explore the factors that constrain mothers of young children from being more physically active, and the relationship between physical activity and levels of social support available to the women. The empirical basis for this examination was provided through a study of activity levels and barriers to physical activity experienced by a sample of 543 mothers of young children from differing socioeconomic backgrounds. The data indicate that: (a) more than two-thirds of the mothers were inadequately active in their leisure time for health benefit; (b) while the vast majority of mothers expressed a desire to be more active, they were inhibited in their ability to act out their leisure preferences by a combination of structural (e.g., lack of time, money, energy) and ideological influences (e.g., sense of commitment to others); (c) access to social support (from partners, family, and friends) was seen to place some women in a better position than others to negotiate constraints that inhibit leisure participation; and (d) within groups of varying socioeconomic status (SES) there was wide variation in the amount of time spent each week in active leisure.

Family dynasties in the Tasmanian native hen (Gallinula mortierii)

For species that form multi-generational and territorial family groups, resource-rich areas are predicted to support family dynasties in which one genetic lineage continuously occupies an area and may even expand to occupy surrounding areas. Data from a long-term study of Tasmanian native hens (Gallinula mortierii) support this prediction. The reproductive success and dispersal patterns of 18 hen lineages were monitored for seven breeding seasons and over several generations. The founder group with the highest average territory quality produced the highest total number of fledged young and the highest number of fledged linear descendants, accounting for 24% of the combined reproductive output of these 18 lineages. In the space of 6 years, this single genetic lineage expanded from one territory to occupy 12 of the 47 territories present in the population. This rate of expansion was over four times the population average for the same period. A multivariate analysis revealed that the success of a genetic lineage depended only on the number of high-quality territories surrounding the founder group. These results further demonstrate the resource-dependent nature of reproductive success in this species, and also highlight the potential importance of family dynasties in other cooperative species with complex social dynamics and dispersal patterns.

Who supports? The providers of social support to dual-parent families caring for young children

Previous research points to the importance of both kin and non-kin ties within social networks as sources of social support. This study examines the kin and non-kin providers of specific types of support to dual-parent low-income Australian families caring for young children. The study highlights the importance of family and friends as support providers. Study Participants tended to rely on family, including parents, siblings and other family members, and friends for emotional and information support. Parents also tended to provide material and practical support. While neighbors and community agencies offered some emotional and information support, overall, these sources were minimal. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The role of the church in developing the law

The church and other community organisations have a legitimate role to play in influencing public policy. However, intervention by the church and other religious bodies in recent litigation in Australia and the United Kingdom raises questions about the appropriateness of such bodies being permitted to intervene directly in the court process as amici curiae. We argue that there are dangers in such bodies insinuating their doctrine under the guise of legal argument in civil proceedings, but find it difficult to enunciate a principled distinction between doctrine and legal argument. We advise that judges should exercise caution in dealing with amicus submissions.

The development and psychometric properties of a measure of social and adaptive functioning for children and adolescents

Developed, piloted, and examined the psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS), a self-report measure designed to examine the social functioning of young people in the areas of school performance, peer relationships, family relationships, and home duties/self-care. The findings of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis support a 4-factor solution consistent with the hypothesized domains. Fit indexes suggested that the 4-correlated factor model represented a satisfactory solution for the data, with the covariation between factors being satisfactorily explained by a single, higher order factor reflecting social and adaptive functioning in general. The internal consistency and 12-month test-retest reliability of the total scale was acceptable. A significant, negative correlation was found between the CASAFS and a measure of depressive symptoms, showing that high levels of social functioning are associated with low levels of depression. Significant differences in CASAFS total and subscale scores were found between clinically depressed adolescents and a matched sample of nonclinical controls. Adolescents who reported elevated but subclinical levels of depression also reported lower levels of social functioning in comparison to nonclinical controls.

