Una taxonomía de la primera persona del plural

En este artículo se busca elaborar filosóficamente el concepto nosotros. Metodológicamente, se utiliza al constructivismo filosófico de Deleuze y Guattari. Se parte de una taxonomía comprensiva de la pragmática del pronombre de primera persona plural ‘nosotros’, y luego señalando juegos de oposiciones que brindan consistencia interna y externa al concepto. Se muestra que el pronombre implica múltiples usos que permiten tratarlo como una herramienta discursiva que afecta el campo de lo social.

Corrupción, reforma y realidad. Incidencia de la corrupción publicada por los medios de comunicación en la estructura de la policía nacional de Colombia (1993 – 2012)

El texto analiza el impacto de la corrupción policial presentada por los medios de comunicación desde 1993 hasta el 2012 en la estructura interna de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. En el primer capítulo se plantea un estado del arte del concepto de corrupción policial, asimismo, se incluyen las teorías bajo las cuales se ha entendido el fenómeno a nivel mundial buscando generar soluciones plausibles a un flagelo en el que se ven inmiscuidos una gran cantidad de cuerpos policiales en el mundo. En el segundo apartado, se evalúa de manera cuantitativa cómo los casos de corrupción han modificado la estructura de la Policía Nacional, pero a su vez, cómo éstas modificaciones han sido evanescentes. En el tercer capítulo, se escudriña el impacto y los cambios estructurales desde la perspectiva de los miembros del cuerpo policial, recurriendo a la recolección de datos de manera cualitativa por medio de entrevistas y encuestas. En el cuarto momento se analiza la incidencia de los directores de la policía en la lucha contra la corrupción policial y como se establece una relación entre los subalternos y los mandos medios al momento de realizar este tipo de actividades. Finalmente se plasman las conclusiones a las que se llegó posterior a la realización del trabajo investigativo.

Evolving definition of sociomuseology : proposal for reflection

Sociomuseology expresses a considerable amount of the effort made to suit museological facilities to the conditions of contemporary society. The process of opening up the museum, as well as its organic relation with the social context that infuses it with life, has resulted in the need to structure and clarify the relations, notions and concepts that may define this process. Sociomuseology is thus a scientific field of teaching, research and performance which emphasizes the articulation of museology, in particular, with the areas of knowledge covered by Human Sciences, Development Studies, Services Science, and Urban and Rural Planning. The multidisciplinary approach of Sociomuseology aims to strengthen the acknowledgement of museology as a resource for the sustainable development of Humanity, based on equal opportunities as well as social and economic inclusion. Sociomuseology bases its social intervention on mankind’s cultural and natural heritage, both tangible and intangible. What characterizes Sociomuseology is not so much the nature of its premises and its goals, as is the case with other areas of knowledge, but the interdisciplinary focus which makes it draw on perfectly consolidated areas of knowledge and relate them with Museology itself.

A Linguistic Analysis of Spanglish: Relating Language to Identity.

According to the 2000 census, 35.3 million Hispanics live in the United States. This number comprises 12.5% of the overall population rendering the Latino community the largest minority in the United States. The Mexican community is not only the largest Hispanic group but also the fastest growing: from 1990 to 2000, the Mexican population grew 52.9% increasing from 13.5 million to 20.6 million (U.S. Department of Commerce News, 2001). The influx of Mexican immigrants coupled with the expansion of their community within the United States has created an unparalleled situation of language contact. Language is synonymous with identity (cf. Granger, 2004, and works cited within). To the extent that this is true, Spanish is synonymous with being Mexican and by extension, Chicano. With the advent of amnesty programs such as Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which naturalized millions of Mexican migrants, what was once a temporal migratory population has become increasingly permanent (Durand et al., 1999). In an effort to conserve Mexican traditions and identity, the struggle to preserve the mother tongue while at the same time acculturate to mainstream Americana has resulted in a variant of Spanglish that has received little attention. This paper will examine the variant of Spanglish seen in the greater Los Angeles area and liken it to the bi-national identity under which these Mexican Americans thrive.

Comunidade terapêutica: relato e análise de uma experiência

Neste trabalho, procuramos analisar fatores que contribuem para o sucesso ou insucesso de determinadas práticas terapêuticas em instituições psiquiátricas. Como prática social, que se realiza através de instituições, a psiquiatria e as relações sociais e humanas dela decorrentes, são, um campo privilegiado de aplicação de descobertas das ciências sociais e do comportamento e seu estudo dificilmente se fará a partir de uma só perspectiva, que nos possibilita referendar este trabalho sob uma abordagem institucional, considerando o hospital estudado como fazendo parte de um contexto mais amplo da sociedade. A análise foi realizada através da comparação de dados referentes aos pacientes e à equipe de atendimento do hospital psiquiátrico que ilustra este trabalho. Estes se referem a dois períodos diferentes de atendimento psiquiátrico. Consideramos o primeiro período como de terapêutica clássica e o segundo como o da implantação e expansão da experiência de comunidade terapêutica. Colocamos este segundo momento como o mais relevante na história das práticas terapêuticas daquele hospital, posto que marca o início de um período bastante diferente do anterior , tanto no que concerne às ideias e à abordagem dos problemas psiquiátricos em geral, quanto à atenção dispensada aos pacientes especificamente, deixando cada vez menor a margem para um tratamento unilateral da doença mental, não somente em termos teóricos, mas também, em termos práticos em virtude da tentativa de fortalecimento da vinculação paciente/família/comunidade. Entretanto a comparação realizada nos permite concluir que de acordo com os dados apresentados pelo hospital os dois períodos não diferem significativamente no que se referem aos pacientes e a equipe de atendimento. Considerando ainda que a prática terapêutica em hospitais públicos está organizada em função de objetivos da política de saúde vigente.

Acerca da família nuclear

Este trabalho é motivado por uma questão básica, presente, atual: A família nuclear estaria sofrendo uma transformação em sua organização. Especificamente a dissolubilidade dos laços matrimoniais estaria contribuindo para uma diferente ordenação das relações de parentesco. O modelo familiar proposto, aqui no Brasil, pela Igreja e pela higiene, como procuramos demonstrar no texto, está, ao menos no que diz respeito à classe média da população, sendo descaracterizado por um tipo de relacionamento afetivo diverso do casamento tradicional "até que a morte os separe". Esta pergunta se amplia numa questão maior: ou a organização familiar transforma-se através da história, através das diferentes formações sociais, ou a família nuclear, objeto da nossa pesquisa, é um sempre-existente; ou seja, desde que o homem se aculturou a forma de organização familiar se restringiu, com variações que não passariam de meras exceções, meros desvios da estrutura primordial (a família restrita), como querem alguns autores? A nossa resposta a esta questão é claramente a favor do ponto de vista que afirma a transformação da organização familiar através dos tempos, portanto através da história, e o que é mais importante, através de diferentes formações sociais. Assim sendo, fomos levados, não só pela nossa prática, mas principalmente pela íntima ligação que a pesquisa histórica revela entre o surgimento da psicanálise e a sedimentação do modelo da família restrita, pelo novo poder de "gerir a vida", ou seja, um poder que, ao invés de tirar a vida daqueles que não o servem a contento, se interessa em extrair da vida tudo que de melhor ela pode dar, um poder a quem interessa uma qualidade cada vez maior de corpos, a fim de explorar a maior quantidade possível de produção. A família por si só é um problema. Trata-se de uma instituição que obriga a todas as ciências humanas, inclusive a medicina, a se depararem com ela em suas respectivas práticas, seja esta prática empírica ou teórica. Daí, por tratar-se de um trabalho teórico, tornou-se necessário percorrer vários saberes, os mais notáveis no nosso entender, para poder atingir os nossos objetivos.

O jogo dos papeis e representações sociais na universidade: o estudo de um caso particular

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de descrever as expectativas relacionadas, diretamente, ao de s empenho do papel do professor universitãrio bem como, de modo articulado, descrever a representação social, dele formada no âmbito de uma especifica comunidade universitária pública. Foram realizadas 41 entrevistas com os três segmentos componentes da comunidade universitária, distribuídas da seguinte forma: is professores, 17 alunos e 9 funcionários, recrutados aleatoriamente, em suas unidades de ensino. Estas correspondiam as seguintes áreas: Psicologia, Educação, Filosofia, Ciências Sociais, Hist6ria e Comunicação - que fazem parte de uma mesma aglutinação de interesses, Ciências Humanas. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa para a obtenção dos relatos, através de método de história de vida. Assim, privilegiou-se a obtenção do conhecimento sobre o papel social e representação do professor de graduação, a partir dos relatos dos próprios componentes da comunidade universitária enfocada. O procedimento analítico utilizado para avaliar os depoimentos foi embasado na técnica de análise de conteúdo, através da utilização do método de categorias. A partir de análise detalhada foram surgindo os temas subjacentes a cada uma das categorias e, com isso, pode-se chegar às representações sociais dos professores. Ao trabalhar com essas categorias e seus temas subordinados é que se chegou às principais questões discutidas no presente trabalho: as representações da universidade em suas relações com a sociedade, papéis sociais e representações dos professores por cada um dos componentes dos segmentos entrevistados, as relações entre estes segmentos e as expectativas inerentes ao papel desempenhado pelos professores, entre outros.

Acesso aos serviços odontológicos e incidência de cárie em adolescentes e fatores de risco em município do Nordeste Brasileiro, 2006

The aims of this study were to analyze the access of dental services by child population, to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion in resident children from the municipal district of Sobral Ceará and to evaluate the incidence of the dental decay in adolescents associated with the factors related to socioeconomic condition, access to health services and self-perception. This study had as main factor the multidisciplinary represented by the participation of health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) in the development of the survey's initial reference; student from Human Sciences area to apply the structured questionnaire in domiciliary visits; statistics professionals in the orientation of the analysis to be held and family health team (community health agents, dentists and dental clinic assistants) in the scheduling of domiciliary visits and the accomplishment of oral exam. The sample was determined from the domicile record that included children born between 1990 and 1994 to develop the research Children health conditions in the municipal district of Sobral Ceará . The first sample comprised 3425 parents of children from 5 to 9 years old, living in the urban area at the municipal district of Sobral Ceará, aiming at identifying the most important factors associated to the access to dental service. From this sample, 1021 children were selected in a systematic way, for the accomplishment to the epidemiological study of decay, gingivitis and malocclusion. In the study's third phase, in order to arrange the group to be followed, 688 adolescents were examined and interviewed, by means of the active search from the 1021 individuals that had been previously examined. It was observed that 50.9% of the children had access to dental service at least once in a lifetime. Of this total, 65.3% accomplished it during the last year, and 85.4% of these did in public services, what allows to identify the importance of this sector in the access to dental services. It was observed that the factors that most affected the access to dental 129 services were related to socioeconomic condition, such as the access to health plan, the possession of toothbrush, garbage collecting, mother s schooling, sewerage treatment and malnutrition. In relation to oral diseases, an increase in the DMF-T index according the age was observed, from 0.10 in five years old to 1.66 in the nine years old, while with the dmf-t index, the inverse happened, since the index decreased from 3.59 in five years old to 2.69 in nine years old. In relation to gingivitis, an average 32.7% of the children presented gum bleeding. In what concerns malocclusion, it was observed that 60.3% of the children didn't present any problem, 30.17% had light malocclusion and 9.5% severe malocclusion. The average incidence of dental caries was 1.86 teeth per youngster. Among the studied variables, tooth pain in the last six months, mother's income and school snack, adjusted by the perception about the need of treatment, the mother's schooling and the dentist's appointment at least once in a lifetime, were the variables that presented positive relationship with the high incidence of dental caries on this population by logistic regression. Variables of socioeconomic nature, related to the access to health services and behavior and biological variables presented a relationship with the high caries incidence. The study point out to the need of developing health actions in a humanized way, by an oral health team effectively bound to the population's interest, with the great objective to provide, with the public health services managers, adequate conditions to improve oral health

Corpo e Velhice: um estudo da qualidade de vida de idosos da Vila Vicentina Júlia Freire em João Pessoa

The aim of this study was to follow the daily routine of elderly individuals residing at the Vila Vicentina Júlia Freire (VVJF) nursing home in João Pessoa, Brazil, observing and analyzing as much as possible, the way in which they live in a group and how they deal, through personal experiences, with their own body image and with that of others. The results were obtained from information considered relevant, according to the perspectives of the residents themselves, contained in narratives of their history and related to their quality of life. Our interest lays in how they coped with changes in their bodies at old age and adapted to the challenges of this new phase. To obtain this information, with significant expressions, we used the Narrative Interview (NI) as a research tool in order to redeem their life experience and develop an understanding of their impressions about the life experience at the current nursing home. We selected, among the housed, ten subjects - actors - to appear as a sample of the group together. The design of our sample had a hybrid model, combining two types: random sample (probability) and an intentional sample (not probability). After recording transcripts and ensuring that all the subjects showed common interests that were relevant to the group, we chose three categories for analysis as follows: a. the elderly as seen by themselves and by others; b. religiosity as a moral factor; c. intimacy and relationships. Our choice was based on the importance of the theme as a multidisciplinary topic in the quality of life of populations. The subjects, chosen as spokespersons for the VVJF, spoke, among other things, about the way in which they viewed the world, their own body and how they experienced the environment and their fellow residents, in an attitude of reflection and criticism that confirms the lucidity of an old age conditioned to an elderly institution. The method allowed us to investigate our subjects from a multidisciplinary point of view. We suggest other studies in assorted areas of the human sciences, having as principle, man at the center of all our scientific questionings. The paradigm that the elder is, necessarily, unhappy in his sheltered has been, in this job, broken through the testimonies collected, establishing multiple perspectives of the analyzed subjects by their respective narrative records. Involving the participation of researchers with major in Administration, Communication and Law, this study filled, in this aspect, the requirements of the multidisciplinarity of the Program of Pos-Graduation in Health Science

O estágio supervisionado como contexto de formação docente específica para educação infantil: o que dizem os formandos sobre suas aprendizagens?

Kindergarten teachers training gains the spotlight with the passing of Law number 9.394/96 (Guidelines and Basis Law) that defines this segment as the initial step of basic education, with pedagogical function. In this spectrum, the discussion about teacher training unravels to ensure social quality to education as well as the teacher s specificities towards child singularities. Adding to that, the growing propagation of Pedagogy in an undergraduate level, given that such course has been continually transformed by the National Curriculum Guidelines for Pedagogy (2006), highlighting the addition of curriculum components that are specific to upbringing. The complex debate circa kindergarten teachers training has advancements and hardships that need to be unveiled in order to improve both formation and social quality of education in the 0- 5 years old range. This investigation inserts itself in said context and aims to analyze which knowledge, specific to kindergarten teaching are constructed, according to undergraduate trainees, in Pedagogy s supervised internship. The study was conducted alongside the discipline: Supervised Internship in Child Education ministered by the Advanced Campus of Rio Grande do Norte s State University s in the municipality of Patu-RN (CAP-UERN-Patu) and was conducted through 2012 by accompanying four undergraduate interns. We first assumed that the development of teaching knowledge is a complex process of appropriation of cultural-social practices and is symbolically mediated by interactions that occur in the formation context, and the supervised internship can be understood as a space for the articulation and enlargement of theoretical and practical knowledge, directly related to the specificities of child education. The theoretical-methodological foundation was based upon the historiccultural approach of L. S. Vygotsky and M. Bakhtin s dialogism on human sciences research, as well as his postulates on learning and developmental processes, conceived as both essentially social and discursive. The investigation approached the principles of the qualitative perspective and to the construction and analysis of data, involved documental analysis and, specially, semi-structured interviews, both individual and collective, whose fundamental premise was the production-comprehension of meanings in a dialogical perspective. The participants texts/speeches produced a synthesis that points to the occurrence, within the supervised internship at CAP/UERN, of internalization/appropriation processes and, as such, of formulation of meanings that are pertinent to child education: child, childhood, kindergarten and teacher signification and this stage s specific teaching knowledge. It stood out that the internship, alongside other curriculum components, is, in fact, one of the primeval formation environment for the teachers, in which the interns interact with their colleagues, supervisor professor, collaborator professor, and of course, the children to construct their erudition. Such interactions allow the undergraduate interns to develop attitudes and procedures to reflect on what they know, what they ve done and what they can achieve. We have concluded that the undergraduate internship can constitute itself as an articulatorconsolidator environment in the future teacher s formation process and, since well oriented, can provide the effective initiation, not only to the practice, but to the praxis as a movement of non dissociability between theory and practice

Vozes sociais em diálogo: uma análise bakhtiniana dos diários de leituras produzidos por alunos do ensino médio

The work aims to analyze high school students utterances, in reading diary discursive genre, starting from the language concept proposed by the Bakhtin Circle. The genre in question has peculiar characteristics which justify its choice for this work, especially with regard to subjectivity marks, that reveal, through the ideological clash, positions on various issues. From the utterances selected for the corpus, categories were created, during the research, according to the guidelines of Guba and Lincoln (2006), Mazzotti and Gewandsznajder (1998) and Amorim (2002), for whom the research in human sciences cannot be based on pre-established categories. We consider diary as a discursive genre (BAKHTIN, 2010a), which carries the characteristics of composition, style and content. Other concepts of the Circle, concerning to utterance, dialogical relations, social voices, responsiveness and exotopy also formed the basis for the study. Moreover, during the analysis of the utterances that compose the corpus of research, we used the concepts of discursive polemics (BAKHTIN, 2010b) and Framework (2010a). At the end of the research, we realized that the assessment situation of students, the fact that they are in an institution whose policy follows national documents, based on diversity and plurality, and live together in a classroom space where there are differences of social class, age, and finally, different realities, were not sufficient factors for this diversity be well accepted in their positions. Thus, their utterances bring voices that demonstrated a difficulty in accepting others that are different from themselves. In view of this, we conclude that teachers need to be prepared to handle these discourses, creating strategies for mediating these dissonant voices, with which must make contact every day at school

Educação Física como Linguagem

This article has as issue the Physical Education inserted in Humanity study area and more specifically considered as language. The aim of this article is to ponder over the Physical Education as a language like proposed in the 'Par metro Curriculares Mais', the following changes in theorical referencials and its implications in the way of observing bodies phenomenals. Thus so resorted to a bibliography belonging to Human Sciences. The conclusion is that the body movements and gestures has a significative symbolic dimension.

A produção de conhecimento e verdade no contemporâneo

O presente artigo procura refletir sobre a produção de conhecimento e verdade no contemporâneo articuladas com o conceito de biopoder e a imersão do sujeito na construção desse conhecimento. Mediante tais reflexões, chega-se à conclusão que as ciências humanas precisam rever o lugar cômodo do cientificismo acadêmico para repensar e relativizar a verdade visando a transformação das práticas sociais objetivantes e historicamente construídas para uma outra forma de conhecimento capaz de questionar as instâncias instituídas nos campos do saber e do poder a fim de propor novos paradigmas científicos e uma subjetividade mais autêntica e com novas significações

Semiologia e pintura segundo René Passeron

Trata-se de uma síntese das principais idéias de René Passeron a propósito da fundamentação de uma análise lingüístico-semiótica das obras pictóricas. em que medida um quadro pode ser considerado um texto? Quais seriam os elementos básicos de uma pintura? Podemos falar em articulações de unidades no campo visual definido por uma obra dessa natureza? E quais os repertórios e as regras combinatórias? O artigo propõe a discussão destes problemas a partir das rigorosas e oportunas colocações do importante teórico, crítico e historiador da arte, infelizmente quase desconhecido entre nós.