Arkistoluettelo 104: Yrjö Kilpinen

Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Yrjö Kilpisen arkiston sisällöstä

Finska språkets satslära: ett försök af Yrjö Koskinen

Imprimatur: C. A. Sanmark.

Reynolds-stress turbulence model in the KIVA code for engine simulation

A Reynolds-Stress Turbulence Model has been incorporated with success into the KIVA code, a computational fluid dynamics hydrocode for three-dimensional simulation of fluid flow in engines. The newly implemented Reynolds-stress turbulence model greatly improves the robustness of KIVA, which in its original version has only eddy-viscosity turbulence models. Validation of the Reynolds-stress turbulence model is accomplished by conducting pipe-flow and channel-flow simulations, and comparing the computed results with experimental and direct numerical simulation data. Flows in engines of various geometry and operating conditions are calculated using the model, to study the complex flow fields as well as confirm the model’s validity. Results show that the Reynolds-stress turbulence model is able to resolve flow details such as swirl and recirculation bubbles. The model is proven to be an appropriate choice for engine simulations, with consistency and robustness, while requiring relatively low computational effort.

Simulation of four stroke engine cycle for a 4 - valve pentroof engine in KIVA 3VR2

The main purpose of this project is to understand the process of engine simulation using the open source CFD code called KIVA. This report mainly discusses the simulation of the 4-valve Pentroof engine through KIVA 3VR2. KIVA is an open source FORTRAN code which is used to solve the fluid flow field in the engines with the transient 2D and 3D chemically reactive flow with spray. It also focuses on the complete procedure to simulate an engine cycle starting from pre- processing until the final results. This report will serve a handbook for the using the KIVA code.

Implementation of the conjugate heat transfer code in KIVA-4

KIVA is an open Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) source code that is capable to compute the transient two and three-dimensional chemically reactive fluid flows with spray. The latest version in the family of KIVA codes is the KIVA-4 which is capable of handling the unstructured mesh. This project focuses on the implementation of the Conjugate Heat Transfer code (CHT) in KIVA-4. The previous version of KIVA code with conjugate heat transfer code has been developed at Michigan Technological University by Egel Urip and is be used in this project. During the first phase of the project, the difference in the code structure between the previous version of KIVA and the KIVA-4 has been studied, which is the most challenging part of the project. The second phase involves the reverse engineering where the CHT code in previous version is extracted and implemented in KIVA-4 according to the new code structure. The validation of the implemented code is performed using a 4-valve Pentroof engine case. A solid cylinder wall has been developed using GRIDGEN which surrounds 3/4th of the engine cylinder and heat transfer to the solid wall during one engine cycle (0-720 Crank Angle Degree) is compared with that of the reference result. The reference results are nothing but the same engine case run in the previous version with the original code developed by Egel. The results of current code are very much comparable to that of the reference results which verifies that successful implementation of the CHT code in KIVA-4.

Implementation of monotonic higher order upwind scheme in KIVA 4

KIVA is a FORTRAN code developed by Los Alamos national lab to simulate complete engine cycle. KIVA is a flow solver code which is used to perform calculation of properties in a fluid flow field. It involves using various numerical schemes and methods to solve the Navier-Stokes equation. This project involves improving the accuracy of one such scheme by upgrading it to a higher order scheme. The numerical scheme to be modified is used in the critical final stage calculation called as rezoning phase. The primitive objective of this project is to implement a higher order numerical scheme, to validate and verify that the new scheme is better than the existing scheme. The latest version of the KIVA family (KIVA 4) is used for implementing the higher order scheme to support handling the unstructured mesh. The code is validated using the traditional shock tube problem and the results are verified to be more accurate than the existing schemes in reference with the analytical result. The convection test is performed to compare the computational accuracy on convective transfer; it is found that the new scheme has less numerical diffusion compared to the existing schemes. A four valve pentroof engine, an example case of KIVA package is used as application to ensure the stability of the scheme in practical application. The results are compared for the temperature profile. In spite of all the positive results, the numerical scheme implemented has a downside of consuming more CPU time for the computational analysis. The detailed comparison is provided. However, in an overview, the implementation of the higher order scheme in the latest code KIVA 4 is verified to be successful and it gives better results than the existing scheme which satisfies the objective of this project.

Seguimiento de la calidad y evaluación de la adquisición de competencias del practicum de nutrición clínica en el grado de NHD

El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer herramientas de evaluación de las competencias profesionales que deben ser adquiridas por los alumnos del Grado de Nutrición Humana y Dietética (NHD) de la Universidad de Alicante. Concretamente, de la asignatura del Practicum de Nutrición Clínica (PNC) (prácticas pre-profesionales clínicas). Existen numerosos estudios que ponen de manifiesto cuáles son las competencias profesionales a adquirir en el entorno de la nutrición como profesional. No obstante, estas competencias tienen entre sus características la dificultad de su evaluación en el aula. El Practicum supone un entorno ideal para la puesta en práctica de las mismas, dado que se trata del mejor escenario de simulación previo a su inserción laboral. Para ello, en base a los objetivos formativos y competencias de la asignatura, hemos elaborado un cuestionario online que ayude al desarrollo y evaluación de la asignatura por parte del alumnado. En general, tanto la satisfacción global como el desarrollo de los objetivos son adecuados. Aun así, los resultados evidencian déficits en la asignatura, que serán de gran utilidad para elaborar propuestas de mejora fundamentales para la organización, seguimiento y evaluación de la asignatura PNC del Grado NHD en la Universidad de Alicante durante los próximos cursos.

Die Temporalconjunctionen der deutschen Sprache in der Ubergangszeit vom mhd zum nhd, besprochen im Anschluss an Peter Suchenwirt und Hugo von Montfort.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin.

Implementing The KiVa Antibullying Program: What Does It Take?

There is variation in how teachers and schools implement bullying prevention programs. Although this variation has been discussed, there has been little empirical research concerning the relationship between implementation fidelity and program outcomes. This thesis contains three studies, each of them in the context of implementing the KiVa antibullying program, and examines teachers’ actions in preventing and intervening in school bullying. The first aim of this thesis is to examine implementation degree of the KiVa curriculum and its’ association with reductions in victimization and bullying perpetration (Study I). The second aim is to clarify why teachers displayed different degrees of adherence to the KiVa curriculum during a school year (Study II). Thirdly, it is investigated whether recognizing victimization can be difficult for school staff (Study III). In addition to these peer-reviewed studies, the thesis includes a qualitative analysis (unpublished) of the teachers’ open answers concerning their implementation experiences. The data were collected from elementary school teachers (Studies I–II; the unpublished study), elementary school students (Study I), and students on the elementary and middle school levels (Study III) during the evaluation of the effectiveness of KiVa antibullying program between 2007 and 2009. The findings demonstrate that a larger reduction in victimization can be achieved in classrooms where teachers display higher levels of adherence to the KiVa curriculum and invest more time for preparing the lessons. Bullying perpetration, however, was not equally affected by the level of curriculum implementation. With respect to the implementation process over one year, there was significant variation between individual teachers’ activity—ranging from systematic and high implementation to declining delivery from lesson to lesson. The sustained actions (high and moderate levels of implementation) were premised on principal support for antibullying work. Lesson preparation was associated with keeping implementation high throughout the school year. The findings also implied that the belief in the effectiveness of the program is important for a higher implementation degree at starting point of the process. Finally, there are severe flaws in teachers’ ability to identify students who are victimized. As it turns out, it is possible that only one-fourth of chronically victimized students are helped by the school staff. Especially when the victims are middle-school-aged girls, when they bully others themselves, or when they do not tell adults about bullying, reaching out for them is difficult. Implementation and dissemination of research-based interventions will take a good deal of time and effort. The findings demonstrate that active implementation is important for improving program outcomes. They also show how implementation can be sustained—there are both individual and interpersonal factors that facilitate or inhibit high-quality implementation. Thus, implications for future research regarding the implementation of school-based programs are suggested.

Dissolution of sucrose crystals in the anhydrous sorbitol melt

The dissolution of a sugar (sucrose as a model) with higher melting point was studied in a molten food polyol (sorbitol as a model) with lower melting point, both in anhydrous state. A DSC and optical examination revealed the dissolution of anhydrous sucrose crystals (mp 192 degreesC) in anhydrous sorbitol (mp 99 degreesC) liquid melt. The sucrose-sorbitol crystal mixtures at the proportions of 10, 30, 60, 100 and 150 g of sucrose per 100 g of sorbitol were heat scanned in a DSC to above melting endotherm of sorbitol but well below the onset temperature of melting of sucrose at three different temperatures 110, 130 and 150 degreesC. The heat scanning modes used were with or without isothermal holding. The dissolution of sucrose in the sorbitol liquid melt was manifested by an increase in the glass transition temperature of the melt and corresponding decrease in endothermic melting enthalpy of sucrose. At given experimental conditions, as high as 25 and 85% of sucrose dissolved in the sorbitol melt during 1 h of isothermal holding at 110 and 150 degreesC, respectively. Optical microscopic observation also clearly showed the reduction in the size of sucrose crystals in sorbitol melt during the isothermal holding at those temperatures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Silta yksilöstä yhteisöön : ryhmätyö teatterin tekemisen välineenä

This final thesis focused on experimental knowledge of working in the group. The topic was approached from the perspective of the theatre group director. The thesis itself contains two practical theatre group examples. One is a youngsters' theatre group called La Drama, directed by the author during 2004/2005. The other one is the author's own final artistic production, named Protasio - Kohtaamisia Afrikassa (Protasio - Meeting in Africa), which opened in January 2006. The group leader's role is presented as an important personal tool in theatre, and one that it is important to develop in a professional way. The director's role is to be the promoter of the process, the inspirer and a strong group leader. A person who is in this role will lead the group through the creative process using the community. The thesis identifies and advocates good practice, and ideas of how to create theatre with a group-based method. These analyses can offer useful ideas and knowledge to the beginner in the field of theatre direction.

Isä pienen lapsen hoitajana : katsaus isyyteen ja perusasioita isän toimimisesta pienen lapsen hoitajana

Opinnäytetyöni kuuluu Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulun ja Tampereen yliopiston yhteiseen projektiin nimeltään 'Urbaani vanhemmuus', jonka tarkoituksena on tukea vauvaperheiden hyvinvointia loppuraskauden ja vauvan ensimmäisen elinvuoden aikana. Oma työni kuvaa isyyden kehitystä ja muutosta sekä kuvaa isän toimimista pienen lapsen hoitajana sekä siinä huomioitavia seikkoja pääpiirteissään. Opinnäytetyöni on toiminnallinen opinnäytetyö, jossa tämän työn ohella toinen lopputuote on verkkosivut pienen lapsen vanhemmille, jossa oma osioni on kohdistettu isille. 1950-luvun jälkeen isyyden roolimalli ja isyys itsessään on elänyt varsin voimakasta muutoksen ja muutostarpeen aikaa. Vanhakantaisesta patriarkaalisesta isyydestä on luovuttu tai siitä ollaan luopumassa. Sen tilalle on nousemassa uusia isyyden roolimalleja tai pikemminkin miesnäkökulmia, kuten "uusi isyys", joka on noussut varsinaisesti esille Suomessa 1990-luvulla. Sen keskeisenä ajatuksena on isien samanarvoinen sitoutuminen lapsenhoitoon, kotitöihin ja parisuhteeseen kuin aikaisemmin on totuttu näkemään naisen/äidin rooliin kuuluvana. Myös naisten korkeampi kouluttautuminen ja aikaisempaa suurempi osuus työelämässä sekä kasvaneet vaatimukset perhe-elämän ja työnteon suhteen ovat olleet voimakkaasti vaikuttamassa tarpeeseen isien roolin uudelleenmäärittelemiseksi. Merkittävää osuutta myös nykyisessä sukupuoliroolien uudelleenjakautumisessa on näytellyt lisääntyvä individualismi. Se vaikuttaa toisaalta naisten/äitien kautta niin etteivät he halua enää "alistua kodinhengettäriksi" ja lapsen kasvattajiksi, vaan he haluavat toteuttaa enemmän itseään ja omia päämääriään sekä työelämässä että vapaa-ajallaan. Toisaalta isät voivat sen taustavaikuttamana pyrkiä entistä vahvemmin toimimaan omien altruitististen motiiviensa mukaan sekä pyrkiä "toteuttamaan itseään" joko perheen ulkopuolella tai omien tarkoitusperiensä mukaisesti perheessä vanhan patriarkaalisen roolimallin mukaisesti. Isyyttä ei nykyään nähdä samanlaisena ja automaattisena asiana kuin se on totuttu näkemään aikaisemmin. Avioerojen ja uusperheiden sekä yksinhuoltajuuden ja lasten sijoittamisen lisääntyvät määrät ovat muokanneet isyyttä ja antaneet sille uusia mahdollisuuksia biologisen, juridisen, sosiaalisen ja psykologisen isyyden muodoissa sekä niiden toteuttamisen/toteutumisen suhteen. Myös nykyaikaiset perhe- ja kumppanuusmuodot ovat nostaneet perinteisen käsitteen ydinperheen tarpeellisuudesta ja välttämättömyydestä lapselle esille ja tarkasteltavaksi. Myös isä voi niin halutessaan oppia toimimaan hyvänä hoitajana lapselleen. Perushoidolliset asiat ovat hyvinkin yksinkertaisia koskien lapsen fyysistä hoitamista ja henkistä läsnäoloa. Myös vanhempien omaan jaksamiseen tulisi kiinnittää huomiota, jotta tilanne ei muodostuisi kohtuuttomaksi kenellekään..