Estudio de la logística en el eslabón final de la cadena de valor agroindustrial en la provincia de San Luis

La cadena de valor de los productos oleaginosos de la Provincia de San Luis cuenta en la actualidad con tres ventajas principales. La primera de ellas es que la provincia se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada en un corredor bioceánico de la República Agentina; la segunda es la implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas (ZAL) en Villa Mercedes; y la tercera es el desarrollo empresarial motivado por las inversiones de empresas multinacionales en el sector. Para el intercambio comercial de países del Atlántico, como la Argentina, con los de Asia y Costa Oeste de los Estados Unidos es necesaria la integración entre la Argentina y Chile fortaleciendo lazos comerciales, culturales y sociales. La implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas adquiere relevancia teniendo en cuenta que el principal efecto de este emprendimiento es la reducción sustancial de los costos operativos. Por otro lado, la fusión de empresas multinacionales con empresas del medio en industrias agroalimentarias provocará un aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de granos (en particular maíz) en un 50, con lo que se estaría en condiciones de absorber más de la mitad de la cosecha de la provincia. Para los agricultores será un gran desafío aumentar la superficie cultivada para comercializar con un comprador local y ampliar el margen de rentabilidad al eliminarse los elevados costos por flete. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar e interrelacionar los factores, los actores y el impacto de estas tres ventajas en el final de la cadena de valor de productos oleaginosos en la Provincia de San Luis

Estudio de la logística en el eslabón final de la cadena de valor agroindustrial en la provincia de San Luis

La cadena de valor de los productos oleaginosos de la Provincia de San Luis cuenta en la actualidad con tres ventajas principales. La primera de ellas es que la provincia se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada en un corredor bioceánico de la República Agentina; la segunda es la implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas (ZAL) en Villa Mercedes; y la tercera es el desarrollo empresarial motivado por las inversiones de empresas multinacionales en el sector. Para el intercambio comercial de países del Atlántico, como la Argentina, con los de Asia y Costa Oeste de los Estados Unidos es necesaria la integración entre la Argentina y Chile fortaleciendo lazos comerciales, culturales y sociales. La implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas adquiere relevancia teniendo en cuenta que el principal efecto de este emprendimiento es la reducción sustancial de los costos operativos. Por otro lado, la fusión de empresas multinacionales con empresas del medio en industrias agroalimentarias provocará un aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de granos (en particular maíz) en un 50, con lo que se estaría en condiciones de absorber más de la mitad de la cosecha de la provincia. Para los agricultores será un gran desafío aumentar la superficie cultivada para comercializar con un comprador local y ampliar el margen de rentabilidad al eliminarse los elevados costos por flete. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar e interrelacionar los factores, los actores y el impacto de estas tres ventajas en el final de la cadena de valor de productos oleaginosos en la Provincia de San Luis

Heavy metal and petroleum product concentrations in waters at the Obskaya 1 drill site

During recent years, the basins of the Kara Sea (Kamennomysskaya, Obskaya, and Chugor'yakhinskaya structures) in the Russian Federation have been considered as promising regions for oil and gas exploration and, simultaneously, as possible paths of relatively cheap pipeline and tanker transportation of hydrocarbons projected for recovery. On the other hand, exploration operations, recovery, and transportation of gas pose a considerable risk of accidents and environmental pollution, which causes a justified concern about the future state of the ecological system of the Gulf of Ob and the adjoining parts of the Kara Sea. Therefore, regular combined environmental investigations (monitoring) are the most important factor for estimating the current state and forecasting the dynamics of the development of estuary systems. The program of investigations (schedule, station network, and measured parameters) is standardized in accordance with the international practice of such work and accounts for the experience of monitoring studies of Russian and foreign researchers. Two measurement sessions were performed during ecological investigations in the region of exploration drilling: at the beginning at final stage of drilling operations and borehole testing; in addition, natural parameters were determined in various parts of the Ob estuary before the beginning of investigations. Hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics of the water medium were determined and bottom sediments and water were analyzed for various pollutants (petroleum products, heavy metals, and radionuclides). The forms of heavy-metal occurrence in river and sea waters were determined by the method of continuous multistep filtration, which is based on water component fractionation on membrane filters of various pore sizes. These investigations revealed environmental pollution by chemical substances during the initial stage of drilling operations, when remains of fuels, oils, and solutions could be spilled, and part of the chemical pollutants could enter the environment. Owing to horizontal and vertical turbulent diffusion, wave mixing, and the effect of the general direction of currents in the Ob estuary from south to north, areas are formed with elevated concentrations of the analyzed elements and compounds. However, the concentration levels of chemical pollutants are practically no higher than the maximum admissible concentrations, and their substantial dissipation to the average regional background contents can be expected in the near future. Our investigations allowed us to determine in detail the parameters of anthropogenic pollution in the regions affected by hydrocarbon exploration drilling in the Obskii and Kamennomysskii prospects in the Gulf of Ob and estimate their influence on the ecological state of the basin of the Ob River and the Kara Sea on the whole.

