Transparência da governança florestal na Amazônia: uma análise de cumprimento da Lei de Acesso à Informação nos estados

A efetividade das políticas para a redução do desmatamento depende da capacidade dos governos nacionais e subnacionais, em conjunto com a sociedade e o mercado, em formular, implementar e fiscalizar tais políticas. Tal capacidade reflete a qualidade da governança florestal, conceito que se refere ao exercício de poder no processo político relacionado à utilização de recursos florestais e que tem a transparência como um de seus componentes fundamentais. Considerando que a Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) é um dos mais relevantes instrumentos legais com propósito de assegurar transparência à administração pública brasileira, o presente trabalho avalia a transparência das instituições estaduais responsáveis pela política florestal na Amazônia, por meio do grau de cumprimento da LAI. Os resultados apontam para uma implementação ainda baixa desta Lei na transparência ativa (informações que divulgam independente de pedidos) e, principalmente, na transparência passiva (respostas a pedidos de acesso à informação). Neste assunto, apenas 15,7% dos pedidos foram respondidos no prazo, com tempo médio de resposta de 11,7 dias e a taxa de precisão de apenas 5%. A baixa implementação de facto é aderente à hipótese de que os fatores que incentivariam a adoção de mecanismos de transparência na região são mais fracos que suas barreiras.

A transição para a assimetria regulatória e os mecanismos de sustentabilidade deste modelo: uma análise dos aeroportos concedidos e dos aeroportos autorizados

O presente estudo destina-se à análise do modelo de assimetria regulatória, a partir de dois problemas pontuais, quais sejam: os mecanismos necessários para se obter um ambiente assimétrico, bem como a maneira pela qual se deve orquestrar tal modelo, de forma a compatibilizar uma convivência sustentável em uma estrutura híbrida de competição. Observar-se-á a maneira pela qual pode ser promovida a alteração de um ambiente de simetria regulatória para um ambiente de assimetria, resguardando os direitos e obrigações dos prestadores de determinada atividade, inseridos naquela seara. Ademais, buscar-se-á sugerir instrumentos legais para se permitir a composição de dois meios de exploração de determinada atividade econômica, um que se dê segundo o direito público (publicatio); e outro, que se relacione com o direito privado (ordenatio); compreendendo assim, a dita assimetria regulatória. A título ilustrativo, adentrar-se-á na verificação da medida provisória (MP) 656/14 - a qual previa um possível modelo em que se teria duas ofertas de infraestrutura aeroportuária - para melhor exemplificar como, juridicamente, pode-se viabilizar esta disposição de prestação dual, via poder público (ou delegatários), segundo a forma de concessão; e iniciativa privada, segundo a forma de autorização.

Transparência subnacional: um estudo das variáveis determinantes para o atendimento da lei de acesso à informação nos municípios brasileiros

O fortalecimento da democracia passa necessariamente pelo acesso a informação. Esta vem sendo regulada por marcos legais ao longo das últimas décadas. Entretanto sabemos que a prática por vezes não corresponde à teoria. Verificar como os municípios brasileiros vêm implementando suas obrigações em face da LAI passa, além de avaliar seu cumprimento pela investigação das causas de eventuais desníveis em tal atendimento. Mais que isto, tentar identificar variáveis que impactem mais decisivamente tal implementação. A partir desta premissa, buscamos identificar tais fatores e quantificar o impacto de cada um deles no resultado de avaliação de um dos índices de transparência criados recentemente – o Escala Brasil Transparente (EBT). Cumpriu-se essa tarefa por meio das seguintes ações: (i) realização de pesquisa bibliográfica a partir da produção acadêmica; (ii) catalogação e análise dos instrumentos legais para transparência; (iii) levantamento das variáveis determinantes para a transparência; (iv) estabelecimento de relação entre tais variáveis e os índices de transparência encontrados, por meio de técnicas estatísticas, especialmente correlação e regressão. As pesquisas feitas constataram que a produção acadêmica da área de Administração Pública sobre o tema ainda é virtualmente inexistente e que as investigações da causalidade da transparência se faz necessária; que, dada a correlação encontrada entre as variáveis selecionadas e a transparência, as conclusões são por hipóteses promissoras que merecem estudos mais detalhados, com técnicas qualitativas a fim de uma determinação mais precisa de causa-efeito.

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Desenvolvimento como acesso às políticas públicas: a reforma do estado e a concretização dos direitos prestacionais

The state s evolution, after its liberal and the social stages, arrives at the post-social state, also regarded as regulatory state, which, in order to accomplish the state s aims, employs indirect interventions in the economy. The new model of administration adapts principles and concepts form the private sector such as the quest for efficience and tangible results, also striving for the decentralization of state s power to improve effectiveness before the new paradigm of handling of affairs of public interest. Present state derives its legitimacy from the efficiency principle, the legitimacy of the public administration cannot be limited to an analysis of legality, but the fulfillment of the ends envisaged by the public authority on its policies. These public policies have the objective of satisfying fundamental rights of the citizens. The access to public policies set by states as a way of enjoyment of the aforementioned rights constitute a legal and demandable path of development. The creation of public policies and the access to them must abide to the efficiency principle. This access must be taken unther the principles of legal and material equality, inasmuch as the liberty and real liberty. The access must also be observed as a matter of limited resources to grant, in reality, the access and enjoyment of these rights. The demandable nature of the access to public policies binds the public authority into broadening the range of these policies to every one who needs them. Thus, in this spectrum, the role of the Regulatory State, as the legal instruments for access of public policies as a legal path to development, is analyzed in the present work

O desenvolvimento sustentável na ordem constitucional e sua promoção através do planejamento urbano

The man, being subject and object of their changes, has passed by many process to find a better life way. Since your existence, he finds to live in groups for make easy your life and make concrete yours desires. All by history, when the individual´s rights was establishment, collectives and lonely way, contribute for evaluate the relationship between individuals and they own, and them and state, which has a duty to those, positive or negative, depending on the case. The circle of fundamentals rights has been sustainable development and the concept of growth economy associated to the environment protection. This association reflect a apparent conflict between values very distinct, but the constitutional interpretation can be reunite both of them and make it live in harmony; values of environmental order and economical order can be exist together, as long as the state contribute to this. On the city, where the most of relationships happening, the urban plan appear how a effective way of sustainable development, finding the harmony between the growth economy and environment protection. To effective the socials functions of the city (inhabit, circulate, work and entertainment) and the citizen´s life quality, the city is the scenery that show how the urban plan, across established previously legal instruments, like the governmental public politics, to effective the right to development, right of third generation. The director plan how effective tool for local needs - obligation defined by Citizen Statute that contribute for the program linked defined by the urban plan. The state´s intervention on the private sector of citizen, and the restriction on their rights are be justified by the collective´s rights and their quality of life. So, in front the urban scenery has been the plan to make social functions of city, the healthy way of life, which is the sustainable development

Desenvolvimento Urbano e Cidades Inclusivas: Estudo Analítico do Princípio Constitucional da Função Social das Cidades

The reality of Latin America points out that the industrialization and urbanization are complementary processes associated each other. Thus, by consequence of the demographic growth, observes the aggravation of an urbanization completely disordered and without infrastructure capable of guaranteeing rights and basic services to the population. In parallel, the dissemination of information, the valorization of human dignity, promoted by social welfare, and expectations of consumption aggravates the tensions among social actors, leading to the Theory of the Right to Development to worry about the (re)construction of cities. Before this reality, the Federal Constitution of 1988 proposed a participatory urban policy, grounded in the ideal of confrontation of social exclusion of a more comprehensive, represented by the principle of the social function of cities, which must be stratified into four inclusion´s central axes, namely: the social in the strict sense, the economic, the cultural and the policy. The Analysis of each of these dimensions, keeping the focus on reality and the Brazilian legal system, composes specific objectives of this work. Thus, through deductive research, with use of technique bibliographical and interdisciplinary, this dissertation aims to make connections between social function and development, proposing an analytical concept for the proposing an analytical concept for the principle of social function of cities, through the study of its basic elements. With this, purports to demonstrate how results, firstly, that the juridical study, to fully understand the process of marginalization, must maintain multidisciplinary perspective, own social sciences. Also aims to demonstrate that the dimensions of inclusion are formed by fundamental rights, individual and collective, of liberties and of social guarantees and that without respect to all of them there is no way to talk about implementation of urban development and nor, consequently, about inclusive cities. At the end, after checking the main legal instruments of urban policy that emphasize the community participation, provided for in the Statute of the Cities, and that potentiate the breakup of the circles of exclusion, the work want contribute to the clarification and the awaken to the importance of a new perspective democratic of development in the country, grounded in the appreciation of the individual for realization of modern management, decentralized and that, therefore, inserts the effective participation of urban communities in the acting of the State

Efetividade dos direitos trabalhistas e os princípios constitucionais concretizadores da proteção laboral

The Brazilian Constitution aims to regularize the broadest possible the fundamental grounded in the value and supreme principle of human dignity, supporting a Democratic State of Law, to essentially give basic rights to all for a dignified existence. As the result of a historical development, fundamental rights incorporated by legal order represents a real reaction against acts that ignored the dignity of each person in one of these scenarios, especially inserted into the labor relationship, the principle of protection comes to balance and compose such relationship between employers and workers, raising this principle as axiological essence of this subject, based especially on the protection and guarantee of fundamental rights of the worker. For this study, was developed a literature research using books, legislation, legal websites and articles related to the subject, in order to analyze the principle of protection insert in the legal order, properly authoritative on the principle of equality, the social value of the work of human dignity to confer protection to the most vulnerable and admittedly weak of the labor relationship in order to serve the specific regulations legal practical tools and effective protection, against the employer hierarchical power and steering that can not change into abuses and attacks on the fundamental rights of the worker. In conclusion, is not enough, recognizing the vulnerability of the worker, it is necessary to carry out protective legal instruments in line with the the human dignity, consectário logical fundamental rights of workers, to be held in a proportional manner and sometimes flexible, depending on the case. Protection has a beginning and end to ensure that the human dignity that must presuppose a working relationship achieved by orderly and normative power of constitutional norms, with the aim of designing that labor is not an end in itself, but a means to the achievement of the economic advancement by promoting social development and providing necessary support for the increasingly marked impairment of fundamental rights of the worker

What Role Should Government Regulation Play in Ecological Restoration? Ongoing Debate in São Paulo State, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Percepção e ações educativas em ambientes escolares: enfoques aos documentos legais determinantes em área de proteção ambiental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Regionalização do território de Tambaú (SP) em microbacias hidrográficas e técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial como insumos a gestão governamental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Reforma agrária e desenvolvimento sustentável: aspectos obrigacionais e instrumentos legais de proteção

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Paternidad responsable en el Istmo Centroamericano

Incluye Bibliografía

Transição democrática, engajamento intelectual e reformas políticas: a trajetória intelectual de Luiz Werneck Vianna nos anos 1990

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS