Qualidade do leite de búfala (Bubalus bubalis) suplementada com selênio

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet with selenium on the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count of buffalo milk, and check the selenium waste in milk and minas kind fresh cheese. For the analysis of physical-chemical composition and SCC were used 2264 buffalo milk data from the Murrah, belonging to Tapuio Ltda, located in the agreste region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period 2010 to 2014. To check the amount of selenium residue in buffalo milk and fresh cheese mines were used 100 Murrah buffaloes divided into 5 lots. The batches were formed according to the production levels of animals, wherein the amount of concentrate fed varied within each lot, which received 0.08 ppm / Se / kg of concentrate. Was collected from 300 ml of tank milk from and each lot, as well as 300 gr minas cheese, from August to November 2014, with the collection of lots held only in the month of November. The samples were sent to the Pernambuco Tecnology Institute for selenium residue analysis. The effect of the seasons was contrasted in two ways, namely: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter season or drought and rainy season. The analyzes statistics were performed using the procedures available in the software SAS® (SAS, 2002). Selenium level provided to the animals in this study was not significant to the point of detection of their residue in milk and the cheeses. However, it influences the reduction of the CCS. The milk characteristics were not affected by selenium use only the seasons.

Desenvolvimento de métodos para quantificação de benzilpenicilina em medicamentos veterinários e seus resíduos em leite bovino e caprino por UFLC-DAD

The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

Desenvolvimento de métodos para quantificação de benzilpenicilina em medicamentos veterinários e seus resíduos em leite bovino e caprino por UFLC-DAD

The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

Prática Investigativa: experimentando o mundo da microbiologia

Dentro de uma imagem construtivista a experimentação apresenta características peculiares, como o uso de conhecimentos prévios, dialogo, reflexão, problematização, interdisciplinaridade, e relações ao cotidiano, apresentando-se como uma atividade de investigação, em que o aluno deve refletir, discutir, explicar e relatar, caracterizando assim uma investigação científica Este trabalho tem como objetivo promover aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo de microbiologia, considerado um conteúdo abstrato, através de atividades empíricas se utilizando do método por investigação, desmistificando a informação de que microrganismos são apenas agentes patogênicos ao focar ecologia e importância econômica de alguns desses seres, e sensibilizando quanto à importância da higienização correta dos alimentos ingeridos crus. Abordagem foi realizada no 2º ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública, conveniada ao PIBID/UFRN/Biologia. Concretizada pela aplicação de duas atividades experimentais baseadas na problematização: “Agora eu vi, realmente existem!” e “Comer, comer para poder crescer”. Os experimentos foram realizados em aulas diferentes e caracterizam-se em sensibilização da higienização de alimentos consumidos crus, e análise da função e importância econômica de alguns microrganismos. A exposição do estudante a um problema em que ele pode vivenciar no se dia-a-dia o encoraja a envolver-se no seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, além de orientá-lo a aplicar o conhecimento adquirido em situações práticas, desenvolvendo desta forma habilidades especificas que possibilitem a continuidade de sua educação. Concluímos então que utilização de atividades experimentais realizadas pelo método de investigação gera aprendizagem de procedimentos e atitudes, além da aprendizagem de conceitos/conteúdos.

Avaliação da interação entre aflatoxina M1 e B1 com a fração proteica do leite

Dissertação composta por 02 artigos.

Reaproveitamento da lactose presente em permeado de soro de leite bovino em pó para estudo da síntese de lactulose

Dissertação composta por 2 artigos.

AEQ em Microbiologia de Areias

O Programa de AEQ em Microbiologia de Areias tem como objetivos: Harmonização de metodologia utilizada para o controlo de qualidade microbiológica de areias de praias e Disponibilização de um ensaio de comparação Interlaboratorial com envio anual de amostras.