Plan anual de una compañía distribuidora de productos petrolíferos

El alcance de este proyecto consiste en elaborar el plan anual teórico de una compañía distribuidora de productos petrolíferos, que tiene como objetivo mantener los niveles de cuota en el mercado nacional de carburantes de estaciones de servicio, evaluando las rentabilidades conseguidas. El mercado de carburantes de automoción esta reduciéndose de forma importante desde el comienzo de la crisis, por lo que es necesario realizar un análisis profundo de ingresos (ventas y márgenes) y costes (fijos y variables), así como de las inversiones a realizar. Se deduce del estudio que la rentabilidad de la compañía es relativamente alta pero viene dada por un gran número de variables, internas y externas a la propia compañía. En definitiva, el negocio de las estaciones de servicio se basa en un producto con muy bajo margen e impuestos muy altos y es por ello que la competencia a nivel de precios esta muy limitada. Además y dado el nivel de inversiones y costes es necesario un volumen de ventas alto para poder conseguir superar el punto de equilibrio económico. ABSTRACT The scope of this project is to develop the theoretical annual plan of an oil products distribution company, which aims to maintain the levels of market share in the service stations market, assessing the returns achieved. The motor fuels market is decreasing significantly since the beginning of the crisis, making it necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of revenue (sales and margins) and costs (fixed and variable), as well as investments to be made . It follows from the study that the company's profitability is relatively high but is given by a large number of variables, internals and externals to the company. In short, the service stations business is based on a product with very low margin and that is the reason that the price competition level is very limited. Moreover, given the level of investments and costs is necessary to sale a high volume in order to get beyond the break even.

Thermal reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons,

Mode of access: Internet.

Study on the pyrolytic behaviour of xylan-based hemicellulose using TG-FTIR and Py-GC-FTIR

Two sets of experiments, categorized as TG–FTIR and Py–GC–FTIR, are employed to investigate the mechanism of the hemicellulose pyrolysis and the formation of main gaseous and bio-oil products. The “sharp mass loss stage” and the corresponding evolution of the volatile products are examined by the TG–FTIR graphs at the heating rate of 3–80 K/min. A pyrolysis unit, composed of fluidized bed reactor, carbon filter, vapour condensing system and gas storage, is employed to investigate the products of the hemicellulose pyrolysis under different temperatures (400–690 °C) at the feeding flow rate of 600 l/h. The effects of temperature on the condensable products are examined thoroughly. The possible routes for the formation of the products are systematically proposed from the primary decomposition of the three types of unit (xylan, O-acetylxylan and 4-O-methylglucuronic acid) and the secondary reactions of the fragments. It is found that the formation of CO is enhanced with elevated temperature, while slight change is observed for the yield of CO2 which is the predominant products in the gaseous mixture.

Spray Pyrolysed Tin Chalcogenide Thin Films: Optimization of optoelectronic properties of SnS for possible photovoltaic application as an absorber layer

In the early 19th century, industrial revolution was fuelled mainly by the development of machine based manufacturing and the increased use of coal. Later on, the focal point shifted to oil, thanks to the mass-production technology, ease of transport/storage and also the (less) environmental issues in comparison with the coal!! By the dawn of 21st century, due to the depletion of oil reserves and pollution resulting from heavy usage of oil the demand for clean energy was on the rising edge. This ever growing demand has propelled research on photovoltaics which has emerged successful and is currently being looked up to as the only solace for meeting our present day energy requirements. The proven PV technology on commercial scale is based on silicon but the recent boom in the demand for photovoltaic modules has in turn created a shortage in supply of silicon. Also the technology is still not accessible to common man. This has onset the research and development work on moderately efficient, eco-friendly and low cost photovoltaic devices (solar cells). Thin film photovoltaic modules have made a breakthrough entry in the PV market on these grounds. Thin films have the potential to revolutionize the present cost structure of solar cells by eliminating the use of the expensive silicon wafers that alone accounts for above 50% of total module manufacturing cost.

Metodologias de planeamento e gestão de stocks numa empresa vinícola

O planeamento e gestão de stocks assume uma enorme relevância no contexto empresarial para que se possa responder de forma eficaz às flutuações do mercado e, consequentemente aumentar a produtividade e competitividade da empresa. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido numa empresa do setor vitivinícola português e tem como objetivo estudar os processos de gestão de stocks da mesma, de forma a melhorar os seus resultados operacionais. Mais especificamente, pretende-se elaborar um plano de gestão de stocks para que se possam definir políticas que se adequem a cada produto de forma a evitar quebras de stocks. Para alcançar os objetivos, considerou-se a seguinte metodologia: (1) análise da procura de produtos; (2) perceber de que forma se comporta a procura ao longo do ano; (3) definição do tipo de política de planeamento a ser adotada para cada grupo de produtos; (4) cálculo das quantidades de stock a produzir e o intervalo de tempo entre cada produção e (5) verificação da operacionalidade do plano de intervenção de modo a melhorar o planeamento da produção. As propostas de intervenção passaram pela implementação de políticas de gestão de stocks, nomeadamente a política de ponto de encomenda e a política de revisão cíclica. Passaram também pelo estudo da sazonalidade das vendas dos diferentes tipos de vinho de forma a facilitar o planeamento da preparação de espumantes. Embora as propostas não tenham sido postas em prática, são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens das mesmas, bem como apresentadas propostas de melhoria.