A seguridade social no Brasil e os obst??culos institucionais ?? sua implementa????o

An??lise hist??rico-administrativa da forma????o do sistema de seguridade social no Brasil, enfatizando alguns dos principais aspectos condicionantes da sua gest??o. Registra as id??ias-for??a do modelo de prote????o social adotado em 1988, contextualizadas no processo de evolu????o das pol??ticas sociais de Estado; descreve e discute os problemas constatados na operacionaliza????o recente das pol??ticas p??blicas de sa??de, assist??ncia e previd??ncia social, vistas sob a ??tica dos seus processos de planejamento e or??amenta????o, das estruturas organizacionais formais e das pr??ticas diretivas e de controle, e da articula????o intergovernamental, conduzindo ?? avalia????o de desempenho do sistema atual e a propostas da sua consolida????o, com base nos princ??pios de descentraliza????o, controle social e manuten????o de um permanente processo de avalia????o institucional.

Desenvolvimento sustent??vel: o desafio da admininstra????o p??blica brasileira nas dimens??es da relev??ncia social, da prud??ncia ecol??gica e da viabilidade econ??mica

Partindo do conceito de bem-estar social, definido em lei como de responsabilidade da administra????o p??blica, especialmente no que diz respeito ?? preserva????o dos recursos naturais para a manuten????o da decente qualidade de vida dos cidad??os, o artigo foi estruturado a partir do relat??rio de pesquisa de inicia????o cient??fica financiada pela Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado de S??o Paulo (Fapesp) e desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de S??o Paulo (Unesp). Tal relat??rio objetivou investigar os par??metros de regularidade da administra????o p??blica, analisando-se a jurisprud??ncia dos tribunais. Foram evidenciadas irregularidades na atua????o da administra????o p??blica, constatando a desarticula????o da gest??o p??blica ao gerir as tr??s dimens??es que definem o desenvolvimento sustent??vel: a relev??ncia social, a viabilidade econ??mica e a prud??ncia ecol??gica. Foi poss??vel constatar com esta pesquisa que a administra????o p??blica brasileira d?? mais import??ncia para a quest??o econ??mica que ??s quest??es sociais e ambientais. Pudemos perceber que enquanto o meio ambiente ?? degradado e a sociedade prejudicada com a piora da qualidade de vida, o econ??mico vem sendo privilegiado constantemente. Sendo assim, evidenciaremos esse descaso propondo algumas mudan??as para a melhora da gest??o das tr??s dimens??es do desenvolvimento sustent??vel; por??m, em contrapartida, mostraremos a seriedade na atua????o dos ??rg??os colegiados ambientais e institui????es do poder p??blico, tais como o Minist??rio P??blico, que hoje atuam em parceria com a popula????o, crescentemente envolvida no processo mediante a pr??tica de den??ncias e reclama????es.

Exclusi??n social y pol??ticas de inclusi??n. Algunos elementos sobre la realidad europea y espa??ola

La globalizaci??n econ??mica ha impactado fuertemente en el mercado laboral europeo, abriendo puertas para el trabajo precario. Mientras el capital se torna global, el trabajo permanece local y m??s sumiso a los flujos econ??micos mundiales. Adem??s, los patrones de la sociedad de consumo se han consolidado, promoviendo nuevas desigualdades sociales y aumentando los riesgos de exclusi??n y vulnerabilidad social. La ca??da progresiva del industrialismo tambi??n afecta las principales bases de la estructura social como los roles de g??nero o las relaciones familiares. Diferentes redes aparecen como clave para la inclusi??n, especialmente en el actual contexto de crisis del Estado de Bienestar Social en que se encuentra Europa. Es decir, el an??lisis de la exclusi??n social debe tener en cuenta la evoluci??n de las pol??ticas sociales en toda Europa y la tendencia actual de descentralizaci??n y focalizaci??n de los ser vicios sociales. El objetivo de este art??culo es, por lo tanto, no s??lo describir el fen??meno de la exclusi??n social, sino tambi??n lanzar ideas para construir nuevos criterios de redefinici??n de las pol??ticas sociales.