Avaliação Externa da Qualidade em Microbiologia de Areias de Praias - Estudo Piloto

As areias das praias contêm por vezes microrganismos nocivos para a saúde humana, frequentemente em superiores às que existem na água. Atualmente (Brandão et al. 2002; Sabino et al. 2012; Solo-Gabriele et al. 2015) não existe regulamentação para a amostragem, análise e apreciação da qualidade microbiológica de areias. O Programa Nacional de Avaliação Externa da Qualidade (PNAEQ), inserido no Departamento de Epidemiologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Portugal, implementou em 2015 um ensaio piloto no âmbito da avaliação externa da qualidade microbiológica de areias. Um dos principais objetivos é a harmonização da metodologia utilizada nos laboratórios, para avaliar a quantificação e identificação de microrganismos indicadores, quer bacterianos quer fúngicos, nas areias de praias, através da avaliação do desempenho dos resultados interlaboratoriais.

Laboratório Microbiologia do Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição do Instituto Nacional de Saúde: funções essenciais

Actividades do Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição no âmbito da vigilância e segurança alimentar. Acreditação de ensaios segundo a NP/EN ISO 17025. Requisitos da Norma ISO 7218, Amd 1:2013. Colheita de amostras de alimentos prontos a comer, para avaliação do nível de qualidade microbiológica. Colheita de amostras de superfícies higienizadas para avaliação do estado higiénico. Valores Guia, INSA. Actividades de controlo analítico no âmbito da investigação de surtos de toxinfecção alimentar.

Influência da alimentação sobre os níveis de retinol no leite caprino

The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ± 12. 7 μg/100ml), second (40. 5 ± 9. 7 μg/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ± 6. 7 μg/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ± 18,8 μg/100ml) before, and (61,9 ± 26,9 μg/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ± 9. 8 μg/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ± 14. 7μg/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85%

Prática Investigativa: experimentando o mundo da microbiologia

Dentro de uma imagem construtivista a experimentação apresenta características peculiares, como o uso de conhecimentos prévios, dialogo, reflexão, problematização, interdisciplinaridade, e relações ao cotidiano, apresentando-se como uma atividade de investigação, em que o aluno deve refletir, discutir, explicar e relatar, caracterizando assim uma investigação científica Este trabalho tem como objetivo promover aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo de microbiologia, considerado um conteúdo abstrato, através de atividades empíricas se utilizando do método por investigação, desmistificando a informação de que microrganismos são apenas agentes patogênicos ao focar ecologia e importância econômica de alguns desses seres, e sensibilizando quanto à importância da higienização correta dos alimentos ingeridos crus. Abordagem foi realizada no 2º ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública, conveniada ao PIBID/UFRN/Biologia. Concretizada pela aplicação de duas atividades experimentais baseadas na problematização: “Agora eu vi, realmente existem!” e “Comer, comer para poder crescer”. Os experimentos foram realizados em aulas diferentes e caracterizam-se em sensibilização da higienização de alimentos consumidos crus, e análise da função e importância econômica de alguns microrganismos. A exposição do estudante a um problema em que ele pode vivenciar no se dia-a-dia o encoraja a envolver-se no seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, além de orientá-lo a aplicar o conhecimento adquirido em situações práticas, desenvolvendo desta forma habilidades especificas que possibilitem a continuidade de sua educação. Concluímos então que utilização de atividades experimentais realizadas pelo método de investigação gera aprendizagem de procedimentos e atitudes, além da aprendizagem de conceitos/conteúdos.

Avaliação de megadoses de retinol palmitato no pós-parto imediato sobre o retinol do leite de puérperas atendidas no Hospital José Pedro Bezerra, Natal-RN

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and as a therapeutic and prophylactic measure retinil palmitate is being supplemented. Nevertheless its efficacy has been questioned. The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of two retinil palmitate megadosis on the serum retinol levels of post partum healthy mothers from Dr. José Pedro Bezerra (Hospital Santa Catarina) hospital, Natal - RN. The enrolled women (n=199) were randomly distributed into three studied groups and supplemented with retinil palmitate immediately after delivery with a single 200,000 IU dose (group S1), two 200,000 IU dose (group S2) with 24h difference between the doses, or no supplementation (group C). Among women selected, 143 remained until the end of the study. The influence of vitamin A dietary intake was evaluated during pregnancy and after 30 days of delivery. The average intake of the population was reasonable, but a high prevalence of inadequate intake was found. Retinol in colostrums and mature milk was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retinol average in colostrums and mature milk in the supplemented and control groups were adequate according to the reference values. In colostrums, women from groups C, S1 and S2 presented retinol averages by milk volume of 94.8 ± 40.2 µg/dL, 92.2 ± 50.0 µg/dL and 91.8 ± 53.7 µg/dL, respectively. No difference was found between these averages (p=0.965), this was also seen when the values where expressed as µg/g of fat (p=0.905). After 30 days of delivery, retinol per milk volume differed between the control group (36.6 ± 17.5 µg/dL) and groups supplemented with 200,000 IU (51.0 ± 28.8 µg/dL) or 400,000 IU (55.2 ± 31.6 µg/dL) of retinil palmitate (p<0,05). Nevertheless, when S1 and S2 groups where compared, no significant difference was found (p=0.97). Considering retinol/g of fat, the means were 12.7 ± 6.7 µg/g, 15.6 ± 8.3 µg/g and 17.2 ± 8.9 µg/g for groups C, S1 and S2, respectively, with significant difference between groups S2 and C (p=0,01). Subclinical VAD prevalence showed a serious public health problem in the study population (32% in colostrums and 31.5% in mature milk). When analyzing the groups separately, the group which received two doses (200,000 IU + 200,000 IU) presented the lowest VAD prevalence (20.7%). Retinil palmitate supplementations of 200,000 IU and 400,000 IU (divided in two doses) in the immediate post partum showed no significant difference. Nevertheless, the 400,000 IU (divided in two doses) supplementation showed a reduction in VAD

O laboratório de microbiologia dos alimentos do Instituto Ricardo Jorge na investigação de surtos de toxinfeção alimentar

Apresentação do INSA, I.P., do Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição e do Laboratório de Microbiologia. Conceitos de Microbiologia/ Microbiologia Alimentar. Importância da análise microbiológica. Vigilância microbiológica em unidades de restauração coletiva. Estudo e investigação de surtos de toxinfeções alimentares

Nutrição e fertilidade em bovinos de leite

Neste relatório são descritas as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio curricular em nutrição e fertilidade de bovinos de leite. Engloba também, uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a influência da nutrição na fertilidade e na produção de leite, e um estudo em que se procurou avaliar a influência do controlo da ingestão de água numa vacaria de leite. Para isso, foram utilizados 2 sistemas de produção (sistemas semi-extensivo e intensivo) e maneio alimentar. Independentemente do sistema, observou-se uma estreita relação da ingestão de água com ingestão de matéria seca, e produção de leite (ingerindo 5kg de água por cada kg de matéria seca ingerida por dia e apresentando uma produção de leite cerca de 29% da quantidade de água ingerida). Em ambos os sistemas, o controlo da ingestão de água é um potencial indicador de estro, pois existe uma diminuição significativa da ingestão de água nesse período; Abstract: This report describes the activities carried out during the internship in nutrition and fertility in dairy cattle. It also includes a literature review about the influence of nutrition on the fertility and milk production. It provides a case study that sought to assess the influence of the water intake control in a dairy farm. For this, we used 2 different production systems (semi-extensive and intensive systems) and ration. Regardless of the production or feeding system, there was a close relationship of water intake, dry matter intake and milk production (ingesting 5 kg of water per kg of dry matter, and producing nearly 29% of the total water intake). Both groups showed a decrease in water intake related to oestrus, so it means that it could be a potential indicator of oestrus behaviour and be helpful for the detection of the metabolic disorders.