A objetivação do controle concreto de constitucionalidade nas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal

The independence of the United States and the revolutions that emerged in Europe in the eighteenth century led to the birth of the written constitution, with a mission to limit the power of the State and to ensure fundamental rights to citizens. Thus, the Constitution has become the norm and ultimate founding of the State. Because of this superiority felt the need to protect her, emerging from that constitutional jurisdiction, taking control of constitutionality of provisions his main instrument. In Brazil, the constitutionality control began with the Constitution of 1891, when "imported" the American model, which is named after incidental diffuse model of judicial review. Indeed, allowed that any judge or court could declare the unconstitutionality of the law or normative act in a concrete case. However, the Brazilian Constituent did not bring the U.S. Institute of stare decisis, by which the precedents of higher courts eventually link the below. Because of this lack, each tribunal Brazilian freely decide about the constitutionality of a rule, so that the decision took effect only between the parties to the dispute. This prompted the emergence of conflicting decisions between judicantes organs, which ultimately undermine legal certainty and the image of the judiciary. As a solution to the problem, was incorporated from the 1934 Constitution to rule that the Senate would suspend the law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. With the introduction of abstract control of constitutionality, since 1965, the Supreme Court went on to also have the power to declare the invalidity of the provision unconstitutional, effectively against all without the need for the participation of the Senate. However, it remained the view that in case the Supreme Court declared the unconstitutionality of the fuzzy control law by the Senate would continue with the competence to suspend the law unconstitutional, thus the decision of the Praetorium Exalted restricted parties. The 1988 Constitution strengthened the abstract control expanding legitimized the Declaratory Action of Unconstitutionality and creating new mechanisms of abstract control. Adding to this, the Constitutional Amendment. No. 45/2004 brought the requirement of general repercussion and created the Office of Binding Precedent, both to be applied by the Supreme Court judgments in individual cases, thus causing an approximation between the control abstract and concrete constitutional. Saw themselves so that the Supreme Court, to be the guardian of the Constitution, its action should be directed to the trial of issues of public interest. In this new reality, it becomes more necessary the participation of the Senate to the law declared unconstitutional in fuzzy control by the Supreme Court can reach everyone, because such an interpretation has become obsolete. So, to adapt it to this reality, such a rule must be read in the sense that the Senate give publicity to the law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, since mutated constitutional

Os crimes de mídia no paradigma democrático constitucional

The criminal responsibility of the media is analyzed when the criteria for production of news and events involving public safety are produced without considering the technical, legal and ethical practice of journalism in the media factors. Freedom of speech, expression of thought, necessary for professional qualifications and constitutional limits, reaching criminal constitutional principles and the possibilities of criminal liability for offenses practiced in the media are present as key factors legal dialogue in this work. The judgment of the Supreme Court on the unconstitutionality of Law nº. 5.250/67 called Media Law caused a gap in the national legal system, forcing the use of the criminal code to address issues that involve crimes produced in media professional performance. The presumption of innocence is ignored by the professional media during a police investigation where the information published does not respect, including constitutional guarantees: the right to privacy, honor and image. The right to information and the duty to inform media are worked in its constitutional aspect, considering that the same information should be produced is guided by the quality and guiding principles of truth. The constitutional concept of media is presented as information with the appropriate language of the news media, produced and disseminated through the vehicles of mass media, whether in print or digital platform. The presented model of the legal right to information is outlined from a constitutional hermeneutics, increasing the production of news as a result of the occupation of journalist in different news platforms, guaranteeing the quality of this prolific law. Under the Freedom of professional activity of the journalist, the constitutional limits are addressed in line with the reality of (non) regulation of their profession, considering the constitutional abuses committed in the exercise of that activity linked to communication fences. Jusphilosophic field reaches the limits of the duty of truth in journalism as a tool for spreading news, respect the audience and compatibility with the constitutional state. Using the conceptual and doctrinal aspects, this criminal offense is parsed from the journalistic practice and the publication of news involving public safety, with the hypothetical field consummation of that crime through the eventual intention. As a form of judgment against these crimes produced in honor media presents the court of the jury as a legitimate form of democratic decision

O direito fundamental contra a autoincriminação: a análise a partir de uma teoria do Processo Penal Constitucional

