Alianças estratégicas enquanto formas microorganizacionais em cooperação competitiva: o caso da Rede Universitária de Incubadoras Tecnológicas de Cooperativas Populares - Rede de ITCPs

At present, the network re appear like alternatives of find forms in arrangements inter-organizational that offer his members better opportunities of modernizes technological, insertion in the market, managerial and at the same time permit the exchange of experiences, information and knowledge for fortify and compete of equal for equal, permitting brighten up the harmful effects of the compete wild. A threat that can be minimized by the organization in net and the use of other forms interorganizational and strategic alliances. Therefore the demonstrates the context of the competitive cooperation in network, seeking criteria of analysis of that phenomenon organizational, on the basis of a study of case of the net ITCPs and in the literature researched, aimed with that criterion and indicator for creation of a model of evaluation in the future (Factor Net) that be prominent for the drawing of those forms organizational you maintained, supportive, competitive and cooperative

Avaliação do impacto do plano de expansão da rede federal na qualidade dos institutos federais de educação segundo indicadores de desempenho

The Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Vocational Education foresees the construction of 860 new units of instruction until 2020, representing a strong growth against the 140 existing units prior to its disclosure by Federal Government of Brazil, in 2005. The Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology have been performing the expansion while experiencing the shortcomings and challenges of units still in development, created in previous phases of the Plan. The quality of the services of these institutions has been evaluated by the control bodies, which require the submission of performance indicators in annual management reports of institutions under their jurisdiction. In this context of expansion process, particularly, is desirable to identify possible changes in quality standards. Thus, this research was motivated by the following problem: there was difference in the performance of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology after the inauguration of the first units of phase II of the Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Vocational Education? This is an exploratory-descriptive, ex-post-facto, quantitative approach research, which aims to contribute to the knowledge of the impact of the expansion of the Federal Network. The data were collected from 12 indicators presented in management reports of 38 Federal Institutes through years 2007 to 2011 to evaluate the performances using descriptive statistical techniques. The indicators were analyzed in both consolidated and open manners by the following perspectives: country region, growth of instruction units and institutions origin. Was also performed a multivariate analysis of clusters in order to identify excellence groups of Institutes. The results showed differences in the expansion plan s development among Brazilian regions, both in terms of infrastructure and academic indicators, with better results in the Midwest and South, and that there are differentiated profiles of institutes as its origin, where the best quality indicators occur in those originated by integration of different educational institutions. Still, were identified two excellence groups, with emphasis on academic management, human resources and expansion

A gestão de empreendimentos da agricultura familiar e os impactos para a sustentabilidade: um estudo de caso na rede xique xique

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Protocolo multiciclos para automação hospitalar sobre Multicast com IEEE 802.3 utilizando

The concepts of the industrial automation are being incorporated in the medical area, in other words, they also pass to be applied in the hospital automation. In this sense, researches have been developed and have usually been approached several of the problems that are pertinent to the processes that can be automated in the hospital environment. Considering that in the automation processes, an imperative factor is the communication, because the systems are usually distributed, the network for data transference becomes itself an important point in these processes. Because this network should be capable to provide the exchange of data and to guarantee the demands that are imposed by the automation process. In this context, this doctorate thesis proposed, specified, analyzed and validated the Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation (MP-HA), which is customized to assist the demands in these automation processes, seeking to guarantee the determinism in the communications and to optimize the factor of use of the mean of transmission

Um protocolo de comunicação multicast na camada de aplicação com Consciência de Localização

Internet applications such as media streaming, collaborative computing and massive multiplayer are on the rise,. This leads to the need for multicast communication, but unfortunately group communications support based on IP multicast has not been widely adopted due to a combination of technical and non-technical problems. Therefore, a number of different application-layer multicast schemes have been proposed in recent literature to overcome the drawbacks. In addition, these applications often behave as both providers and clients of services, being called peer-topeer applications, and where participants come and go very dynamically. Thus, servercentric architectures for membership management have well-known problems related to scalability and fault-tolerance, and even peer-to-peer traditional solutions need to have some mechanism that takes into account member's volatility. The idea of location awareness distributes the participants in the overlay network according to their proximity in the underlying network allowing a better performance. Given this context, this thesis proposes an application layer multicast protocol, called LAALM, which takes into account the actual network topology in the assembly process of the overlay network. The membership algorithm uses a new metric, IPXY, to provide location awareness through the processing of local information, and it was implemented using a distributed shared and bi-directional tree. The algorithm also has a sub-optimal heuristic to minimize the cost of membership process. The protocol has been evaluated in two ways. First, through an own simulator developed in this work, where we evaluated the quality of distribution tree by metrics such as outdegree and path length. Second, reallife scenarios were built in the ns-3 network simulator where we evaluated the network protocol performance by metrics such as stress, stretch, time to first packet and reconfiguration group time

