Kouluvalinta vai koulun valinta? : Oppilaiden valikoituminen yläkouluihin Espoossa keväällä 2006

Changes in governance in the public sector made it possible to give the power to the level of service production. In Finland schools were diversified. They wanted to be as attractive as possible. In her dissertation (2006) Piia Seppänen studied parental choice and schools choice policies in Espoo, in Kuopio, in Lahti, inTurku and in some levels in Helsinki too. After her study was done there has been some changes in school choise policy in Espoo. The catchments areas changed radically; earlier every school did have its own catchment area. But now three or even five school has the same catchment area. On the base of the Seppänen’s dissertation I wondered who’s choice it really were? Is the choice maker customer or producer of the service? In my study I tried to understand those processes where pupils were selected for the 7th grade in lower secondary schools in the spring in 2006. To make the picture clear, I have to study the history of pupil selection and the changes of it in the 21st century. I also have to study the geography of the town which is quite special in comparison with the normal cities with one central area. This has its own effects on the pupil selection system as well as in the whole study. In my study I try to present what kind of process the pupil selection is in Espoo and how it was done actually in the spring of 2006. The empirical data of my study were statistical data, documents of different kind, conversations with principals, local authorities and politicians. I also interviewed one politician and observed a few information meetings about the pupil selection process. Based on this large variety of data I tried to draw a picture of the way of speaking (writing) about the ability of the choice. Furthermore, how this pupil selection is done in reality. The ability to apply to special instruction in f. e. music, graphic arts or maths and sciences or to language based instruction (bilingual and immersion teaching) depends on the district you live. Because there is one catchment area which has no special or language based instruction available. Also the poor public transport system might have some effects on the parental choice. According to my study, 20 % of the 7th grade pupils were selected with criteria of different kind to special classes. Because the ability to get special or language based instruction depends on your district, there is a big risk for a selection based on the pupils' socio-economic background.

The Exodus evacuation model applied to building evacuation scenarios

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of the EXODUS evacuation model in building environments. The latest PC/workstation version of EXODUS is described and is also applied to a large hypothetical supermarket/restaurant complex measuring 50 m x 40 m. A range of scenarios is presented where population characteristics (such as size, individual travel speeds, and individual response times), and enclosure configuration characteristics (such as number of exits, size of exits, and opening times of exits) are varied. The results demonstrate a wide range of occupant behavior including overtaking, queuing, redirection, and conflict avoidance. Evacuation performance is measured by a number of model predicted parameters including individual exit flow rates, overall evacuation flow rates, total evacuation time, average evacuation time per occupant, average travel distance, and average wait time. The simulations highlight the profound impact that variations in individual travel speeds and occupant response times have in determining the overall evacuation performance. 1. Jin, T., and Yamada T., "Experimental Study of Human Behavior in Smoke Filled Corridors," Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1988, pp. 511-519. 2. Galea, E.R., and Galparsoro, J.M.P., "EXODUS: An Evacuation Model for Mass Transport Vehicles," UK CAA Paper 93006 ISBN 086039 543X, CAA London, 1993. 3. Galea, E.R., and Galparsoro, J.M.P., "A Computer Based Simulation Model for the Prediction of Evacuation from Mass Transport Vehicles," Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 22, 1994, pp. 341-366. 4. Galea, E.R., Owen, M., and Lawrence, P., "Computer Modeling of Human Be havior in Aircraft Fire Accidents," to appear in the Proceedings of Combus tion Toxicology Symposium, CAMI, Oklahoma City, OK, 1995. 5. Kisko, T.M. and Francis, R.L., "EVACNET+: A Computer Program to Determine Optimal Building Evacuation Plans," Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 9, 1985, pp. 211-220. 6. Levin, B., "EXITT, A Simulation Model of Occupant Decisions and Actions in Residential Fires," Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1988, pp. 561-570. 7. Fahy, R.F., "EXIT89: An Evacuation Model for High-Rise Buildings," Pro ceedings of The Third International Sym posium on Fire Safety Science, 1991, pp. 815-823. 8. Thompson, P.A., and Marchant, E.W., "A Computer Model for the Evacuation of Large Building Populations," Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 24, 1995, pp. 131-148. 9. Still, K., "New Computer System Can Predict Human Behavior Response to Building Fires," FIRE 84, 1993, pp. 40-41. 10. Ketchell, N., Cole, S.S., Webber, D.M., et.al., "The Egress Code for Human Move ment and Behavior in Emergency Evacu ations," Engineering for Crowd Safety (Smith, R.A., and Dickie, J.F., Eds.), Elsevier, 1993, pp. 361-370. 11. Takahashi, K., Tanaka, T. and Kose, S., "An Evacuation Model for Use in Fire Safety Design of Buildings," Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1988, pp. 551- 560. 12. G2 Reference Manual, Version 3.0, Gensym Corporation, Cambridge, MA. 13. XVT Reference Manual, Version 3.0 XVT Software Inc., Boulder, CO. 14. Galea, E.R., "On the Field Modeling Approach to the Simulation of Enclosure Fires, Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989, pp. 11-22. 15. Purser, D.A., "Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products," SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, pp. 1-200 - 1-245, 1988. 16. Hankin, B.D., and Wright, R.A., "Pas senger Flows in Subways," Operational Research Quarterly, Vol. 9, 1958, pp. 81-88. 17. HMSO, The Building Regulations 1991 - Approved Document B, section B 1 (1992 edition), HMSO publications, London, pp. 9-40. 18. Polus A., Schofer, J.L., and Ushpiz, A., "Pedestrian Flow and Level of Service," Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 109, 1983, pp. 46-47. 19. Muir, H., Marrison, C., and Evans, A., "Aircraft Evacuations: the Effect of Passenger Motivation and Cabin Con figuration Adjacent to the Exit," CAA Paper 89019, ISBN 0 86039 406 9, 1989. 20. Muir, H., Private communication to appear as a CAA report, 1996.

