Caracterização de uma floresta estacional semidecidual em Varginha, MG. E comparação com remanescentes da região.

Foi realizado o levantamento florístico e fitossociológico na porção mais extensa de mata no Parque Florestal Municipal São Francisco de Assis, na cidade de Varginha, sul de Minas Gerais. A área tem cerca de 10 ha e é cortada por um pequeno córrego. Foram lançadas 25 parcelas de 20m x 20m e medidos e cadastrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com DAP > 5cm. Foram encontrados 1568 indivíduos que, juntos, somaram área basal de 23,65 m2, sendo registrados 102 espécies, 72 gêneros e 42 famílias no levantamento fitossociológico e 111 espécies, 77 gêneros e 43 famílias no levantamento florístico. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Myrtaceae, Fabaceae e Melastomataceae. As espécies de maior valor de importância foram Casearia arborea, Copaifera langsdorffii, Tachigali rugosa e Myrcia splendens. Os resultados encontrados são os esperados para as Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais da região.

Chest associated to motor physiotherapy improves cardiovascular variables in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome

Background We aimed to evaluate the effects of chest and motor physiotherapy treatment on hemodynamic variables in preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Methods We evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), temperature and oxygen saturation (SO2%) in 44 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. We compared all variables between before physiotherapy treatment vs. after the last physiotherapy treatment. Newborns were treated during 11 days. Variables were measured 2 minutes before and 5 minutes after each physiotherapy treatment. We applied paired Student t test to compare variables between the two periods. Results HR (148.5 ± 8.5 bpm vs. 137.1 ± 6.8 bpm - p < 0.001), SAP (72.3 ± 11.3 mmHg vs. 63.6 ± 6.7 mmHg - p = 0.001) and MAP (57.5 ± 12 mmHg vs. 47.7 ± 5.8 mmHg - p = 0.001) were significantly reduced after 11 days of physiotherapy treatment compared to before the first session. There were no significant changes regarding RR, temperature, DAP and SO2%. Conclusions Chest and motor physiotherapy improved cardiovascular parameters in respiratory distress syndrome newborns.

Efeito da idade e posição de amostragem na densidade e características anatômicas da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis

O conhecimento das variações das características da madeira produzida pelas árvores de eucalipto em função da idade e posição no tronco é fundamental para o seu uso adequado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da idade e das posições longitudinal na densidade básica e radial nas características anatômicas do lenho das árvores de Eucalyptus grandis plantadas no espaçamento 3x2 m e fertilizadas com adubação comercial no plantio, 6º, 12° mês. Foram selecionadas, de acordo com a distribuição de área basal, quinze árvores de eucalipto com 24, 36 e 72 meses de idade, sendo 5 árvores/idade, e cortados discos do lenho a 1,30 m da altura do solo (DAP) para as determinações das dimensões das fibras (comprimento, espessura da parede, diâmetro do lume e largura total) e vasos (diâmetro tangencial, frequência e área ocupada) e em diferentes alturas fixas do tronco para a determinação da densidade básica. A densidade básica do lenho aumentou de 0,43 g.cm-3 para 0,46 g.cm-3 com o avanço da idade das árvores, apresentando um modelo de variação longitudinal, comum as três idades, caracterizado pelo decréscimo da base-3m (0,42-0,49 g.cm-3 0,40-0,46 g.cm-3) e posterior aumento até a extremidade (0,46 g.cm-3 0,54 g.cm-3) do tronco. As dimensões das fibras e dos vasos apresentaram variações tanto em relação à idade quanto no sentido medula-casca. O comportamento e as variações das características do lenho das árvores de eucalipto indicam que o meristema cambial está formando, até este período, o lenho denominado de juvenil.

Los manglares de la costa brasileña: revision preliminar de la literatura

Los manglares ocurren intermitentemente a lo largo del litoral brasileño desde Cabo Orange (4°21'N) en Amapá hasta la ciudad de Laguna (28°30'S). En este trabajo se sugiere la división del litoral en 7 trechos que comparten características geomorfológicas y rangos de condiciones meteorológicas similares. Estes trechos son: Litoral Guianense, Golfão Amazónico, Litoral de Ponta Coruçá a Ponta Mangues Secos, Litoral de Ponta Mangues Secos al Cabo Calcanhar, Litoral del Cabo Calcanhar al Recôncavo Baiano, Litoral Oriental y Costa Cristalina. El mayor desarrollo del manglar ocurre en los trechos Guianense y del Gofão Amazónico. Los manglares se desarrollhan por todo el litoral aún en los sectores donde la precipitación es en el orden de 500 mm/año. En las costas expuestas se desarrolla en las áreas anegadas detrás de medanos, canales, lagunas y márgenes de los estuarios, penetrando en ocasiones 30-40 km. Coloniza además las márgenes de las grandes bahías hasta los 28°30'S donde la temperatura anual es de 19.6°C y la temperatura media del mes más frío es de 15.7°C. En el trecho del Litoral Cristalino, el manglar alcanza su límite latitudinal en el estado de Santa Catarina. Rhizophora alcanza 27°53'S mientras que Avicennia continúa hasta los 28°30'S en Laguna. En la isla de Santa Catarina se encuentran manglares bien desarrollados dominados por Avicennia. Estos manglares alcanzan un porte promedio de 7.0 ± 0.4 m, tienen un DAP de 17.9 cm, densidades totales (≥ 2.5 cm) de 431 ± 93 árboles/ha y áreas basimétricas (≥ 2.5 cm) de 7.42 ± 0.80 m2/ha. Las áreas basimétricas bajas se deben al dominio de los rodales por pocos ejemplares de diámetros moderados. Debido a estas bajas densidades, la copa es rala y los bosques son extremadamente abiertos

NMR studies on supramolecular aggregates in solution and the solid state

The aim of this work presented here is the characterization of structure and dynamics of different types of supramolecular systems by advanced NMR spectroscopy. One of the characteristic features of NMR spectroscopy is based on its high selectivity. Thus, it is desirable to exploit this technique for studying structure and dynamics of large supramolecular systems without isotopic enrichment. The observed resonance frequencies are not only isotope specific but also influenced by local fields, in particular by the distribution of electron density around the investigated nucleus. Barbituric acid are well known for forming strongly hydrogen-bonded complexes with variety of adenine derivatives. The prototropic tautomerism of this material facilitates an adjustment to complementary bases containing a DDA(A = hydrogen bond acceptor site, D = hydrogen bond donor site) or ADA sequences, thereby yielding strongly hydrogen-bonded complexes. In this contribution solid-state structures of the enolizable chromophor "1-n-butyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-barbituric acid" that features adjustable hydrogen-bonding properties and the molecular assemblies with three different strength of bases (Proton sponge, adenine mimetic 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and 2,6-diacetamidopyridine (DAC)) are studied. Diffusion NMR spectroscopy gives information over such interactions and has become the method of choice for measuring the diffusion coefficient, thereby reflecting the effective size and shape of a molecular species. In this work the investigation of supramolecular aggregates in solution state by means of DOSY NMR techniques are performed. The underlying principles of DOSY NMR experiment are discussed briefly and more importantly two applications demonstrating the potential of this method are focused on. Calix[n]arenes have gained a rather prominent position, both as host materials and as platforms to design specific receptors. In this respect, several different capsular contents of tetra urea calix[4]arenes (benzene, benzene-d6, 1-fluorobenzene, 1-fluorobenzene-d5, 1,4-difluorobenzene, and cobaltocenium) are studied by solid state NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, the study of the interaction between tetra urea calix[4]arenes and guest is simplified by the fact that the guests molecule remains complexed and positioned within the cavity, thus allowing a more direct investigation of the host-guest interactions.

Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47

Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Membrane disrupting antimicrobial peptide dendrimers with multiple amino termini

Antimicrobial peptide dendrimer H1 Leu8(Lys-Leu)4(Lys-Phe)2Lys-LysNH2 (Lys = branching lysine) was identified by screening a 6750-membered combinatorial library by the bead-diffusion assay. Sequence variations also revealed dendrimer bH1 Leu8(Dap-Leu)4(Dap-Phe)2Dap-LysNH2 (Dap = branching 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid) as a more potent analog. H1 and bH1 showed good antimicrobial activities mediated by membrane disruption (MIC = 2–4 μg mL−1 on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) but low hemolytic activity (MHC = 310 μg mL−1 respectively >2000 μg mL−1).

THE POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND AGRICULTURAL FEEDSTOCK TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS PRODUCTION: TECHNO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PERSPECTIVES

This Ph.D. research is comprised of three major components; (i) Characterization study to analyze the composition of defatted corn syrup (DCS) from a dry corn mill facility (ii) Hydrolysis experiments to optimize the production of fermentable sugars and amino acid platform using DCS and (iii) Sustainability analyses. Analyses of DCS included total solids, ash content, total protein, amino acids, inorganic elements, starch, total carbohydrates, lignin, organic acids, glycerol, and presence of functional groups. Total solids content was 37.4% (± 0.4%) by weight, and the mass balance closure was 101%. Total carbohydrates [27% (± 5%) wt.] comprised of starch (5.6%), soluble monomer carbohydrates (12%) and non-starch carbohydrates (10%). Hemicellulose components (structural and non-structural) were; xylan (6%), xylose (1%), mannan (1%), mannose (0.4%), arabinan (1%), arabinose (0.4%), galatactan (3%) and galactose (0.4%). Based on the measured physical and chemical components, bio-chemical conversion route and subsequent fermentation to value added products was identified as promising. DCS has potential to serve as an important fermentation feedstock for bio-based chemicals production. In the sugar hydrolysis experiments, reaction parameters such as acid concentration and retention time were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions to maximize monomer sugar yields while keeping the inhibitors at minimum. Total fermentable sugars produced can reach approximately 86% of theoretical yield when subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (DAP). DAP followed by subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis was most effective for 0 wt% acid hydrolysate samples and least efficient towards 1 and 2 wt% acid hydrolysate samples. The best hydrolysis scheme DCS from an industry's point of view is standalone 60 minutes dilute acid hydrolysis at 2 wt% acid concentration. The combined effect of hydrolysis reaction time, temperature and ratio of enzyme to substrate ratio to develop hydrolysis process that optimizes the production of amino acids in DCS were studied. Four key hydrolysis pathways were investigated for the production of amino acids using DCS. The first hydrolysis pathway is the amino acid analysis using DAP. The second pathway is DAP of DCS followed by protein hydrolysis using proteases [Trypsin, Pronase E (Streptomyces griseus) and Protex 6L]. The third hydrolysis pathway investigated a standalone experiment using proteases (Trypsin, Pronase E, Protex 6L, and Alcalase) on the DCS without any pretreatment. The final pathway investigated the use of Accellerase 1500® and Protex 6L to simultaneously produce fermentable sugars and amino acids over a 24 hour hydrolysis reaction time. The 3 key objectives of the techno-economic analysis component of this PhD research included; (i) Development of a process design for the production of both the sugar and amino acid platforms with DAP using DCS (ii) A preliminary cost analysis to estimate the initial capital cost and operating cost of this facility (iii) A greenhouse gas analysis to understand the environmental impact of this facility. Using Aspen Plus®, a conceptual process design has been constructed. Finally, both Aspen Plus Economic Analyzer® and Simapro® sofware were employed to conduct the cost analysis as well as the carbon footprint emissions of this process facility respectively. Another section of my PhD research work focused on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of commonly used dairy feeds in the U.S. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions analysis was conducted for cultivation, harvesting, and production of common dairy feeds used for the production of dairy milk in the U.S. The goal was to determine the carbon footprint [grams CO2 equivalents (gCO2e)/kg of dry feed] in the U.S. on a regional basis, identify key inputs, and make recommendations for emissions reduction. The final section of my Ph.D. research work was an LCA of a single dairy feed mill located in Michigan, USA. The primary goal was to conduct a preliminary assessment of dairy feed mill operations and ultimately determine the GHG emissions for 1 kilogram of milled dairy feed.

Eluding antibiotic resistance: capitalizing on antimicrobial peptides interaction with the lipid bilayer

It is widely accepted that the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens is the result of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Infectious Disease Society of America, Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization continue to view, with concern, the lack of antibiotics in development, especially those against Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics due to their selective activity against microbes and minor ability to induce resistance. For example, the Food and Drug Administration approved Daptomycin (DAP) in 2003 for treatment of severe skin infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms. Currently, there are 12 to 15 examples of modified natural and synthetic AMPs in clinical development. But most of these agents are against Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, there is unmet medical need for antimicrobials used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we show that a pro-apoptotic peptide predominantly used in cancer therapy, (KLAKLAK)2, is an effective antimicrobial against Gram-negative laboratory strains and clinical isolates. Despite the therapeutic promise, AMPs development is hindered by their susceptibility to proteolysis. Here, we demonstrate that an all-D enantiomer of (KLAKLAK)2, resistant to proteolysis, retains its activity against Gram-negative pathogens. In addition, we have elucidated the specific site and mechanism of action of D(KLAKLAK)2 through a repertoire of whole-cell and membrane-model assays. Although it is considered that development of resistance does not represent an obstacle for AMPs clinical development, strains with decreased susceptibility to these compounds have been reported. Staphylococci resistance to DAP was observed soon after its approval for use and has been linked to alterations of the cell wall (CW) and cellular membrane (CM) properties. Immediately following staphylococcal resistance, Enterococci resistance to DAP was seen, yet the mechanism of resistance in enterococci remains unknown. Our findings demonstrate that, similar to S. aureus, development of DAP-resistance in a vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolate is associated with alterations of the CW and properties of the CM. However, the genes linked to these changes in enterococci appear to be different from those described in S. aureus.

Radiation dose in pneumatic reduction of ileo-colic intussusceptions--results from a single-institution study

BACKGROUND Air enema under fluoroscopy is a well-accepted procedure for the treatment of childhood intussusception. However, the reported radiation doses of pneumatic reduction with conventional fluoroscopy units have been high in decades past. OBJECTIVE To compare current radiation doses at our institution to past doses reported by others for fluoroscopic-guided pneumatic reduction of ileo-colic intussusception in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since 2007 radiologists and residents in our department who perform reduction of intussusceptions have received a radiation risk training. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 45 children (5 months-8 years) who underwent a total of 48 pneumatic reductions of ileo-colic intussusception between 2008 and 2012. We analyzed data for screening time and dose area product (DAP) and compared these data to those reported up to and including the year 2000. RESULTS Our mean screening time measured by the DAP-meter was 53.8 s (range 1-320 s, median 33.0 s). The mean DAP was 11.4 cGy ∙ cm(2) (range 1-145 cGy ∙ cm(2), median 5.45 cGy ∙ cm(2)). There was one bowel perforation, in a 1-year-old boy requiring surgical revision. Only three studies in the literature presented radiation exposure results on children who received pneumatic or hydrostatic reduction of intussusception under fluoroscopy. Screening times and dose area products in those studies, which were published in the 1990 s and in the year 2000, were substantially higher than those in our sample. CONCLUSION Low-frequency pulsed fluoroscopy and other dose-saving keys as well as the radiation risk training might have helped to improve the quality of the procedure in terms of radiation exposure.

VERIFICATION OF DNA PREDICTED PROTEIN SEQUENCES BY ENZYME HYDROLYSIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS

The focus of this thesis lies in the development of a sensitive method for the analysis of protein primary structure which can be easily used to confirm the DNA sequence of a protein's gene and determine the modifications which are made after translation. This technique involves the use of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP) and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (DCP) to hydrolyze the protein and the mass spectrometric analysis of the dipeptide products.^ Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase was purified from human lung tissue and characterized with respect to its proteolytic activity. The results showed that the enzyme has a relatively unrestricted specificity, making it useful for the analysis of the C-terminal of proteins. Most of the dipeptide products were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In order to analyze the peptides not hydrolyzed by DCP and DAP, as well as the dipeptides not identified by GC/MS, a FAB ion source was installed on a quadrupole mass spectrometer and its performance evaluated with a variety of compounds.^ Using these techniques, the sequences of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions and seven fragments of bacteriophage P22 tail protein have been verified. All of the dipeptides identified in these analysis were in the same DNA reading frame, thus ruling out the possibility of a single base being inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence. The verification of small sequences throughout the protein sequence also indicates that no large portions of the protein have been removed after translation. ^

Pollen and macroremains from sediment core Aschenhütte

The Upper Pleistocene sediments of the Aschenhütte sink-hole (west of Herzberg am Harz, Lower Saxony) enable one to make interesting correlations between palynological and geological results. The sequence is composed of limnic-telmatic deposits (Eemain to Lower Weichselian) and loess with paleosoils (Weichselian). Sedimentation started during the hornbeam-dominated phase of the Eemian interglacial period and continued throughout the Eemian, the Weichselian Brörup interstadial (sensu Andersen) and parts of the preceding and the following stadial phases, the Herning and the Rederstall stadials. As opposed to most of the known Eemian sites spruce was a major tree species during the hornbeam-dominated phase of the Eemian. The vegetational development during the interstadial phase does not show a period of climatic deterioration as is the case for the Brörup interstadial when considering regions with a more demanding vegetation or regions close to the natural boundaries of the tree species concerned. Pollen or seeds of Bruckenthalia and Picea omoricoides have not been found in the Aschenhütte cores. The limnic-telmatic sediments interlock with loess-paleosoils (Eemian soil and Lower Weichselian bleaching soils) at the lake shore. They are overlaid by loess paleosoils of the Stillfried-B interstadial (Hattorf soil and Lohne soil). Lake level fluctuations were determined by means of the facies distribution and isochrones as defined by pollen analysis. A relatively high stand of the lake level existed after the end of the Eemian interglacial and during the Brörup interstadial periods. In the course of the Herning stadial period the water level dropped, whereas during the Rederstall stadial phase the lake basin was covered by sediments and therefore dried up.

Comportamiento de Eucaliptus Sp. en Mendoza (Argentina)

Debido al interés de empresas siderúrgicas de Mendoza (Argentina) de contar con adecuada provisión de madera para sus plantas industriales, en el Instituto Forestal de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNCuyo) se produjeron plantas de Eucalyptus. sp. provenientes de semillas australianas y locales. Dichas plantas fueron llevadas a campo para evaluar su comportamiento en condiciones de cultivo bajo riego. El ensayo se realizó en Nueva California (Dpto. de San Martín, Mendoza), a 653 msnm, en suelos arenosos, profundos, sueltos, permeables y con poca capacidad de retención de agua. Se regó por aspersión con una lámina de 70 mm cada 10 días en verano y cada 20 en invierno. Las especies y procedencias ensayadas fueron: E. camaldulensis procedencias 15022, 15028, 15195, 15799 y local; E. badjensis procedencia 17127; E. intertexta procedencias 15095 y 15886; E. grandis procedencia 12081; E. fastigata procedencia 17126; E. johnstonii procedencia 15352; E. astringens procedencia 12842; E. amygdalina procedencia 12831; E. andrewsii ssp andrewsii procedencia 13037; E. regnans procedencia 12034; E. tereticornis procedencias 13301, 13304, 13309 y local; E. benthami procedencia 17347; E. sargentii procedencia 12406; E. viminalis procedencia 12884; E. globulus ssp. bicostata; E. sideroxylon de procedencia local; E. dalrympleana procedencias 13348 y 15273: E. cinerea procedencia 25 de Mayo (Buenos Aires) y E. leucoxylon de procedencia local. Se evaluó el comportamiento al primer año, expresado por el número de fallas producidas en cada 100 plantas. Las especies más promisorias fueron: E. camaldulensis procedencia 15022, E. camaldulensis procedencia 15799, E. camaldulensis procedencia 15195, E. tereticornis procedencia 13309 y E. camaldulensis de procedencia local, con menos del 30 % de fallas. Además, anualmente se tomaron los datos dasométricos de diámetro altura pecho (DAP) y altura total de cada una de las plantas. Al cuarto año, las especies más destacadas fueron: E. camaldulensis procedencias 15022, 15195 y local, todas ellas con diámetros entre 9 y 12 cm y alturas entre 7 y 9 m.

Comportamiento de coníferas bajo riego en Dique Yaucha : Mendoza, Argentina

La provincia de Mendoza, que se ubica en el Centro-Oeste de la República Argentina, posee una extensión de 150.830 km2. Prácticamente todas las actividades agropecuarias y forestales están concentradas en el 3% de su territorio que es posible irrigar. Al oeste, en el límite con la República de Chile, está la cadena montañosa que forma parte de la región fitogeográfica del Desierto Andino que se extiende por más de 500 km, con un ancho promedio de 100 km. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la supervivencia y el comportamiento de distintas especies de coníferas en zonas del piedemonte mendocino. Para ello se instaló una parcela experimental en el Dique Yaucha, ubicado en el Departamento de San Carlos a 34°00' S y 69°07' O, a una altura de 1213 msnm. Las especies del ensayo fueron: Pinus pinea L., Pinus halepensis Mill. y Cupressus arizonica Greene. Se llevaron plantas de aproximadamente 0,70 m de altura, que se instalaron a una distancia de plantación definitiva de 3 x 3 m y se regaron superficialmente por surcos. Se tomaron periódicamente datos dasométricos de diámetro altura de pecho (DAP) de todas las plantas, altura total de los árboles promedio de cada especie, registrándose además las fallas producidas y el estado sanitario. Los resultados obtenidos a la edad de 17 años son: Pinus pinea: diámetro promedio 17 cm, altura 6,60 m y 22,5% de fallas; Pinus halepensis: diámetro promedio 16 cm, altura 8,60 m y 12,2% de fallas; Cupressus arizonica: diámetro promedio 20 cm, altura 7,75 m y 18,1% de fallas. Es de destacar que P. pinea presenta el 6% de fustes bifurcados a baja altura. Todas las especies tienen un buen estado sanitario, no registrándose hasta la fecha plagas o enfermedades que hayan afectado el desarrollo del ensayo.

Comportamiento de clones de álamos en Barreal : San Juan, Argentina

Con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento de diferentes clones de álamos en el valle cordillerano de Barreal, ubicado en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina, en 1995 se instaló un ensayo con los siguientes clones: 7 Populus x canadensis: Cima, Fogolino, Giorgione, Schiavone, Conti 12, I-214, Veronese y 7 Populus x deltoides: Harvard, Fierolo, I-72, 67/67, 71/67, Catfish 2 y Catfish 5. El sitio se encuentra a 31°36'55'' S, 69°27'30'' W y una altura de 1.628 msnm. El suelo es aluvial, de textura franca con cantos rodados de tamaño medio a partir de los 70 cm de la superficie. El marco de plantación fue de 5 x 2,5 m y el riego superficial por surcos. Se tomaron periódicamente datos dasométricos del diámetro altura de pecho (DAP) de todos los individuos, y altura total de árboles de diámetro promedio de cada clon. Además se observó cada una de las plantas a fin de determinar la presencia o ausencia de cancrosis del álamo y taladrillo de los forestales. Los resultados a la fecha muestran que los clones con mayor producción de madera, expresada en m3/ha son: Schiavone, I-214, Veronese, Conti 12 y Giorgione.