The right against self-incrimination is a fundamental right that works in the criminal prosecution, and therefore deserves a study supported by the general theory of criminal procedure. The right has a vague origin, and despite the various historical accounts only arises when there is a criminal procedure structured that aims to limit the State´s duty-power to punish. The only system of criminal procedure experienced that reconciles with seal self-incrimination is the accusatory model. The inquisitorial model is based on the construction of a truth and obtaining the confession at any cost, and is therefore incompatible with the right in study. The consecration of the right arises with the importance that fundamental rights have come to occupy in the Democratic Constitutional States. In the Brazilian experience before 1988 was only possible to recognize that self-incrimination represented a procedural burden for accused persons. Despite thorough debate in the Constituent Assembly, the right remains consecrated in a textual formula that´s closer to the implementation made by the Supreme Court of the United States, known as "Miranda warnings", than the text of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established originally the right against self-incrimination with a constitutional status. However, the imprecise text does not prevent the consecration of the principle as a fundamental right in Brazilian law. The right against self-incrimination is a right that should be observed in the Criminal Procedure and relates to several of his canons, such as the the presumption of not guilty, the accusatory model, the distribution of the burden of proof, and especially the right of defense. Because it a fundamental right, the prohibition of self-incrimination deserves a proper study to her constitutional nature. For the definition of protected persons is important to build a material concept of accused, which is different of the formal concept over who is denounced on the prosecution. In the objective area of protection, there are two objects of protection of the norm: the instinct of self-preservation of the subject and the ability to self-determination. Configuring essentially a evidence rule in criminal procedure, the analysis of the case should be based on standards set previously to indicate respect for the right. These standard include the right to information of the accused, the right to counsel and respect the voluntary participation. The study of violations cases, concentrated on the element of voluntariness, starting from the definition of what is or is not a coercion violative of self-determination. The right faces new challenges that deserve attention, especially the fight against terrorism and organized crime that force the development of tools, resources and technologies about proves, methods increasingly invasive and hidden, and allow the use of information not only for criminal prosecution, but also for the establishment of an intelligence strategy in the development of national and public security

Valorização do magistério da educação básica no RN: participação do SINTE e do governo estadual na implementação do piso salarial profissional nacional na rede pública estadual no ano de 2009

This paper analyzes the policy of upgrading the teaching profession in relation to financing basic education, with a view to participation of the Union of Education Workers of Rio Grande do Norte - SINTE / RN and the state government in the implementation of Professional Base Salary the National Professional Teaching Public Basic Education - Law 11738/2008, the public state of Rio Grande do Norte. The participation of civil society, through the union movement presents itself as an important process of implementation of Professional Base Salary. The participation of SINTE / RN occurred since the fight to pass the plan, careers and Compensation (2006) until the implementation of the Base Salary (2009) highlighting the power relations established between the Union and State Government. To this end, there were actions such as public hearings and strikes by education professionals. In order to raise issues relevant to the issue of enhancement of teaching and participation of unions as a collective representation has been taken as a theoretical and methodological literature on the financing of basic education, enhancing teaching and participation as well as policy guidelines governing the career of teaching. Was used as a methodological procedure to document analysis and information gathering through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate the participation and the power relationship between the trade union movement and the state government in the implementation of the Base Salary. However, the current issues concerning the limitations of recovery of the teaching profession in order to implement the policy floor, not only merit of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but the decisions that have been taken by the Supreme Court (STF) relating to the unconstitutionality of Action (ADI) filed by five governors. This fact greatly reduced the possibility of recovery of the teaching of the state, considering that the government was limited to decisions of the Supreme Court. Therefore, the enhancement of teaching remains a challenge for the union movement

Constitucionalismo internacional: direitos humanos sob a ótica da globalização

The work presented here is the result of research on the issue of human rights in the face of conflicting issues such as the incorporation of international treaties, the sovereignty of states, globalization and multuculturalism. Specifically, we will investigate the origin of human rights, alongside his growing recognition, from the Revolutions until its completion in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The question, however, has become broader, when analyzed from the perspective of the internationalization of these rights as conditions and limits of democracy. Given the convergence on the reception of international treaties on human rights, we analyze a series of positions, including recent placements of the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Amendment n.45/2004. The study aims to review the classical concept of sovereignty, now within a new perspective based on the appearance of certain limitations of the state and a crisis in the face of the protection of human rights. We analyze the phenomenon of globalization in light of its complexity and its relation to sovereignty and human rights in pursuit of an expansion of democracy. The theme is consistent also with the line of contemporary constitutionalism, since their approach has a close connection with the issues of sovereignty and globalization, as well as a current relationship with the protection of human rights. The research aims to analyze the formation of a new society within a global vision of the constitutionalization of international law. It seeks to glimpse the invocacion model of foreign precedents and the possibility of dialogue betweem States as a way of protecting and enforcing the protection of human rights

An evaluative study of the implementation of domestic violence legislation: Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitss

Includes bibliography

Saúde entre o social, o científico e o jurídico: o abortamento de anencéfalos

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

A aplicação da modulação pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle da constitucionalidade

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Jogando com os precedentes: regras, analogias, princípios

Este artigo analisa decisões recentes do STF envolvendo a aplicação de súmulas vinculantes à luz de três concepções de precedentes, desenvolvidas por F. Schauer (precedentes como regras), C. Sunstein (precedentes como analogias) e R. Dworkin (precedentes como princípios). Após a exposição dos principais aspectos de cada uma dessas teorias baseadas, respectivamente, nos conceitos de generalizações enraizadas, acordos teóricos incompletos e romance em cadeia, e discute os fundamentos que elas podem oferecer para o uso de precedentes no direito brasileiro.

