Doenças respiratórios em aves atendidas no Laboratório de Ornitopatologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 a 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.

Tissue composition and muscularity of lamb legs fed with sunflower seeds and vitamin E

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue composition and carcass muscularity of 32 legs of Ile de France lambs fed with diets containing sunflower seeds and vitamin E, with mean body weight of 15 kg, lodged in individual pens at 15 kg and slaughtered at 32 kg of body weight. The treatments influenced (P<0,05) leg weight, femur length and muscle: bone ratio, being the highest values (2,13 kg, 16,19 cm and 7,38, respectively) in lambs that received diet without sunflower seeds and vitamin E. The other variables were not affected (P>0,05) by the treatments. The interaction of the sunflower and vitamin E was positive for bone total weights and intramuscular fat.

Health status profile of climacteric women

Study design: Retrospective analysis of medical records. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia in a group of climacteric women. Methods: Study of the first patients treated at the Menopause Clinic (ACLI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (USP), from 1983 to 2007. Data on weight, height, BMI, biological group, diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was collected from February/2008 until April/2008. Results: From 1983 until 2007, 400 patients were followed up, and 272 had their records registered. Of these 272 patients, 628 were selected queries, and therefore, on average, each woman had three returns. Women over the age of 29 and maximum of 80 years and median BMI above 25kg/m2. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia was respectively 32%, 68% and 54%. The prevalence of NCDs and BMI was higher for the later groups. Conclusion: Climacteric women treated at a hospital level care center showed a worsening of the BMI and the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases over time, which is urging a closer look at health professionals in this population group.

Ocorrência do subtipo B do vírus da imunodeficiência felina em gatos domésticos da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

In Brazil there are few studies on the occurrence of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection and its subtypes, which are essential for the development of vaccines and new diagnostic tests. The present study investigated the occurrence of the FIV infection between 2010 and 2011 in domestic cats submitted to medical attendance in the city of Pelotas and nearby area. Total blood samples of seventy cats, suspected (28) or not (42) of infection by FIV were analyzed by nested PCR in order to perform a diagnosis. The results pointed to a FIV infection frequency of 15.7% (11/70) and the analysis of the risk factors related to infection (sex, age and clinical condition) evidenced a greater occurrence in cats up to 10 years of age with chronic and recurrent infections. Eight samples found positive by nested PCR were submitted to DNA sequencing indicating that only the subtype B was detected in the studied region.

Ultrasonographic measurements of kidney fat thickness and Longissimus muscle area in predicting body composition of pregnant goats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

From quantum to classical instability in relativistic stars

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Particle creation due to tachyonic instability in relativistic stars

Dense enough compact objects were recently shown to lead to an exponentially fast increase of the vacuum energy density for some free scalar fields properly coupled to the spacetime curvature as a consequence of a tachyonic-like instability. Once the effect is triggered, the star energy density would be overwhelmed by the vacuum energy density in a few milliseconds. This demands that eventually geometry and field evolve to a new configuration to bring the vacuum back to a stationary regime. Here, we show that the vacuum fluctuations built up during the unstable epoch lead to particle creation in the final stationary state when the tachyonic instability ceases. The amount of created particles depends mostly on the duration of the unstable epoch and final stationary configuration, which are open issues at this point. We emphasize that the particle creation coming from the tachyonic instability will occur even in the adiabatic limit, where the spacetime geometry changes arbitrarily slowly, and therefore is quite distinct from the usual particle creation due to the change in the background geometry.

Salts of the anti-HIV drug lamivudine with phthalic and salicylic acids

Salts of the anti-HIV drug lamivudine, with phthalic acid and salicylic acid as counterions, were investigated in this study. Neither the packing of the (lamivudine)(+)(phthalic acid)(-) ion pairs nor the conformation of the lamivudine moiety itself were similar to those found in other multicomponent molecular salts of the drug, such as hydrogen maleate and saccharinate ones, even though all three salts crystallize in the same P2(1)2(1)2(1) orthorhombic space group with similar unit cell metrics. Lamivudine salicylate assumes a different crystal structure to those of the hydrogen maleate and saccharinate salts, crystallizing in the P2(1) monoclinic space group as a monohydrate whose (lamivudine)(+)(salicylic acid)(-) ion pair is assembled through two hydrogen bonds with cytosine as a dual donor to both oxygens of the carboxylate, such as in the pairing of lamivudine with a phthalic acid counterion. In lamivudine salicylate monohydrate, the drug conformation is related to the hydrogen maleate and saccharinate salts. However, such a conformational similarity is not related to the intermolecular interaction patterns. Lamivudine and water molecules alternate into helical chains in the salicylate salt monohydrate.

Evaluation of GBV-C / HVG viremia in HIV-infected women

The present study aimed at standardizing a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to evaluate the presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA. A "TaqMan" assay using primers and probe derived from the 5¢ NCR region was developed and validated. Two hundred and fifty-three plasma samples from HIV-infected women were tested for GBV-C viremia and antibody against the envelope protein 2. GBV-C RNA was detected in 22.5% of the patients whereas the antibody was identified in 25.3% of the cohort. Detection of viral RNA and of antibodies was mutually exclusive. Viral loads showed a mean of 1,777 arbitrary units / mL, being 1.1 and 13,625 arbitrary units / mL respectively the lowest and highest values measured. We conclude that the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method developed is appropriate for the investigation of GBV-C RNA since it was shown to be highly specific and sensitive, as well as requiring few steps, preventing contamination and providing additional information as to the relative viremia of carriers, a parameter that must be included in studies evaluating the co-factors influencing the clinical outcome of HIV/AIDS.

Naḥalat Shimʿoni : hu reshimat bet otsar ha-sefarim asher heniaḥ aḥaraṿ ... Avraham Shimʿon ben ... Mosheh Zelig ha-Leṿi Shṭeyer ...

[Lima Lemans]

Late Bronze Age in Eastern Iberian Peninsula: Archaeological Bases and Periodization

Research surrounding the transition from II to I millennium cal BC in Eastern Iberian Peninsula has a large and extensive tradition of investigation. However, the chances to do research on this historical process have been limited by the lack of a well contextualized and dated stratigraphic sequence. For this reason, recent studies in this topic have followed the periodic proposals which were developed in closer regions and areas, especially in the South East and North East of the Peninsula. The investigation perspective about the Late Bronze in Eastern Iberian has however now improved, with the development of several archaeological investigations, the increase in the number of sites being dated and more recent studies into the region helping to bring about this change. As such, it is now in the correct state to be able to propose a new periodization and delve into the changes which occurred in the transition between 1500 and 725 cal BC.

Ferramentas metodológicas para transição agroecológica em unidades familiares do Pólo Rio Capim do programa PROAMBIENTE no Nordeste do Estado do Pará

No Pólo Rio Capim do programa PROAMBIENTE foram desencadeadas várias etapas metodológicas junto aos agricultores familiares como a elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento do Pólo (PD), Padrões de Certificação Socioambiental (PCSA), Diagnóstico Individual (DI), Plano de Utilização da unidade familiar (PU) e a construção de Acordos Comunitários (AC). Os resultados apontaram que as ferramentas metodológicas contribuem de forma significativa para produção e conservação ambiental do Pólo. Contudo, não se deve pressupor que essa metodologia seja uma solução simples para transição agroecológica. Neste sentido, é importante considerar os fatores de decisão (de caráter interno e externo) com os quais os agricultores deparam-se ao introduzir mudanças no uso da terra que serão capazes de fornecer maiores níveis produtivos e prestação de serviços ambientais o que denota a necessidade urgente de articulação entre políticas públicas agrícolas e ambientais.

Productivity and chemical composition of food-type soybeans sown on different dates.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on the yield, 100-grain weight, oil, protein and isoflavone contents of food-type soybean breeding lines UEL 110, UEL 115 and UEL 123 and a cultivar BRS 257. The materials were seeded on four sowing dates, and the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The productivity and 100- grain weight varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The protein content ranged from 36.40 to 42.44%, and the oil content ranged from 18.29 to 22.71%. No significant interaction was found between the genotype and sowing dates for the protein content. The isoflavone content also varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The cultivar BRS 257 had the highest isoflavone content, including the β- glucoside, malonyl glucoside and aglycones forms. The different sowing dates influenced the productivity, 100-grain weight, oil and protein content and isoflavone levels. Higher temperatures and lower rainfall during the grain filling decreased the productivity and isoflavone content and increased the protein content. For all sowing dates, the BRS 257 soybean food-type cultivar showed the highest isoflavone content, indicating that the effect of genotype is more important. Keywords: soybean, oil, protein, isoflavones. RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito das diferentes épocas de semeadura na produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, teor de proteínas, óleo e isoflavonas de linhagens de soja tipo alimento UEL 110, UEL 115 e UEL 123 e cultivar BRS 257. O material foi semeado em quatro épocas de semeadura e o experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produtividade e a massa de 100 grãos variaram com a época de semeadura e com os diferentes genótipos. O teor de proteínas variou de 36,40 a 42,44% e o de óleo de 18,29 a 22,71%. Não foi encontrada interação entre genótipo e épocas de semeadura para o teor de proteínas. O teor de isoflavonas variou com as épocas de semeadura e com os genótipos. A cultivar BRS 257 apresentou maior teor de β-glicosídeos, malonil-glicosídeos e agliconas. As diferentes épocas de semeadura influenciam a produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, conteúdo de óleo, proteínas e isoflavonas. Altas temperaturas e baixas precipitações durante o enchimento dos grãos reduzem a produtividade e teor de isoflavonas e aumentam o teor de proteínas. A cultivar BRS 257 apresenta o maior teor de isoflavonas indicando que o efeito genético é mais importante.

Macroinvertebrados aquáticos como bioindicadores no processo de licenciamento ambiental no Brasil

Resumo: Licenciamento ambiental no Brasil é um procedimento com vários níveis e etapas, concebido como ferramenta preventiva aos potenciais danos ambientais causados pela implantação de empreendimentos. Embora este procedimento seja obrigatório desde meados da década de 1980, ainda é limitado no que diz respeito ao uso de informações biológicas para a avaliação e o monitoramento de ambientes aquáticos. Neste processo, o órgão licenciador (federal, estadual ou municipal) define as variáveis a serem medidas, tendo como referência o tipo e a magnitude do empreendimento e as características específicas do local proposto para sua instalação. Respostas biológicas devem ser usadas para medir os impactos sobre ecossistemas aquáticos e os macroinvertebrados constituem um grupo que apresenta vantagens como bioindicadores, sendo os mais utilizados para este fim. Em 2011, o Grupo de Trabalho Intersetorial em Biomonitoramento foi criado para discutir o uso de macroinvertebrados em programas de monitoramento. Este trabalho apresenta as reflexões e propostas deste grupo e fornece subsídios para a inclusão destes organismos nos termos de referência a serem aplicados nos processos de licenciamento ambiental no Brasil. Abstract: In Brazil, the environmental licensing process has many stages, and it was designed as a tool to identify the potential and to prevent environmental damages caused by enterprises. Although this procedure is required since the mid-1980s, it is still limited regarding the use of bioassessment and biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. In this process, the agency responsible for the licensing (federal, state or local) is the responsible for defining the parameters to be measured. Those parameters are required based on the type and magnitude of the project, and the specific environment and location proposed for its installation. We recommend that biological responses should be used to assess and monitor stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Macroinvertebrates have been used worldwide as bioindicators because they have some advantages over other biological groups for this purpose. In 2011, the ?Intersectoral Working Group on Biomonitoring? was created to discuss the use of macroinvertebrates in biomonitoring programs. This paper presents proposals and recommendations aiming to stimulate and provide guidance for the use of this group in the context of the environmental licensing process in Brazil. Resumen: En Brasil, el proceso de licenciamiento ambiental tiene varios niveles y etapas. Fue diseñado como una herramienta de prevención de posibles daños ambientales causados por la ejecución de proyectos. Aunque este procedimiento exista desde la década de 1980, siegue con limitaciones en relación al uso de la información biológica para la evaluación y control de los ecosistemas acuáticos. En este proceso, la agencia de licenciamiento (federal, estadual o local) es la que define las variables a mensurar en función del tipo y la magnitud del proyecto y las características específicas del lugar propuesto para su instalación. Las respuestas biológicas deben ser utilizadas para evaluar los impactos a los ambientes acuáticos, y el grupo de los macroinvertebrados tienen ventajas sobre otros grupos biológicos y son los más utilizados para este fin. En 2011, el ?Grupo de Trabajo Intersectorial de Biomonitoreo? fue creado para discutir el uso de los macro-invertebrados en los programas de monitoreo ambiental. Este artículo presenta reflexiones y propuestas de este grupo y ofrece subsidios para la inclusión de estos organismos en los términos de referencia que serán aplicados en el proceso de licenciamiento ambiental en Brasil.

Intervenção com atividades educativas sobre diabetes mellitus na Estratégia Saúde da faamília no município de Patrocínio do Muriaé

O diabetes mellitus (DM) é um grupo de doenças metabólicas que se caracteriza por hiperglicemia e está relacionado a múltiplas complicações, disfunções e insuficiência de vários órgãos, principalmente olhos, rins, nervos, cérebro, coração e vasos sanguíneos. A natureza crônica do DM, a gravidade das complicações e os meios necessários para controlá-la, tornam esta doença muito onerosa, não apenas para os indivíduos afetados e suas famílias, mas também para o sistema de saúde. Pesquisadores esclarecem a relação da incidência da doença com a baixa escolaridade. Este trabalho se justifica pela alta prevalência de diabetes na população de Patrocínio do Muriaé, assim como de pacientes com complicações da doença, que muitas vezes por falta de conhecimento, recebem o diagnóstico tardiamente ou não seguem o tratamento adequadamente. O objetivo do projeto é aumentar o conhecimento da população a respeito do diabetes mellitus e consequentemente aumentar a adesão ao tratamento e diminuir as complicações tardias do diabetes, assim como aumentar o diagnóstico oportuno com aumento da cobertura de consultas e exames diagnósticos na população assistida pela equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família do Posto de Saúde da Família (PSF) Maria Aparecida de Lima Campos, no Município de Patrocínio do Muriaé-MG. A metodologia selecionada foi a utilização do planejamento estratégico situacional para a análise situacional em saúde com definição do diabetes como doença prevalente. Houve a proposta de confecção e distribuição de panfletos informativos, ações educativas e a aplicação de entrevista a população alvo para avaliar o aprendizado a respeito do tema.