Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

Poor water quality condition has been pointed out as one of the major causes for the high mortality of ornamental fishes exported from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to define water quality standards for cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), by establishing the lower and higher for lethal temperature (LT50), lethal concentration (LC50) for total ammonia and nitrite and LC50 for acid and alkaline pH. According to the findings, cardinal tetra is rather tolerant to high temperature (33.3 ºC), to a wide pH range (acid pH=2.9 and alkaline pH=8.8) and to high total ammonia concentration (23.7 mg/L). However, temperatures below 19.6 ºC and nitrite concentrations above 1.1 mg/L NO2- may compromise fish survival especially during long shipment abroad.

Effects of light and temperature on isoprene emission at different leaf developmental stages of eschweilera coriacea in central Amazon

Isoprene emission from plants accounts for about one third of annual global volatile organic compound emissions. The largest source of isoprene for the global atmosphere is the Amazon Basin. This study aimed to identify and quantify the isoprene emission and photosynthesis at different levels of light intensity and leaf temperature, in three phenological phases (young mature leaf, old mature leaf and senescent leaf) of Eschweilera coriacea (Matamatá verdadeira), the species with the widest distribution in the central Amazon. In situ photosynthesis and isoprene emission measurements showed that young mature leaf had the highest rates at all light intensities and leaf temperatures. Additionally, it was observed that isoprene emission capacity (Es) changed considerably over different leaf ages. This suggests that aging leads to a reduction of both leaf photosynthetic activity and isoprene production and emission. The algorithm of Guenther et al. (1999) provided good fits to the data when incident light was varied, however differences among E S of all leaf ages influenced on quantic yield predicted by model. When leaf temperature was varied, algorithm prediction was not satisfactory for temperature higher than ~40 °C; this could be because our data did not show isoprene temperature optimum up to 45 °C. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of the isoprene functional role in protecting plants from high temperatures and highlight the need to include leaf phenology effects in isoprene emission models.

Development of a thermoelectric generator for the exhaust of a vehicle

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Titanium oxide adhesion layer for high temperature annealed Si/Si3N4/TiOx/Pt/LiCoO2 battery structures

This work describes the influence of a high annealing temperature of about 700C on the Si(substrate)/Si3N4/TiOx/Pt/LiCoO2 multilayer system for the fabrication of all-solid-state lithium ion thin film microbatteries. Such microbatteries typically utilize lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as cathode material with a platinum (Pt) current collector. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is used to act as a barrier against Li diffusion into the substrate. For a good adherence between Si3N4 and Pt, commonly titanium (Ti) is used as intermediate layer. However, to achieve crystalline LiCoO2 the multilayer system has to be annealed at high temperature. This post-treatment initiates Ti diffusion into the Pt-collector and an oxidation to TiOx, leading to volume expansion and adhesion failures. To solve this adhesion problem, we introduce titanium oxide (TiOx) as an adhesion layer, avoiding the diffusion during the annealing process. LiCoO2, Pt and Si3N4 layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering and the TiOx layer by thermal oxidation of Ti layers deposited by e-beam technique. Asdeposited and annealed multilayer systems using various TiOx layer thicknesses were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that an annealing process at temperature of 700C leads to different interactions of Ti atoms between the layers, for various TiOx layer thicknesses (25–45 nm).

Singularities of the dynamical structure factors of the spin-1/2 XXX chain at finite magnetic field

We study the longitudinal and transverse spin dynamical structure factors of the spin-1/2 XXX chain at finite magnetic field h, focusing in particular on the singularities at excitation energies in the vicinity of the lower thresholds. While the static properties of the model can be studied within a Fermi-liquid like description in terms of pseudoparticles, our derivation of the dynamical properties relies on the introduction of a form of the ‘pseudofermion dynamical theory’ (PDT) of the 1D Hubbard model suitably modified for the spin-only XXX chain and other models with two pseudoparticle Fermi points. Specifically, we derive the exact momentum and spin-density dependences of the exponents ζτ(k) controlling the singularities for both the longitudinal  and transverse (τ = t) dynamical structure factors for the whole momentum range  , in the thermodynamic limit. This requires the numerical solution of the integral equations that define the phase shifts in these exponents expressions. We discuss the relation to neutron scattering and suggest new experiments on spin-chain compounds using a carefully oriented crystal to test our predictions.

On the temperature dependence of the absorption cross section for black holes in string theory

We study the low frequency absorption cross section of spherically symmetric nonextremal d-dimensional black holes. In the presence of α′ corrections, this quantity must have an explicit dependence on the Hawking temperature of the form 1/TH. This property of the low frequency absorption cross section is shared by the D1-D5 system from type IIB superstring theory already at the classical level, without α′ corrections. We apply our formula to the simplest example, the classical d-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr¨om solution, checking that the obtained formula for the cross section has a smooth extremal limit. We also apply it for a d-dimensional Tangherlini-like solution with α′3 corrections.

Absorption of scalars by nonextremal charged black holes in string theory

We analyze the low frequency absorption cross section of minimally coupled massless scalar fields by different kinds of charged static black holes in string theory, namely the D1–D5 system in d=5 and a four dimensional dyonic four-charged black hole. In each case we show that this cross section always has the form of some parameter of the solution divided by the black hole Hawking temperature. We also verify in each case that, despite its explicit temperature dependence, such quotient is finite in the extremal limit, giving a well defined cross section. We show that this precise explicit temperature dependence also arises in the same cross section for black holes with string \alpha' corrections: it is actually induced by them.

Finite integration methods for isospectral flows

In this paper we consider the approximate computation of isospectral flows based on finite integration methods( FIM) with radial basis functions( RBF) interpolation,a new algorithm is developed. Our method ensures the symmetry of the solutions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the solutions have higher accuracy by our algorithm than by the second order Runge- Kutta( RK2) method.

Optimization of magnetoelectric composites based on electroactive polymers for energy harvesting and sensor application

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia de Materiais.

Blow-up and finite time extinction for p(x, t)-curl systems arising in electromagnetism

"Available online 22 March 2016"

An investigation into the temperature distribution resulting from cutting of compact bone using a reciprocating bone saw

Surgical procedures such as osteotomy and hip replacement involve the cutting of bone with the aid of various manual and powered cutting instruments including manual and powered bone saws. The basic mechanics of bone sawing processes are consistent with most other material sawing processes such as for wood or metal. Frictional rubbing between the blade of the saw and the bone results in the generation of localised heating of the cut bone. Research studies have been carried out which consider the design of the bone saw which deals with specifics of the saw teeth geometry and research which examines the effect of drilling operations on heating of the bone has shown that elevated temperatures will occur from frictional overheating. This overheating in localised areas is known to have an impact on the rate of healing of the bone post operation and the sharpness life of the blade. The purpose of this study was to measure the temperature at three zones at fixed intervals of 3mm, 6mm, and 9mm away from the cutting zone. It should be noted that it was the first time that this measurement technique was used to measure the temperature gradient through the bone specimen thereby establishing the extent to which clinicians are experiencing thermal injury during sawing of bone while using a reciprocating saw. The effect of various cutting feed rate on temperature elevation was also investigated in this research. The results showed that there will be a region of bone at least 9mm either side of the cutting blade experiencing thermal injury as temperatures in this region exceeded the threshold temperature of 44°C for necrosis (cell death).

Comparative Analysis of Air Equivalent - Effective Temperature in Some Cities of Georgia and Brazil

მოყვანილია ექვივალენტურ-ეფექტური ტემპერატურის საშუალოთვიური მნიშვნელობების ფარდობითი ანალიზი საქართველოსა და ბრაზილიის (ალაგოასის შტატი) 8 ქალაქისათვის.

Numerical simulations of Lamb waves in plates using a semi-analytical finite element method

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2011

Lösbarkeit und Finite-Elemente-Approximation eines mathematischen Modells für die Strömung in Magnetfluiddichtungen

Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen, Gleitrandbedingung, Konvektions-Diffusions-Gleichung, Finite-Elemente-Methode, Mehrgitterverfahren, Fehlerabschätzung, Iterative Entkopplung