A exigibilidade judicial do direito fundamental à educação na Constituição Federal de 1988

O presente estudo tem como objeto analisar a efetividade do direito à educação na Constituição de 1988. Examina-se o conceito, a natureza, os custos (como a criação de reserva de fundos no FUNDEB e as designações sobre os percentuais a serem usados para a manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino pelas entidades federativas), o papel do Estado e da sociedade e os princípios constitucionais que regulam a implementação do direito à educação na realidade brasileira. A partir do postulado de que o Estado Social e Democrático de Direito é protetor dos direitos sociais, foi relevante considerar que os argumentos sobre o mínimo existencial e a escassez de recursos devem ser apreciados com o máximo de cuidado. Além disso, são analisadas duas decisões judiciais proferidas em dois casos concretos que foram levados ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, fenômeno denominado por maior parte da doutrina de “judicialização de políticas públicas”, trata-se do caso Santo André/SP e do caso Queimados/RJ. Por fim, as referidas decisões são analisadas conforme os princípios e valores constitucionais tendo sido concluído que as demandas coletivas de satisfação do direito à educação são prioritárias em relação as demandas individuais, embora ambas sejam exigíveis.

Parâmetros para justiciabilidade do direito social à saúde: o caso do estado do Pará

A partir do debate da chamada judicialização da saúde e seus impactos orçamentários e de planejamento das políticas públicas da área, a pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que o poder Judiciário deve buscar maior racionalização na tarefa de decidir este tipo de demanda, com a proposição de parâmetros/critérios racionais para tanto; buscando-se restabelecer o equilíbrio entre a faceta individual e coletiva do direito à saúde. Para tanto, uma abordagem constitucional e do direito sanitário é apresentada, sob o paradigma da medicina baseada em evidências. A jurisprudência do Suprermo Tribunal Federal sobre o direito social à saúde é exposta e sistematizada, enfatizando-se a Audiência Pública ocorrida em 2009 neste Tribunal. Procurando compreender de que forma e se este debate mais recente encontrou ecos na realidade regional e local, foi realizada pesquisa a acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará, julgados entre 2008 e 2011, comparando-se com a jurisprudência do Egrégio Tribunal e visando, igualmente, conhecer as características de tais demandas a partir dos seguintes critérios: espécie de autor, representação em juízo, doença de que padecem, objeto da demanda, espécie de ação interposta, perfil dos recorrentes e resultado da demanda, bem como os principais argumentos apresentados pelos atores presentes na dinâmica – autores, réus e magistrados. A partir da pesquisa empreendida, propõem-se parâmetros específicos para a justiciabilidade do direito objeto de estudo, a partir do referencial teórico do direito como integridade de Ronald Dworkin, restabelecendo-se a integração entre direito subjetivo público e direito coletivo, como complementares à natureza do direito à saúde.

Terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por índios: fundamentos para uma aplicação limitada da Súmula 650 do STF

O pluralismo é uma marca da democracia contemporânea e a Constituição de 1988 representou um importante avanço na proteção das diversidades no Brasil, consagrando a multiplicidade de idéias, culturas e etnias, e pressupondo o diálogo entre opiniões e pensamentos divergentes. Neste contexto, os povos indígenas adquiriram o direito à alteridade, ou seja, foram respeitadas as suas especificidades étnico-culturais, garantindo-lhes o direito de serem e permanecerem índios. A delimitação, a desintrusão e a proteção de um espaço territorial adequado para os diferentes povos indígenas são consideradas como uma condição essencial para a sobrevivência física e cultural desses grupos. O presente trabalho pretende, então, analisar a interpretação adotada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) na Súmula 650, acerca do termo “terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por índios” (CF/88 art. 231, §§ 1º e 2º), de forma a compreender o seu alcance e os seus limites de aplicação. Para tanto, inicialmente, foi reconstruído o itinerário do conceito nos julgados do STF, analisando-se as decisões que trataram do tema. O marco inicial é a Súmula 480 e seus precedentes e o final, a Súmula 650, com a análise dos casos que a conformaram. Como resultado, verificou-se que, nas decisões anteriores à Súmula 650, o Tribunal se afastou do conceito civil de posse para contemplar um conceito de posse indígena, no qual a atualidade pode ser secundária, diante de provas que comprovem a ocupação tradicional. Da análise dos precedentes da Súmula 650, constatou-se que o julgamento envolveu um contexto histórico específico, onde os povos indígenas estavam extintos. Por outro lado, foram utilizados argumentos generalizantes que se indiscriminadamente aplicados poderão causar sérios prejuízos aos direitos territoriais indígenas, sobretudo quanto à restituição de terras tradicionais. A partir dos resultados, concluiu-se que o Enunciado da Súmula 650 não pode ser aplicado de forma generalizada, apresentando-se como fundamentos para uma aplicação limitada a faticidade e historicidade do caso concreto; a Convenção 169 da OIT e orientações da Agenda 21; e as demais interpretações do STF acerca do termo “terras tradicionalmente ocupadas”.

A judicialização da política no Supremo Tribunal Federal: análise de julgamentos relacionados à reforma do Estado nos anos 90

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sobre o controle jurisdicional da política externa - notas acerca do caso Battisti no STF

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A legitimidade democrática do Supremo Tribunal Federal: contribuições para a prática do ativismo judicial

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS