Nota sobre a biologia de "Microdon tigrinus" (Diptera: Syrphidae), parasito social de "Acromyrmex coronatus" (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The fly of the syrphid Microdon tigrinus is a specific social parasite of leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex coronatus. Six colonies of Acromyrmex coronatus were collected in plastic containers, which there was a layer of 1 cm of plaster, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity of fungus culture. Larvae of social parasite were separate for the establishment of instars number, through morphometric study. The data were measured of 165 larvae, using spiracle (length (Ls), width (Ws) and distance between spiracle (Ds)). After that, the morphometric data obtained for the larvae were submitted to cluster analysis by Wong's hybrid method, which produces the adequate number of groups through pseudo F-statistics and pseudo t-squared statistics. The three morphometric variables studied permitted grouping of larvae into the following three distinct groups: cluster 1 [long dash] consisting of 55 larvae (Ls=0.177[plus or minus]0.026, Ws=0.163[plus or minus]0.030, Ds=0.052[plus or minus]0.008 mm); cluster 2 - consisting of 20 larvae (Ls=0.631[plus or minus]0.065, Ws=0.630[plus or minus]0.049, Ds=0.065[plus or minus]0.018 mm); cluster 3 - consisting of 90 larvae (Ls=1.294[plus or minus]0.062, Ws=1.308[plus or minus]0.069, Ds=0.140[plus or minus]0.018 mm). of the all couples, only 1 obtained success in the mating, and the female, after 24 hours, began the oviposition. The female layed 76 eggs in a period of 6 days, after that, her death. The larvae emerged in the seventh day (incubation period [plus or minus] 7 days). From 76 eggs, 54 were viable, with a viability of 71.05%. This study contributes to the knowledge of Microdon tigrinus biology of, a social parasite poorly studied in Brazil.

Comportamento social de botos-cinza, sotalia guianensis, na praia de Pipa, RN, Brasil: dinâmica, sequência, sincronia e respostas ao turismo de observação

Social behavior of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, at Pipa Beach, RN, Brazil: dynamics, sequence, breathing synchrony, and responses to dolphin watching. Social animals form groups that can range from temporary to permanent. Depending on the nature of the social relationships developed between individuals, groups present a particular social organization and the effect of these interactions shapes the activity patterns of these animals. This study investigates: (i) fission-fusion dynamics of Guiana dolphins, through the analysis of three dimensions of the social system (variation in spatial cohesion, variation in size and composition of groups), (ii) sequence, routine and behavioral stability, (iii) breathing intervals in synchronized groups and (iv) behavioral responses of the animals to dolphin watching. Systematic observations of Guiana dolphins were made from a platform located in cliffs about 25 m above sea level that surround Madeiro Bay, Pipa Beach. Sampling occurred from December 2007 to February 2009 between 0600 h and 1600 h, and the groups of Guiana dolphins were investigated according to their size (alone and group) and composition (adults, adults and juveniles, and adults and calves). According to the analysis of fission-fusion dynamics, Guiana dolphin groups frequently changed their composition, modifying their patterns of spatial grouping and cohesion every 20 minutes on average. More than 50% of the individuals maintained a distance of up to 2 m from other group members and new individuals were attracted to the group, especially during feeding, leaving it for foraging. Large groups were more unstable than small, while groups containing only adults were more stable than groups of adults and juveniles. According to the Z-score analysis to investigate the sequence and behavioral routine, lone individuals were more ! .7! ! involved in foraging and feeding, while resting was more common in groups. Foraging and feeding were more common in homogeneous groups (individuals of the same age class), while heterogeneous groups (different age classes) were often involved in socialization, displaying a broader behavioral repertoire. Foraging and resting behavior presented higher stability (continuous duration in minutes) than the other behaviors. The analysis of breathing intervals in synchronized groups showed significant differences depending on type of behavior, composition and area preference. During resting, breathing intervals were of longer duration, and groups with calves showed shorter breathing intervals than groups without calves. Lone individuals also preferred areas called corral , often used for the entrapment of fishes. The Markov chain analysis revealed behavioral changes in the presence of boats, according to the type of group composition. Groups composed of adults presented decreased resting and increased in traveling during the presence of boats. Groups of adults and juveniles showed a massive reduction of socialization, while the behavior transition probability traveling-traveling was higher in groups of adults and calves. In the presence of the boats, stability of resting was reduced by one third of its original duration and traveling more than doubled. The behavioral patterns analyzed are discussed in light of socio-ecological models concerning costs and benefits of proximity between individuals and behavioral optimization. Furthermore, significant changes in behavioral patterns indicate that Guiana dolphins, at Pipa Beach, have suffered the effects of tourism as a result of violation of rules of conduct established for the study area

Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of Middle Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The presence or absence of motorized boats, partnerships and multispecies catches characterize the fisheries of Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fishing activity based on 109 interviews, carried out in the wet (high water: February and March) and dry (low water: July and August) seasons, with professional fishermen are described. Aiming to identify the fishery income components, a covariance model was proposed, with the income as the response variable, related to the factors: fishing ground, use of motorized or paddle boat; seasonality; presence of fishing assistant, and the following covariates: capture in weight in the week Frier to the interview, fisherman experience in yrs; and distance (km) travelled for fishing. The results indicated that the main contributions to income were the absence of an engine (because of high price of the fuel), the absence of a partner (because of low capture) and the amount of fish caught by the fishermen.

Youth and social cohesion in Ibero-America: a model in the making. Summary

Includes bibliography

A social network approach to trust management in VANETs

In the past few years, vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs) was studied extensively by researchers. VANETs is a type of P2P network, though it has some distinct characters (fast moving, short lived connection etc.). In this paper, we present several limitations of current trust management schemes in VANETs and propose ways to counter them. We first review several trust management techniques in VANETs and argue that the ephemeral nature of VANETs render them useless in practical situations. We identify that the problem of information cascading and oversampling, which commonly arise in social networks, also adversely affects trust management schemes in VANETs. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to introduce information cascading and oversampling to VANETs. We show that simple voting for decision making leads to oversampling and gives incorrect results in VANETs. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel voting scheme. In our scheme, each vehicle has different voting weight according to its distance from the event. The vehicle which is more closer to the event possesses higher weight. Simulations show that our proposed algorithm performs better than simple voting, increasing the correctness of voting. © 2012 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.

Information Visualization to support decision making in the context of distance learning: A study with VLE TelEduc

Digital data sets constitute rich sources of information, which can be extracted and evaluated applying computational tools, for example, those ones for Information Visualization. Web-based applications, such as social network environments, forums and virtual environments for Distance Learning, are good examples for such sources. The great amount of data has direct impact on processing and analysis tasks. This paper presents the computational tool Mapper, defined and implemented to use visual representations - maps, graphics and diagrams - for supporting the decision making process by analyzing data stored in Virtual Learning Environment TelEduc-Unesp. © 2012 IEEE.

Políticas públicas educacionais no âmbito do sistema penitenciário: aplicações e implicações no processo de (re)inserção social do apenado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As diretrizes curriculares: o verso e o anverso da formação profissional em Serviço Social

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Trabalho social e política habitacional: entre concepções e discursos

A pesquisa em tela analisa a concepção de Trabalho Social proposta pelo Ministério das Cidades e implementada pela Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Pará. O trabalho social apresenta historicamente elementos que se reeditam e assumem novos contornos. A partir da criação do Ministério das Cidades, em 2003, inicia-se no Brasil um período novo, no que diz respeito às políticas de Desenvolvimento Urbano. No entanto, é apenas em 2007 com o lançamento do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, que se ampliam os investimentos na política urbana. O trabalho social é parte constituinte obrigatório nas intervenções de provisão habitacional e nas intervenções de assentamentos precários. No estado do Pará, o órgão responsável pela implementação da política urbana é a Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Pará. A construção desta pesquisa é orientada pela teoria social crítica, que permite compreender as múltiplas determinações dos fenômenos que norteiam a temática em questão. A pesquisa foi realizada com base no levantamento bibliográfico, documental e de campo, incluindo entrevistas com Assistentes Sociais que atuam nos projetos de Trabalho Social da Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Pará. Constata-se que o discurso estatal da concepção do trabalho social é entrelaçado por determinadas categoriais previamente definidas. Assim, compreende-se que a COHAB/PA alinha-se ao discurso empreendido pelo Ministério das Cidades e pelos órgãos que dão a direção para a implementação do Trabalho Social nos projetos de intervenção urbanística do governo federal. Identificam-se no discurso governamental através dos documentos, cursos à distância para os profissionais envolvidos com o trabalho social, e nos depoimentos das entrevistas, o alinhamento na direção dada ao Trabalho Social, que objetiva “a autonomia, o protagonismo e a participação da população beneficiária dos projetos de governo para o alcance da cidadania e da sustentabilidade do empreendimento.” Algumas Técnicas Sociais afirmam que buscam estratégias para a garantia dos direitos sociais, mas sentem-se amarradas pelas orientações da CAIXA e do Ministério das Cidades. Deste modo, as categorias que dão significado à concepção de Trabalho Social são esvaziadas de sentido e instrumentalizadas através de ações pontuais e assistencialistas que são insuficientes para o acesso à cidadania em seu aspecto pleno, para o acesso à moradia digna. É neste contexto de contradições e conflitos que se inserem o Trabalho Social proposto pelo Ministério das Cidades e implementado pela Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Pará.

Reestruturação produtiva, trabalho informal e a invisibilidade social do trabalho de crianças e adolescentes

This article questions some elements that can help to make early work understood nowadays. From a local reality, the city of Franca in São Paulo, it records the production restructuring, the expansion of the informal, autonomous and domestic work, and the early inclusion of boys and girls in the work market, as well as the maintenance of the distance between the paradigm of whole protection to children and adolescents and the daily reality in which they are inserted.

Reformismo social em John R. Commons

This research aims to discuss aspects of the thought of John R. Commons regarding their engagement with the reform of capitalism. He focuses on his interpretation of the socioeconomic context of American capitalism, which led him to distance himself from the Marxist revolutionary praxis and the authoritarian reformism offered by the variant of European fascism. Based on extensive literature review, the research rebuild through a historical and theoretical context, his thinking and show the evolution of his ideas throughout his life. Recreating the terms in which Commons defended his reformist project, called him reasonable capitalism.

Estudo comparativo dos programas de habitação social nas cidades de Franca/Brasil e Praia/Cabo Verde: convergências e discrepâncias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Online Distance Education: Towards a Research Agenda

Online Distance Education: Towards a Research Agenda offers a systematic overview of the major issues, trends, and areas of priority in online distance education research. In each chapter, an international expert or team of experts provides an overview of one timely issue in online distance education, summarizing major research on the topic, discussing theoretical insights that guide the research, posing questions and directions for future research, and discussing the implications for distance education practice as a whole. Intended as a primary reference and guide for distance educators, researchers, and policymakers, Online Distance Education addresses aspects of distance education practice that have often been marginalized, including issues of cost and economics, concerns surrounding social justice, cultural bias, the need for faculty professional development, and the management and growth of learner communities. At once soundly empirical and thoughtfully reflective, yet also forward-looking and open to new approaches to online and distance teaching, this text is a solid resource for researchers in a rapidly expanding discipline.

Salience and Asymmetric Judgments of Physical Distance

Previous research has shown that distance estimates made from memory are often asymmetric. Specifically, when A is a prominent location (a land-mark) and B is not, people tend to recall a longer distance from A to B than from B to A. Results of two experiments showed that asymmetric judgments of distance are not restricted to judgments made from memory but occur also for judgments made when all relevant visual cues are still present. Furthermore, results indicated that situational salience is sufficient to produce asymmetric judgments and that distinctiveness (such as in the case of architectural landmarks) is not necessary.