Uma arquitetura baseada em agentes para configuração dinâmica de aplicações inteligentes em ambiente foundation fieldbus

The industrial automation is directly linked to the development of information tecnology. Better hardware solutions, as well as improvements in software development methodologies make possible the rapid growth of the productive process control. In this thesis, we propose an architecture that will allow the joining of two technologies in hardware (industrial network) and software field (multiagent systems). The objective of this proposal is to join those technologies in a multiagent architecture to allow control strategies implementations in to field devices. With this, we intend develop an agents architecture to detect and solve problems which may occur in the industrial network environment. Our work ally machine learning with industrial context, become proposed multiagent architecture adaptable to unfamiliar or unexpected production environment. We used neural networks and presented an allocation strategies of these networks in industrial network field devices. With this we intend to improve decision support at plant level and allow operations human intervention independent

Group Sequential Communication (GSC): Especificação e Análise de Desempenho de umMecanismo de Comunicação de Tempo Real Compatível ao Padrão IEEE 802.11/11e Aplicado à Automação Industrial

This thesis proposes the specification and performance analysis of a real-time communication mechanism for IEEE 802.11/11e standard. This approach is called Group Sequential Communication (GSC). The GSC has a better performance for dealing with small data packets when compared to the HCCA mechanism by adopting a decentralized medium access control using a publish/subscribe communication scheme. The main objective of the thesis is the HCCA overhead reduction of the Polling, ACK and QoS Null frames exchanged between the Hybrid Coordinator and the polled stations. The GSC eliminates the polling scheme used by HCCA scheduling algorithm by using a Virtual Token Passing procedure among members of the real-time group to whom a high-priority and sequential access to communication medium is granted. In order to improve the reliability of the mechanism proposed into a noisy channel, it is presented an error recovery scheme called second chance algorithm. This scheme is based on block acknowledgment strategy where there is a possibility of retransmitting when missing real-time messages. Thus, the GSC mechanism maintains the real-time traffic across many IEEE 802.11/11e devices, optimized bandwidth usage and minimal delay variation for data packets in the wireless network. For validation purpose of the communication scheme, the GSC and HCCA mechanisms have been implemented in network simulation software developed in C/C++ and their performance results were compared. The experiments show the efficiency of the GSC mechanism, especially in industrial communication scenarios.

Técnicas de simplificação de redes e otimização multiobjetivo para análise de variações de tensão em regime permanente provocadas por parques eólicos integrados ao sistema elétrico

This study presents a description of the development model of a representation of simplified grid applied in hybrid load flow for calculation of the voltage variations in a steady-state caused by the wind farm on power system. Also, it proposes an optimal load-flow able to control power factor on connection bar and to minimize the loss. The analysis process on system, led by the wind producer, it has as base given technician supplied by the grid. So, the propose model to the simplification of the grid that allows the necessity of some knowledge only about the data referring the internal network, that is, the part of the network that interests in the analysis. In this way, it is intended to supply forms for the auxiliary in the systematization of the relations between the sector agents. The model for simplified network proposed identifies the internal network, external network and the buses of boulders from a study of vulnerability of the network, attributing them floating liquid powers attributing slack models. It was opted to apply the presented model in Newton-Raphson and a hybrid load flow, composed by The Gauss-Seidel method Zbarra and Summation Power. Finally, presents the results obtained to a developed computational environment of SCILAB and FORTRAN, with their respective analysis and conclusion, comparing them with the ANAREDE

Seleção seqüencial de descritores por análise da semântica para recuperação de imagens baseada no conteúdo