University space planning and space-type profiles

Universities planning the provision of space for their teaching requirements need to do so in a fashion that reduces capital and maintenance costs whilst still providing a high-quality level of service. Space plans should aim to provide sufficient capacity without incurring excessive costs due to over-capacity. A simple measure used to estimate over-provision is utilisation. Essentially, the utilisation is the fraction of seats that are used in practice, or the ratio of demand to supply. However, studies usually find that utilisation is low, often only 20–40%, and this is suggestive of significant over-capacity.

Our previous work has provided methods to improve such space planning. They identify a critical level of utilisation as the highest level that can be achieved whilst still reliably satisfying the demand for places to allocate teaching events. In this paper, we extend this body of work to incorporate the notions of event-types and space-types. Teaching events have multiple ‘event-types’, such as lecture, tutorial, workshop, etc., and there are generally corresponding space-types. Matching the type of an event to a room of a corresponding space-type is generally desirable. However, realistically, allocation happens in a mixed space-type environment where teaching events of a given type are allocated to rooms of another space-type; e.g., tutorials will borrow lecture theatres or workshop rooms.

We propose a model and methodology to quantify the effects of space-type mixing and establish methods to search for better space-type profiles; where the term “space-type profile” refers to the relative numbers of each type of space. We give evidence that these methods have the potential to improve utilisation levels. Hence, the contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we present informative studies of the effects of space-type mixing on utilisation, and critical utilisations. Secondly, we present straightforward though novel methods to determine better space-type profiles, and give an example in which the resulting profiles are indeed significantly improved.

The community trigger for anti-social behaviour: protecting victims or raising unrealistic expectations?

In October 2014, a statutory remedy for victims of anti-social behaviour became available called the community trigger. It affords complainants a right to request a review of their case if they consider that the response from local agencies has been inadequate. The Government has hailed the reform as “putting victims first”. This article first explores the context behind this reform. This includes a number of high profile cases involving the deaths of complainants after systematic failures led to prolonged exposure to anti-social behaviour. The article then examines the provisions and how they are likely to operate in practice. It argues that whilst much will depend upon implementation, the community trigger has the potential to improve the level of service offered to vulnerable complainants without necessarily impacting adversely on the rights of alleged perpetrators. As such, the community trigger may provide a model from which other areas of the criminal justice system may draw.

Análise do desempenho de autoestradas através de microssimulação

Portugal é um dos países europeus com melhor cobertura espacial e populacional de rede de autoestradas (5º entre os 27 da UE). O acentuado crescimento desta rede nos últimos anos leva a que seja necessária a utilização de metodologias de análise e avaliação da qualidade do serviço que é prestado nestas infraestruturas, relativamente às condições de circulação. Usualmente, a avaliação da qualidade de serviço é efetuada por intermédio de metodologias internacionalmente aceites, das quais se destaca a preconizada no Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). É com esta última metodologia que são habitualmente determinados em Portugal, os níveis de serviço nas diversas componentes de uma autoestrada (secções correntes, ramos de ligação e segmentos de entrecruzamento). No entanto, a sua transposição direta para a realidade portuguesa levanta algumas reservas, uma vez que os elementos que compõem o ambiente rodoviário (infraestrutura, veículo e condutor) são distintos dos da realidade norte-americana para a qual foi desenvolvida. Assim, seria útil para os atores envolvidos no setor rodoviário dispor de metodologias desenvolvidas para as condições portuguesas, que possibilitassem uma caracterização mais realista da qualidade de serviço ao nível da operação em autoestradas. No entanto, importa referir que o desenvolvimento de metodologias deste género requer uma quantidade muito significativa de dados geométricos e de tráfego, o que acarreta uma enorme necessidade de meios, quer humanos, quer materiais. Esta abordagem é assim de difícil execução, sendo por isso necessário recorrer a metodologias alternativas para a persecução deste objetivo. Ultimamente tem-se verificado o uso cada vez mais generalizado de modelos de simulação microscópica de tráfego, que simulando o movimento individual dos veículos num ambiente virtual permitem realizar análises de tráfego. A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que procura recriar, através de simuladores microscópicos de tráfego, o comportamento das correntes de tráfego em secções correntes de autoestradas com o intuito de, posteriormente, se proceder à adaptação da metodologia preconizada no HCM (na sua edição de 2000) à realidade portuguesa. Para tal, com os simuladores microscópicos utilizados (AIMSUN e VISSIM) procurou-se reproduzir as condições de circulação numa autoestrada portuguesa, de modo a que fosse possível analisar as alterações sofridas no comportamento das correntes de tráfego após a modificação dos principais fatores geométricos e de tráfego envolvidos na metodologia do HCM 2000. Para o efeito, realizou-se uma análise de sensibilidade aos simuladores de forma a avaliar a sua capacidade para representar a influência desses fatores, com vista a, numa fase posterior, se quantificar o seu efeito para a realidade nacional e dessa forma se proceder à adequação da referida metodologia ao contexto português. Em resumo, o presente trabalho apresenta as principais vantagens e limitações dos microssimuladores AIMSUN e VISSIM na modelação do tráfego de uma autoestrada portuguesa, tendo-se concluído que estes simuladores não são capazes de representar de forma explícita alguns dos fatores considerados na metodologia do HCM 2000, o que impossibilita a sua utilização como ferramenta de quantificação dos seus efeitos e consequentemente inviabiliza a adaptação dessa metodologia à realidade nacional. São, no entanto, referidas algumas indicações de como essas limitações poderão vir a ser ultrapassadas, com vista à consecução futura dessa adequação.

Mecanismos de gestão de recursos humanos no setor público: as implicações da austeridade

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Politécnico do Porto para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão das Organizações – Ramo de Gestão de Empresas Orientador: Professor Doutor Pedro Nunes Orientador: Professor Henrique Curado

Caracterização do desempenho das redes rodoviárias com base em modelos de afetação de tráfego: aplicação à Rede Rodoviária Nacional

Relatório de estágio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Vias de Comunicação e Transportes

Processos de avaliação dos pavimentos rodoviários: Caso de estudo: reforço do pavimento em dois trechos do sublanço Enxara/Torres Vedras Sul

Relatório de Estágio Curricular para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Vias de Comunicação e Transportes

Manutenção e conservação de sinalização em autoestradas: caso de estudo: A8 autoestrada do oeste

Relatório de Estágio para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Vias de Comunicação e Transportes

O processo de acreditação hospitalar na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde de um hospital privado em Macapá - Estudo de caso

A acreditação hospitalar é um método de avaliação dos recursos institucionais, voluntário e periódico, que busca garantir a qualidade da assistência prestada, através da padronização, organização e segurança nos processos de trabalho. A certificação hospitalar é um reconhecimento da Organização Nacional de Acreditação - ONA que garante alto nível de prestação de serviço em todos os setores de uma organização de saúde, introduzindo a gestão da qualidade como ferramenta permanente de aprimoramento institucional. Destacam-se como uns de seus objetivos, a busca contínua pela qualidade nos cuidados aos pacientes, proporcionando um ambiente livre de riscos para todos aqueles que circulam na instituição de saúde, abrangendo todos os seus serviços e segmentos existentes. O caminho para a implantação bem sucedida de um programa baseado nos padrões exigidos pelo Manual Brasileiro de Acreditação - MBA da ONA passa pela estruturação de um processo educativo permanente e abrangente, que contemple todo o quadro funcional, desde o operacional até a alta administração da instituição, compartilhando princípios, metas e objetivos a serem alcançados. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar cultura de melhoria contínua de gestão da qualidade na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde de um hospital privado em Macapá, sendo classificada como um estudo quanti-qualitativo, de abordagem descritiva exploratória. A pesquisa foi desenvolvido com 198 profissionais de saúde alocados nas seguintes categorias: liderança, equipe multiprofissional, equipe técnica e administrativo/apoio, por meio de aplicação de questionário.