Óleo de carpa (cyprinus carpio): obtenção, refino e produção de concentração de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as características e os perfis lipídicos dos óleos brutos e refinados de rejeitos de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio), obtidos através dos processos de ensilagem ácida e termomecânico de farinha de pescado. Também foram realizados o estudo da reação de alcoólise química do óleo de carpa e obtenção de concentrados de concentrados de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs), através da reação de complexação com uréia. O rendimento obtido em óleo bruto para ambos os processos foi em torno de 85% em relação ao óleo presente nas vísceras de carpa. Os óleos brutos obtidos através do processo de ensilagem e do processo termomecânico apresentaram diferenças significantivas (P < 0,05) para ácidos graxos livres, índice de peróxido, valor do ácido tiobarbitúrico e cor Lovibond. Entretanto, os óleos refinados obtidos por ambos os processos não apresentaram diferença significativa para a cor Lovibond, ácidos graxos livres e valores do ácido tiobarbitúrico. Os principais ácidos graxos identificados nos óleos bruto, branqueado e refinado de vísceras de carpa foram oléico, palmítico, palmitoléico, linoléico e linolênico constituindo aproximadamente 69,6% dos ácidos graxo totais do óleo refinado. A relação ω3/ω6 foi de aproximadamente 1,05 para o óleo refinado. Assim, o óleo refinado das vísceras de carpa pode ser considerado uma rica fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais do grupo ω3 e ω6. No estudo da reação de alcoólise química e obtenção dos concentrados de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, foi realizada a comparação de três tratamentos para reação de alcoólise variando-se a concentração molar óleo:álcool (1:21, 1:27 e 1:39). Os tratamentos apresentaram diferenças significativas para as respostas rendimento em massa de ácidos graxos livres e índice de acidez. O maior rendimento para a reação de alcoólise foi utilizando a concentração molar de 1:39 (óleo:álcool). Na fração não complexada com uréia obteve-se aumento percentual de ácidos graxos insaturados e poliinsaturados de 31,9%, redução de saturados de 75%, e aumento do conteúdo dos ácidos graxos eicosapentaenóico e docosahexaenóico (EPA+DHA) de 85,3%. A fração não complexada com uréia pode ser considerada uma rica fonte de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e insaturados com um total de 88,9% desses ácidos graxos.

“Mais vale intervir, do que remediar" Cultura de segurança e resiliência: O futuro caminho das organizações

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.

Hidrocarbonetos alifáticos em sedimentos de fundo do estuário do Rio Potengi, grande Natal (RN): implicações ambientais

The Potengi river estuary is located in the region of Natal (RN, Brazil), comprising a population of approximately 1,000,000 inhabitants. Besides the dominant urban presence, the estuary has fragments of mangrove forest. The objective of this study is to determine the aliphatic hydrocarbons found in the bottom sediments of this estuary, identifying their levels, distribution and their possible origins through the diagnostic rates, indexes and results comparisons with the local anthropic and natural characteristics. The samples were obtained according to a plan that allowed sampling of the estuary up to 12 km upstream from it as mounth. 36 stations were selected, grouped into 12 cross sections through the course of the river and spaced on average by 1 km. Each section consisted of three stations: the right margin, the deepest point and the left margin. The hydrocarbon n-alkanes from C10 to C36, the isoprenoids pristane and phytane, the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and the total resolved hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography. N-alkanes, pristane, phytane and UCM were detected only at some stations. In the other, the concentration was below the detection limit defined by the analytical method (0.1 mg / kg), preventing them from being analyzed to determine the origin of the material found. By using different parameters, the results show that the estuary receives both the input of petrogenic hydrocarbons, but also of biogenic hydrocarbons, featuring a mixture of sources and relatively impacted portions. Based on the characteristics and activities found in the region, it is possible to affirm that petrogenic sources related to oil products enter the estuary via urban runoff or boats traffic, boat washing and fueling. Turning to the biogenic source, the predominant origin was terrestrial, characterized by vascular plants, indicating contribution of mangrove vegetation. It was evident the presence of, at specific points in the estuary, hydrocarbon pollution, and, therefore is recommended the adoption of actions aimed at interrupting or, at least, mitigating the sources potentially capable of damp petrogenic hydrocarbons in the estuary studied.

Tratamento eletroquímico de efluente proveniente de caixas separadoras de água e óleo de postos revendedores de combustíveis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior