Innovación y Aprendizaje: un nuevo modelo para la formación universitaria: ¿Por qué y para qué? = Innovation and Learning: a New Model for University Education: Why and for What?

The legislative reforms in university matters driven in recent years, beyond the provoked controversies, offer to universities the possibility to develop a new model in line with the European environment, focusing on quality aims and adapting to the socioeconomic current challenges. A new educational model centered on the student, on the formation of specific and transverse competitions, on the improvement of the employability and the access to the labor market, on the attraction and fixation of talent, is an indispensable condition for the effective social mobility and for the homogeneous development of a more responsible and sustainable socioeconomic and productive model

Realitats, reptes i interrogants entorn de la LOE

El tema d’aquest curs serà la LOE, el marc legislatiu que de forma progressiva s’està aplicant al nostre país. Aquest article dóna entrada a alguns dels elements més rellevants que la llei planteja i en els números següents de la revista s’aprofundirà en cadascun d’ells procurant-ne, si cal, una mirada crítica

Estudi sobre el consum de tabac en dones hospitalitzades i intervencions per deixar de fumar a l’àrea de Maternitat de l’Hospital de la Vall d’Hebron.

Introducció: El consum de tabac és la principal causa de morbiditat i mortalitat prematura en els països desenvolupats. Els pacients hospitalitzats constitueixen una població diana d’intervencions que faciliten l’abandonament del tabac. De fet, les intervencions realitzades pels professionals sanitaris durant el període d’hospitalització que inclouen un mes de seguiment han demostrat la seva eficàcia. Objectius: Analitzar la prevalença del consum de tabac entre les dones ingressades a l’àrea de maternitat de l’Hospital de la Vall d’Hebron. A més, pretén conèixer els serveis d’atenció al fumador que ofereix el centre i el compliment de la legislació vigent que regula el consum de tabac als hospitals d’aguts a Espanya. Material i Mètodes: Estudi quantitatiu, descriptiu i transversal. La recollida de dades es va dur a terme a través d’entrevistes realitzades a les pacients ingressades entre el mes de novembre i desembre del 2014. Aquestes pacients van ser seleccionades a través d’un mostreig aleatori, simple i probabilístic. Es van analitzar les següents variables: les dades sociodemogràfiques, el patró de consum habitual i durant l’ingrés hospitalari, els exfumadors, la cooximetria, el coneixement i el compliment de la normativa per a tots els fumadors i no fumadors i el grau en què es duen a terme les intervencions infermeres (5A: Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange). Resultats: De les 35 pacients que van ser entrevistades només 4 dones eren fumadores (11,4%), 9 eren exfumadores i 22 no havien fumat mai. Només a 4 pacients se’ls havia explicat en què consistia la normativa del centre, no obstant, un 100% ja la coneixien. El grau d’intervencions d’infermeria realitzades d’acord amb les 5A va ser molt baix, ja que de les 4 pacients fumadores només a un 50% se’ls hi va preguntar si fumaven. Conclusions: La prevalença del consum de tabac en les dones que es troben ingressades a l’àrea de maternitat és baixa i és inferior (12,5%) a la de la població general (27,1%). Es presenta un alt grau de coneixement de la normativa vigent del centre, ja que el 100% de les pacients entrevistades saben en què consisteix. Fent referència al nivell d’intervencions per deixar de fumar d’acord amb les 5A és molt baixa, sobretot si les comparem amb altres països.

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

This article presents a bibliographic review of research carried out on different alternative processes for biodiesel production. The supercritical and subcritical (non catalytic) reaction conditions, the use of solid basic, solid acid and other heterogeneous catalysts, including the use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell catalysts are also critically compared with the traditional homogeneous alkaline or acid catalysts that are common on industrial applications. Advantages and limitations of all these processes for the transference from the laboratory to the industry are discussed. A correlation of the chemical composition with the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel is done with aim to stablish adequate procedures for the right selection of the raw-material. Castor bean oil is used as an example of inappropriate oil in order to produce a B100 that fulfill all the international physico-chemical quality standards. In this article are presented research results to adequate the values of viscosity, density and iodine number of the castor and soybean biodiesel to the international standard limits by means blending these both biodiesels at the right ratio.

Cadeia do biodiesel da bancada à indústria: uma visão geral com prospecção de tarefas e oportunidades para P&D&I

Contextualized overview of the Biodiesel Production Chain, from the lab bench to the industry, with critical evaluation of state-of-art and technological development through scientific articles and patents, focusing on feedstock, reaction/production, first and second generation processes, specification and quality, transport, storage, co-products (effluents and sub-products), and emissions. Challenges are identified and solutions are proposed based on the Brazilian feedstock, edaphoclimatic conditions, process monitoring in remote regions, state policy, and environment preservation, among others. Forecasts are made based on the technology assessment, identifying future trends and opportunities for R&D&I.

Caracterização de subproduto da indústria de alumínio e seu uso na retenção de cádmio e chumbo em sistemas monoelementares

The present work aimed to characterize an aluminum industry by-product in natura (L.A. nat) and after phosphate and thermal pretreatments; evaluate the adsorption/desorption capacity of Cd and Pb by this L.A. nat form and after the aforementioned pretreatments, comparing them with an in natura iron mining by-product (L.F. nat). The L.A. nat presented a high pH as well as a high Na concentration and also an oxide-rich mineralogy. Pretreatment of the by-product had no significant effect upon Cd and Pd adsorption/desorption. The L.A. nat performed better than the L.F. nat as an Cd and Pb adsorbent.

Degradação de espécies nitroaromáticas e remediação de efluentes da indústria de explosivos, utilizando-se processos redutivos-oxidativos fundamentados no uso de ferro metálico

In this work the potentiality of reductive-oxidative processes based on zero-valent iron was studied aiming the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds and the remediation of residues from the explosive industry. The reductive process was applied as a continuous treatment system, using steel-wool as zero-valent iron source. The process permitted an almost total degradation of nitrobenzene, nitrophenol, nitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene, probably with generation of the respective amine-derivative. The yellow-water residue, containing soluble trinitrotoluene, was notably modified by the reductive process, a fact that permitted a substantial enhancement of its biodegradability. Furthermore, the subsequent photo-Fenton process allowed TOC removal of about 80%.

Validação de método para determinação de resíduos de amoxicilina aplicado à validação de limpeza em indústria farmacêutica de penicilânicos

The aim of this work was the single-laboratory validation of a quantitative method for the determination of amoxicillin residues in support of cleaning control and validation. Linearity was demonstrated between 2.5 and 17.5 μg/mL, without matrix effects. Mean recoveries ranged from 84.00 to 103.74% and the relative standard deviation under repetitivity and within-reproducibility conditions were from 0.58 to 4.20% and from 0.79 to 4.39%, respectively. The theoretical limits of detection and quantification were 0.133 and 0.442 μg/mL, respectively. The studied method was suitable for cleaning control purpose within good manufacturing practices.

Análise térmica aplicada a fármacos e formulações farmacêuticas na indústria farmacêutica

Several matters of the pharmaceutical demonstrate the great importance of thermal analysis application, especially TG and DSC for the pharmaceutical industry future, namely: characterization of the drugs with the thermal events definition, in studies of drug purity, in the polymorphs identification, in compatibility studies of solid dosage pharmaceutical formulations, in drugs and pharmaceutical formulations thermal stability, and in determination of shelf life for isothermal degradation kinetics by extrapolation using the Arrhenius equation. Thus, the test results obtained from thermal analysis are directly related to the quality of a pharmaceutical product, whether the stability or bioavailability of the pharmaceutical product.

Caracterização cromatográfica de compostos orgânicos presentes nos resíduos sólidos provenientes de indústria de reciclagem de papel e sua aplicação na produção de briquetes de carvão vegetal

Recycling of paper in industrial scale has become an established practice worldwide. In this work, organic compositions of three different kinds of sludge generated in recycle paper industry were studied, and the incorporation of one of those sludge in briket was also investigated. The characterization of organic compounds in sludge samples and briket was performed using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry after a Soxhlet extraction. Different chemical classes were identified in each type of sludge, but just the sludge composed by cellulose residue did not presented polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Four formulations of sludge incorporated with charcoal for briket production were evaluated.

Processo de transferência de tecnologia da universidade para a indústria: estudo de caso envolvendo a conversão de glicerol

Currently, public policy has encouraged innovation in universities and also transference of technology to the industry. Another important stage to be considered would be the registration or filing of a patent and the economical viability study. Government programs, such as the innovation incentive program, among others, should facilitate popularization and promote interest by industry. In this work we described the steps, from the conception of the idea to the scale up going through its interest by the industry. The case study is about the glycerol conversion utilizing modified niobia as catalysts.

De aromas e perfumes, o mercado da indústria do "cheiro"

Several flavors and fragrances (F&F) companies hold the economic leadership in the market, although not always have also the leadership in patent applications. The ranking of technological production in the fragrance area still remains with industries while scientific knowledge is equally shared between industries and academia. Contextualizing Brazil in this scene, despite all scientific expertise gained over the years, brazilian technological park is still at the beginning of the production of technologies applied directly to the F&F industries. The dependence on foreign technologies is remarkable as indicated by the great trade deficit in this sector.

Inovação & propriedade industrial & indústria química

ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper was to contribute to reflections in Brazil on the need to transfer knowledge held at universities and R&D institutions over to companies, i.e. to transfer scientific knowledge of chemistry to technology. It discusses how the competitiveness of countries is increasingly dependent on their technological capacity. The chemicals industry is a fundamental driver of social, environmental, economic and industrial indicators of sustainable development. In Brazil, the chemicals industry's deficit has grown over the last three decades. Patents are important sources of information because patent documents contain 75% of all technological information available. The National Institute of Industrial Property in Brazil has created a Technology Observatory with the purpose of identifying and analyzing technological information contained in patent documents within the ambit of partnerships with government entities or business associations, in order to support their technology-related decision-making processes. The paper gives examples of ethanol and biotechnology patent documents, including pharmaceuticals, of which there are very few in Brazil. However, a few of the patent applications identified are filed in Brazil, giving the country the opportunity to transform this scientific knowledge into technology by means of partnership agreements with companies. Finally, the paper presents information on the patent applications filed by the world's leading chemicals companies as measured by their revenues, and the respective numbers of patent applications in the last five years in organic chemistry and polymers, sectors in which Brazil is currently dependent on imports for over 50% of its needs. The patent assignees in these sectors in Brazil are also identified, and the paper concludes that Brazil needs to invest in the development of professionals, providing clearly-defined career paths in technology innovation teams at R&D institutions, and to foster more initiatives such as the creation of a new research and innovation entity, EMBRAPII, since investing in science and technology is a prerequisite for knowledge production, industrial property, economic development and, consequently, the competitiveness of the country.

Carboidratos como fonte de compostos para a indústria de química fina

Coal, oil, natural gas, and shale gas are biomass that is formed millions of years ago. These are non-renewable and depleting, even considering the recent discovery of new sources of oil in the presalt and new technologies for the exploitation of shale deposits. Currently, these raw materials are used as a source of energy production and are also important for the production of fine chemicals. Since these materials are finite and their (oil) price is increasing, it is clear that there will be a progressive increase in the chemical industry to use renewable raw materials as a source of energy, an inevitable necessity for humanity. The major challenge for the society in the twenty first century is to unite governments, universities, research centers, and corporations to jointly act in all areas of science with one goal of finding a solution to global problems, such as conversion of biomass into compounds for the fine chemical industry.Non-renewable raw materials are used in the preparation of fuels, chemical intermediates, and derivatives for the fine chemical industry. However, their stock in nature has a finite duration, and their price is high and will likely increase with their depletion. In this scenario, the alternative is to use renewable biomass as a replacement for petrochemicals in the production of fine chemicals. As the production of biomass-based carbohydrates is the most abundant in nature, it is judicious to develop technologies for the generation of chain products (fuels, chemical intermediates, and derivatives for the fine chemicals industry) using this raw material. This paper presents some aspects and opportunities in the area of carbohydrate chemistry toward the generation of compounds for the fine chemical industry.