126 resultados para SNO
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We incorporated tin oxide nanostructures into the graphene nanosheet matrix and observed that the phase of tin oxide varies with the morphology. The highest discharge capacity and coulumbic efficiency were obtained for SnO phase of nanoplates morphology. Platelet morphology of tin oxide shows more reversible capacity than the nanoparticle (SnO2 phase) tin oxide. The first discharge capacity obtained for SnO@GNS is 1393 and 950 mAh/g for SnO2@GNS electrode at a current density of 23 mu A/cm(2). A stable capacity of about 1022 and 715 mAh/g was achieved at a current rate of 23 mu A/cm(2) after 40 cycles for SnO@GNS and SnO2@GNS anodes, respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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<p>Today our understanding of the vibrational thermodynamics of materials at low temperatures is emerging nicely, based on the harmonic model in which phonons are independent. At high temperatures, however, this understanding must accommodate how phonons interact with other phonons or with other excitations. We shall see that the phonon-phonon interactions give rise to interesting coupling problems, and essentially modify the equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of materials, e.g., thermodynamic stability, heat capacity, optical properties and thermal transport of materials. Despite its great importance, to date the anharmonic lattice dynamics is poorly understood and most studies on lattice dynamics still rely on the harmonic or quasiharmonic models. There have been very few studies on the pure phonon anharmonicity and phonon-phonon interactions. The work presented in this thesis is devoted to the development of experimental and computational methods on this subject.</p> <p>Modern inelastic scattering techniques with neutrons or photons are ideal for sorting out the anharmonic contribution. Analysis of the experimental data can generate vibrational spectra of the materials, i.e., their phonon densities of states or phonon dispersion relations. We obtained high quality data from laser Raman spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and inelastic neutron spectrometer. With accurate phonon spectra data, we obtained the energy shifts and lifetime broadenings of the interacting phonons, and the vibrational entropies of different materials. The understanding of them then relies on the development of the fundamental theories and the computational methods. </p> <p>We developed an efficient post-processor for analyzing the anharmonic vibrations from the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. Currently, most first principles methods are not capable of dealing with strong anharmonicity, because the interactions of phonons are ignored at finite temperatures. Our method adopts the Fourier transformed velocity autocorrelation method to handle the big data of time-dependent atomic velocities from MD calculations, and efficiently reconstructs the phonon DOS and phonon dispersion relations. Our calculations can reproduce the phonon frequency shifts and lifetime broadenings very well at various temperatures.</p> <p>To understand non-harmonic interactions in a microscopic way, we have developed a numerical fitting method to analyze the decay channels of phonon-phonon interactions. Based on the quantum perturbation theory of many-body interactions, this method is used to calculate the three-phonon and four-phonon kinematics subject to the conservation of energy and momentum, taking into account the weight of phonon couplings. We can assess the strengths of phonon-phonon interactions of different channels and anharmonic orders with the calculated two-phonon DOS. This method, with high computational efficiency, is a promising direction to advance our understandings of non-harmonic lattice dynamics and thermal transport properties.</p> <p>These experimental techniques and theoretical methods have been successfully performed in the study of anharmonic behaviors of metal oxides, including rutile and cuprite stuctures, and will be discussed in detail in Chapters 4 to 6. For example, for rutile titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), we found that the anomalous anharmonic behavior of the B<sub>1g</sub> mode can be explained by the volume effects on quasiharmonic force constants, and by the explicit cubic and quartic anharmonicity. For rutile tin dioxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>), the broadening of the B<sub>2g</sub> mode with temperature showed an unusual concave downwards curvature. This curvature was caused by a change with temperature in the number of down-conversion decay channels, originating with the wide band gap in the phonon dispersions. For silver oxide (Ag<sub>2</sub>O), strong anharmonic effects were found for both phonons and for the negative thermal expansion. </p>
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El proceso de cicatrizacin es complejo y mltiples factores influyen en l, como es la nutricin. La nutricin y la cicatrizacin estn ntimamente unidas, de esta manera deficiencias nutricionales especficas podrn provocar un retraso en la progresin de la cicatrizacin. Abordar las heridas de manera integral es papel de la enfermera, con lo cual es importante conocer el enfoque actual de los Suplementos Nutricionales Orales (SNO). Objetivos: conocer el papel que juega la nutricin en la cicatrizacin de las heridas (agudas y crnicas). Conocer cul es el enfoque y el conocimiento actual en la Suplementacin Nutricional Oral y su implicacin en las heridas. Diseo: revision bibliografica Metodos: se realiza una busqueda bibliografia en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Metas de Enfermeria y Chocrane). Se realiza un analisis de 11 articulos y de diferentes manuales, protocolos, libros etc. de las principales sociedades cientificas relacionadas con la nutricion y la cicatrizacion. Resultados: se identifican todos los macronutrientes (carbohidratos, proteinas y aminoacidos, acidos grasos y agua) y micronutientes (vitamina A, vitamina C, Vitamina E, Vitamina K, zinc,cobre, magnesio y hierro) involucrados en la cicatrizacion de las heridas. De esta manera se realiza un analisis de estos nutrientes y la implicacion de la suplementacion nutricional oral. El resultado es que 5 revisiones sistemticas han estudiado el papel de los SNO, con gran controversia en sus conclusiones. Conclusiones: se ha visto que la nutricion influye en la cicatrizacion de las heridas, ya que los macronutrientes y los micronutrientes intervienen en todo el proceso de cicatrizacion, desde la hemostasia hasta la maduracion de la herida. Aun asi, cuando se hace referencia a Suplementos Nutricionales Orales (tanto con nutrientes especificos como sin ellos), la evidencia demuestra que hoy por hoy existe pocas investigaciones, sin llegar a ningun consenso claro. Palabras Clave: Wounds, Wound Healing, Nutrition, Oral Supplements, Nutritional Supplements y Suplementos Nutricionales.
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(ITO),ITO,m(In2O3):m(SnO2)=91,X(XRD),,,ITOITO,(200)85%,,
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A aplicao tpica de doadores de xido ntrico conhecida pelos seus efeitos benficos no reparo tecidual cutneo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da associao de biomateriais com doadores de xido ntrico no reparo tecidual cutneo de camundongos. Camundongos swiss machos foram submetidos a leses excisionais por punch de bipsia de 8 mm no dorso. Os animais foram separados em 4 grupos (n=6 em cada grupo) de acordo com a aplicao do curativo de polivinil lcool e hidrogel sobre a leso de punch: a) grupo polivinil lcool com grupos tiol e Pluronic F-127 (PVA-SH/F127) - tratado com hidrogel sem S- nitrosoglutationa (GSNO) e filme sem xido ntrico; b) grupo polivinil lcool S-nitrosado (PVA-SNO/F127-GSNO) - tratado com hidrogel contendo GSNO e filme com xido ntrico; c) grupo PVA-SNO - tratado apenas com filme xido ntrico e d) grupo PVA-SNO/ F127 - tratado com hidrogel sem GSNO e filme com xido ntrico. Os animais foram tratados por 7 dias consecutivos com aplicao diria de curativos com seus respectivos biomateriais. Aps 7 dias de tratamento, foram retirados os curativos e as leses foram deixadas cicatrizar por segunda inteno. O grupo tratado com filme de PVA-SNO (d) associado ao hidrogel F127, comparado com os demais grupos descritos acima, apresentou melhora no reparo tecidual, melhora da contrao da leso, diminuio do gap epitelial e densidade celular, acelerao da fase inflamatria, aumento da diferenciao miofibroblstica e aumento da expresso de colgeno do tipo III (p<0,05, ao menos). Com base nesses dados, a combinao de filmes PVA liberadores de xido ntrico com F-127 pode representar uma nova abordagem para o tratamento de leses cutneas.
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The hydrosol of SnO2 nanoparticles are prepared by the method of colloid chemistry. The free piling up process of nanosized SnO2 colloid particles are investigated at the gas-liquid interface by LB and Brewster Angle Microscopy techniques. The result indicates that solid state monolayer and multilayer of SnO2 nanoparticles can be formed at the gas-liquid interface only by aging the sol in air or compressing it without amphiphiles surfactant.
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<p>The retinal vascular endothelium is essential for angiogenesis and is involved in maintaining barrier selectivity and vascular tone. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify microRNAs and other small regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which may regulate these crucial functions. Primary bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) provide a well-characterized in vitro system for studying angiogenesis. RNA extracted from RMECs was used to prepare a small RNA library for deep sequencing (Illumina Genome Analyzer). A total of 6.8 million reads were mapped to 250 known microRNAs in miRBase (release 16). In many cases, the most frequent isomiR differed from the sequence reported in miRBase. In addition, five novel microRNAs, 13 novel bovine orthologs of known human microRNAs and multiple new members of the miR-2284/2285 family were detected. Several similar to 30 nucleotide sno-miRNAs were identified, with the most highly expressed being derived from snoRNA U78. Highly expressed microRNAs previously associated with endothelial cells included miR-126 and miR-378, but the most highly expressed was miR-21, comprising more than one-third of all mapped reads. Inhibition of miR-21 with an LNA inhibitor significantly reduced proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacity of RMECs. The independence from prior sequence knowledge provided by deep sequencing facilitates analysis of novel microRNAs and other small RNAs. This approach also enables quantitative evaluation of microRNA expression, which has highlighted the predominance of a small number of microRNAs in RMECs. Knockdown of miR-21 suggests a role for this microRNA in regulation of angiogenesis in the retinal microvasculature. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 20982111, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>
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Semiconductor physics has developed significantly in the field of re- search and industry in the past few decades due to its numerous practical applications. One of the relevant fields of current interest in material science is the fundamental aspects and applications of semi- conducting transparent thin films. Transparent conductors show the properties of transparency and conductivity simultaneously. As far as the band structure is concerned, the combination of the these two properties in the same material is contradictory. Generally a trans- parent material is an insulator having completely filled valence and empty conduction bands. Metallic conductivity come out when the Fermi level lies within a band with a large density of states to provide high carrier concentration. Effective transparent conductors must nec- essarily represent a compromise between a better transmission within the visible spectral range and a controlled but useful electrical con- ductivity [16]. Generally oxides like In2O3, SnO2, ZnO, CdO etc, show such a combination. These materials without any doping are insulators with optical band gap of about 3 eV. To become a trans- parent conductor, these materials must be degenerately doped to lift the Fermi level up into the conduction band. Degenerate doping pro- vides high mobility of extra carriers and low optical absorption. The increase in conductivity involves an increase in either carrier concen- tration or mobility. Increase in carrier concentration will enhance the absorption in the visible region while increase in mobility has no re- verse effect on optical properties. Therefore the focus of research for new transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials is on developing materials with higher carrier mobilities.
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La malvada Reina es muy vanidosa y est decidida a ser la mujer ms hermosa sobre la tierra, pero su espejo mgico le desvela que la ms bella es la princesa Blancanieves que trabaja de criada en el palacio. Pero nadie puede interponerse en su camino como descubre la hermosa Blancanieves.
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Bendadaite, ideally Fe(2+)Fe(2)(3+)(AsO(4))(2)(OH)(2 center dot).4H(2)O, is a new member of the arthurite group It was found as a weathering product of arsenopyrite on a single hand specimen from the phosphate pegmatite Bendada. central Portugal (type locality) Co-type locality is the granite pegmatite of La via do Almerindo (Almerindo mine), Linopolis, Divmo das Laranjeiras county, Minas Gerais, Brazil Further localities are the Vein Negra mine, Copiapo province, Chile, mid-East, Bou Azzer district, Morocco, and Para Inferida yard, Fenugu Sibirt mine, Gonnosfanadiga, Medio Campidano Province, Sardinia. Italy Type bendadaite occurs as blackish green to dark brownish tufts (<0 1 mm long) and flattened radiating aggregates. in intimate association with an intermediate member of the scorodite-mansfieldite series It is monoclinic. space group P2(l/c). with a = 10 239(3) angstrom. b = 9 713(2) angstrom, c = 5 552(2) angstrom. beta = 94 11(2)degrees. = 550 7(2) angstrom(3). Z = 2 Electron-microprobe analysis yielded (wt %). CaO 0 04, MnO 0 03. CuO 006, ZnO 004. Fe(2)O(3) (total) 43 92, Al(2)O(3) 115. SnO(2) 0 10, As(2)O(5) 43 27. P(2)O(5) 1 86, SO(3) 0.03 The empirical formula is (Fe(0 52)(2+)Fe(0 32)(3+)rectangle(0 16))(Sigma 1 00)(Fe(1 89)(3+)Al(0 11))(Sigma 2 00)(As(1 87)P(0 13))(Sigma 2 00)O(8)(OH)(2 00) 4H(2)O based. CM 2(As,P) and assuming ideal 80, 2(OH), 4H2O and complete occupancy of the ferric on site by Fe(3+) and Al Optically, bendadaite is biaxial, positive, 2V(est) = 85+/-4 degrees, 2V(eale) = 88 degrees, with alpha 1 734(3). 13 1 759(3), 7 1 787(4) Pleochrosim is medium strong X pale reddish brown. Y yellowish brown, Z dark yellowish brown. absorption Z > V > X, optical dispersion weak, r > v. Optical axis plane Is parallel to (010), with X approximately parallel to a and Z nearly parallel to c Bendadaite has vitreous to sub-adamantine luster, is translucent and non-fluorescent It is brittle, shows irregular fracture and a good cleavage parallel to 1010} 3 15 0 10 g/cm(3), 3 193 g/cm3 (for the empirical formula) The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in angstrom (I)(hkl] are 10 22 (10)(100), 7 036 (8)(110), 4 250 (5)(11 I), 2 865 (4)(311), 4 833 (3)(020,011) The d spacings are very similar to those of its Zn analogue, ojelaite The crystal structure of bendadaite was solved and refined using a crystal from the co-type locality with the composition (Fe(0 95)(2+)rectangle(0 05))(Sigma 1 00)(Fe(1 80)(3+)Al(0 20))Sigma(2 00)(As(1 48)P(0 52))(Sigma 2 00)O(8)) (OH)(2) 4H(2)O (R = 16%) and confirms an arthurite-type atomic arrangement
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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This article reports a study of the thermal stability and morphological changes in tin oxide nanobelts grown in the orthorhombic SnO phase. The nanobelts were heat-treated in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) furnace at 800 degrees C for I It in argon, oxygen, or synthetic air atmospheres. The samples were then characterized by DSC, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results confirmed that the orthorhombic SnO phase is thermodynamically unstable, causing the belts to transform into the SnO2 phase when heat-treated. During the phase transition, if oxygen is available in the furnace atmosphere, nanofibers grow at the edge of nanobelts at about 50 degrees of the belts' growth direction, while particles grow on the belt surface in the absence of oxygen. Although the decomposition process reduces the nanobelt cell volume by 22%, most belts remain monocrystalline after the heat treatment. The results confirm that phase transition is a decomposition process, which explains the morphological changes in the belts based on metallic tin generated in the process.