With the rapid growth of databases of various types (text, multimedia, etc..), There exist a need to propose methods for ordering, access and retrieve data in a simple and fast way. The images databases, in addition to these needs, require a representation of the images so that the semantic content characteristics are considered. Accordingly, several proposals such as the textual annotations based retrieval has been made. In the annotations approach, the recovery is based on the comparison between the textual description that a user can make of images and descriptions of the images stored in database. Among its drawbacks, it is noted that the textual description is very dependent on the observer, in addition to the computational effort required to describe all the images in database. Another approach is the content based image retrieval - CBIR, where each image is represented by low-level features such as: color, shape, texture, etc. In this sense, the results in the area of CBIR has been very promising. However, the representation of the images semantic by low-level features is an open problem. New algorithms for the extraction of features as well as new methods of indexing have been proposed in the literature. However, these algorithms become increasingly complex. So, doing an analysis, it is natural to ask whether there is a relationship between semantics and low-level features extracted in an image? and if there is a relationship, which descriptors better represent the semantic? which leads us to a new question: how to use descriptors to represent the content of the images?. The work presented in this thesis, proposes a method to analyze the relationship between low-level descriptors and semantics in an attempt to answer the questions before. Still, it was observed that there are three possibilities of indexing images: Using composed characteristic vectors, using parallel and independent index structures (for each descriptor or set of them) and using characteristic vectors sorted in sequential order. Thus, the first two forms have been widely studied and applied in literature, but there were no records of the third way has even been explored. So this thesis also proposes to index using a sequential structure of descriptors and also the order of these descriptors should be based on the relationship that exists between each descriptor and semantics of the users. Finally, the proposed index in this thesis revealed better than the traditional approachs and yet, was showed experimentally that the order in this sequence is important and there is a direct relationship between this order and the relationship of low-level descriptors with the semantics of the users

Desenvolvimento de antenas de microfita e antenas DRA Broadband

The search for ever smaller device and without loss of performance has been increasingly investigated by researchers involving applied electromagnetics. Antennas using ceramics materials with a high dielectric constant, whether acting as a substract element of patch radiating or as the radiant element are in evidence in current research, that due to the numerous advantages offered, such as: low profile, ability to reduce the its dimensions when compared to other devices, high efficiency of ratiation, suitability the microwave range and/or millimeter wave, low temperature coefficient and low cost. The reason for this high efficiency is that the dielectric losses of ceramics are very low when compared to commercially materials sold used in printed circuit boards, such as fiberglass and phenolite. These characteristics make ceramic devices suitable for operation in the microwave band. Combining the design of patch antennas and/or dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to certain materials and the method of synthesis of these powders in the manufacture of devices, it s possible choose a material with a dielectric constant appropriate for the design of an antenna with the desired size. The main aim of this work is the design of patch antennas and DRA antennas on synthesis of ceramic powders (synthesis by combustion and polymeric precursors - Pe- chini method) nanostructured with applications in the microwave band. The conventional method of mix oxides was also used to obtain nanometric powders for the preparation of tablets and dielectric resonators. The devices manufactured and studied on high dielectric constant materials make them good candidates to have their small size compared to other devices operating at the same frequency band. The structures analyzed are excited by three different techniques: i) microstrip line, ii) aperture coupling and iii) inductive coupling. The efficiency of these techniques have been investigated experimentally and compared with simulations by Ansoft HFSS, used in the accurate analysis of the electromagnetic behavior of antennas over the finite element method (FEM). In this thesis a literature study on the theory of microstrip antennas and DRA antenna is performed. The same study is performed about the materials and methods of synthesis of ceramic powders, which are used in the manufacture of tablets and dielectric cylinders that make up the devices investigated. The dielectric media which were used to support the analysis of the DRA and/or patch antennas are analyzed using accurate simulations using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) based on the relative electrical permittivity (er) and loss tangent of these means (tand). This work also presents a study on artificial neural networks, showing the network architecture used and their characteristics, as well as the training algorithms that were used in training and modeling some parameters associated with the devices investigated

Técnicas de inteligência artificial para a geração dinâmica de set points para uma coluna de destilação

Artificial Intelligence techniques are applied to improve performance of a simulated oil distillation system. The chosen system was a debutanizer column. At this process, the feed, which comes to the column, is segmented by heating. The lightest components become steams, by forming the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). The others components, C5+, continue liquid. In the composition of the LPG, ideally, we have only propane and butanes, but, in practice, there are contaminants, for example, pentanes. The objective of this work is to control pentane amount in LPG, by means of intelligent set points (SP s) determination for PID controllers that are present in original instrumentation (regulatory control) of the column. A fuzzy system will be responsible for adjusting the SP's, driven by the comparison between the molar fraction of the pentane present in the output of the plant (LPG) and the desired amount. However, the molar fraction of pentane is difficult to measure on-line, due to constraints such as: long intervals of measurement, high reliability and low cost. Therefore, an inference system was used, based on a multilayer neural network, to infer the pentane molar fraction through secondary variables of the column. Finally, the results shown that the proposed control system were able to control the value of pentane molar fraction under different operational situations

Controle Adaptativo Robusto para Filtros Ativos de Potência Paralelo

Conventional control strategies used in shunt active power filters (SAPF) employs real-time instantaneous harmonic detection schemes which is usually implements with digital filters. This increase the number of current sensors on the filter structure which results in high costs. Furthermore, these detection schemes introduce time delays which can deteriorate the harmonic compensation performance. Differently from the conventional control schemes, this paper proposes a non-standard control strategy which indirectly regulates the phase currents of the power mains. The reference currents of system are generated by the dc-link voltage controller and is based on the active power balance of SAPF system. The reference currents are aligned to the phase angle of the power mains voltage vector which is obtained by using a dq phase locked loop (PLL) system. The current control strategy is implemented by an adaptive pole placement control strategy integrated to a variable structure control scheme (VS-APPC). In the VS-APPC, the internal model principle (IMP) of reference currents is used for achieving the zero steady state tracking error of the power system currents. This forces the phase current of the system mains to be sinusoidal with low harmonics content. Moreover, the current controllers are implemented on the stationary reference frame to avoid transformations to the mains voltage vector reference coordinates. This proposed current control strategy enhance the performance of SAPF with fast transient response and robustness to parametric uncertainties. Experimental results are showing for determining the effectiveness of SAPF proposed control system

Software inteligente embarcado aplicado à correção de erro na medição de vazão em gás natural

This study developed software rotines, in a system made basically from a processor board producer of signs and supervisory, wich main function was correcting the information measured by a turbine gas meter. This correction is based on the use of an intelligent algorithm formed by an artificial neural net. The rotines were implemented in the habitat of the supervisory as well as in the habitat of the DSP and have three main itens: processing, communication and supervision

Um algoritmo para estimação de estado em alimentadores de distribuição de energia elétrica com base no método da soma de potências

Most algorithms for state estimation based on the classical model are just adequate for use in transmission networks. Few algorithms were developed specifically for distribution systems, probably because of the little amount of data available in real time. Most overhead feeders possess just current and voltage measurements at the middle voltage bus-bar at the substation. In this way, classical algorithms are of difficult implementation, even considering off-line acquired data as pseudo-measurements. However, the necessity of automating the operation of distribution networks, mainly in regard to the selectivity of protection systems, as well to implement possibilities of load transfer maneuvers, is changing the network planning policy. In this way, some equipments incorporating telemetry and command modules have been installed in order to improve operational features, and so increasing the amount of measurement data available in real-time in the System Operation Center (SOC). This encourages the development of a state estimator model, involving real-time information and pseudo-measurements of loads, that are built from typical power factors and utilization factors (demand factors) of distribution transformers. This work reports about the development of a new state estimation method, specific for radial distribution systems. The main algorithm of the method is based on the power summation load flow. The estimation is carried out piecewise, section by section of the feeder, going from the substation to the terminal nodes. For each section, a measurement model is built, resulting in a nonlinear overdetermined equations set, whose solution is achieved by the Gaussian normal equation. The estimated variables of a section are used as pseudo-measurements for the next section. In general, a measurement set for a generic section consists of pseudo-measurements of power flows and nodal voltages obtained from the previous section or measurements in real-time, if they exist -, besides pseudomeasurements of injected powers for the power summations, whose functions are the load flow equations, assuming that the network can be represented by its single-phase equivalent. The great advantage of the algorithm is its simplicity and low computational effort. Moreover, the algorithm is very efficient, in regard to the accuracy of the estimated values. Besides the power summation state estimator, this work shows how other algorithms could be adapted to provide state estimation of middle voltage substations and networks, namely Schweppes method and an algorithm based on current proportionality, that is usually adopted for network planning tasks. Both estimators were implemented not only as alternatives for the proposed method, but also looking for getting results that give support for its validation. Once in most cases no power measurement is performed at beginning of the feeder and this is required for implementing the power summation estimations method, a new algorithm for estimating the network variables at the middle voltage bus-bar was also developed

Análise neurocomputacional de Antenas de microfita multibanda para sistemas de comunicação sem fio

This work presents a study of implementation procedures for multiband microstrip patch antennas characterization, using on wireless communication systems. An artificial neural network multilayer perceptron is used to locate the bands of operational frequencies of the antenna for different geometrics configurations. The antenna is projected, simulated and tested in laboratory. The results obtained are compared in order to validate the performance of archetypes that resulted in a good one agreement in metric terms. The neurocomputationals procedures developed can be extended to other electromagnetic structures of wireless communications systems