Estudo da fidelização dos clientes de telefonia celular na grande São Paulo em função do atendimento recebido por esses na área de call center das operadoras

O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer um estudo exploratório acerca da fidelização de usuários de serviços de telefonia celular, na Grande São Paulo, em função do atendimento percebido por ele, quando em contato com o Call Center da empresa. Buscou-se verificar quais os elementos importantes e impactantes do atendimento, assim como de que modo o atendimento prestado pelo Call Center impacta na fidelização do cliente à sua operadora. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma pesquisa de campo junto a clientes das diversas operadoras atuantes na região.

Melhoria da segurança pública: uma proposta para alocação de unidades policiais utilizando o modelo das p-medianas e do caixeiro viajante

The decrease in crime is one of the core issues that cause concern in society today. This study aims to propose improvements to public safety from the choice of points to the location of police units, ie the points which support the car and the police. For this, three models were developed in order to assist decision making regarding the best placement of these bases. The Model of Police Units Routing has the intention to analyze the current configuration of a given region and develop optimal routes for round preventative. The Model of Allocation and Routing for New Police Units (MARNUP) used the model of facility location called p-median weighted and traveling salesman problem (TSP) combined aiming an ideal setting for regions that do not yet have support points or to assess how far the distribution is present in relation to that found in solution. The Model Redefinition and Routing Unit Police (MRRUP) seek to change the current positioning taking into account the budgetary constraints of the decision maker. To verify the applicability of these models we used data from 602 points to instances of police command that is responsible for the capital city of Natal. The city currently has 31 police units for 36 of these 19 districts and police have some assistance. This reality can lead to higher costs and higher response times for answering emergency calls. The results of the models showed that in an ideal situation it is possible to define a distance of 500 km/round, whereas in this 900 km are covered by approximately round. However, a change from three-point lead reduced to 700 km / round which represents a decrease of 22% in the route. This reduction should help improve response time to emergency care, improving the level of service provided by the increase of solved cases, reducing police shifts and routing preventive patrols

Modelo de gerenciamento de estoques de peças de reposição para empresas de transporte urbano de passageiros

This work searches to offer a model to improve spare parts stock management for companies of urban passenger transport by bus, with the consequent progress in their maintenance management. Also known as MRO items (Maintenance, Repair and Operations), these spare parts, according their consumption and demand features, cost, criticity to operation, lead-time, quantity of suppliers, among other parameters, shouldn´t have managed their inventory like normal production items (work in process e final products), that because their features, are managed by more predictable models based, for example, in economic order quantity. In the case specifically of companies of urban passenger transport by bus, items MRO have significant importance in their assets and a bad management of these inventories can cause serious losses to company, leading it even bankrupticy business, in more severe situations which missing spare part provokes vehicles shutdown indefinitely. Given slight attention to the issue, which translates in little literature available about it when compared to that literature about normal items stocks, and due the fact that MRO items be critical to bus urban transport of passengers companies´, it is necessary, so, deepen in this theme searching to give technical and scientific subsidies to companies that work, in many times, empirically, with these so decisive inputs to their business. As a typical portfolio problem, in which there are n items, separated into critical and noncritical, while competing for the same resource, it was developed a new algorithm to aid in a better inventory management of spare parts used only in corrective maintenance (whose failures are unpredictable and random), by analyzing the cost-benefit ratio, which compares the level of service versus cost of each item. The model was tested in a company of urban passenger transport by bus from the city of Natal, who anonymously provided their real data to application in this work

Design para a permanência e atratividade em nichos de espaços abertos de convívio: DePAN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Projeto de mapeamento do lead time de uma empresa multinacional do ramo sucroalcooleira: estudo de caso

Facing the competitive current market, increases the growing managerial commitment to minimize the frequent occurrence of service failures that characterized the past. Given the fact that the supply of a product in the correct location and on time, undamaged and correctly billed market requirement becomes framed the present work. Based on a case study, supported in parallel bibliographical references in the literature in a company of sugar and alcohol sector, the survey aims to measure and evaluate the real-time delivery from suppliers in order to ensure the best level of service to the company in question by suppliers, by reducing idle time of delivery, since the control system does not supply the pre-established and / or observed above, thus obtaining a better management and supply of replacement material. To assist the work, developed a project in the company in question in order to analyze and identify applications of concepts of lead time along the supply chain through an exploratory study in order to provide a beneficial outcome to the company through monitoring and performance of its suppliers, which will enable an aid to future decision-making