Changing Paradigms in Biblical Criticism : 2 Kings 22:1 23:30 in the Flux of Discourses

The subject and methodology of biblical scholarship has expanded immense-ly during the last few decades. The traditional text-, literary-, source- and form-critical approaches, labeled historical-critical scholarship , have faced the challenge of social sciences. Various new literary, synchronic readings, sometimes characterized with the vague term postmodernism, have in turn challenged historicalcritical, and social-scientific approaches. Widened limits and diverging methodologies have caused a sense of crisis in biblical criticism. This metatheoretical thesis attempts to bridge the gap between philosophical discussion about the basis of biblical criticism and practical academic biblical scholarship. The study attempts to trace those epistemological changes that have produced the wealth of methods and results within biblical criticism. The account of the cult reform of King Josiah of Judah as reported in 2 Kings 22:1 23:30 serves as the case study because of its importance for critical study of the Hebrew Bible. Various scholarly approaches embracing 2 Kings 22:1 23:30 are experimentally arranged around four methodological positions: text, author, reader, and context. The heuristic model is a tentative application of Oliver Jahraus s model of four paradigms in literary theory. The study argues for six theses: 1) Our knowledge of the world is con-structed, fallible and theory-laden. 2) Methodological plurality is the neces-sary result of changes in epistemology and culture in general. 3) Oliver Jahraus s four methodological positions in regard to literature are also an applicable model within biblical criticism to comprehend the methodological plurality embracing the study of the Hebrew Bible. 4) Underlying the methodological discourse embracing biblical criticism is the epistemological ten-sion between the natural sciences and the humanities. 5) Biblical scholars should reconsider and analyze in detail concepts such as author and editor to overcome the dichotomy between the Göttingen and Cross schools. 6) To say something about the historicity of 2 Kings 22:1 23:30 one must bring together disparate elements from various disciplines and, finally, admit that though it may be possible to draw some permanent results, our conclusions often remain provisional.

“And now to the rest of the trash…” Representations of begging Roma and an ideal society in two Nordic newspapers

Since begging East European Roma became a common view in the streets of larger Nordic cities, vivid discussions about their presence and activities have been carried out in the mass media. This thesis examines the public debates in Finland and Norway through a discursive analysis and comparison of press content from the two countries. The aim of the study is firstly to identify the prominent discourses which construct certain images of the beggars, as well as the elements and internal logics that these discourses are constructed around. But in addition to scrutinizing representations of the Roma, also an opposite perspective is applied. In accordance with the theoretical concept of ‘othering’, debates about ‘them’ are assumed to simultaneously reveal something significant about ‘us’. The second research question is thus what kind of images of the ideal Finnish and Norwegian societies are reflected in the data, and which societal values are salient in these images. The analysis comprises 79 texts printed in the main Finnish and Norwegian quality newspapers; Helsingin Sanomat and Aftenposten. The data consists of news articles, editorials, columns and letters to the editor from a three-month period in the summer of 2010. The analysis was carried out within the theoretical and methodological framework of critical discourse analysis as outlined by Norman Fairclough. A customized nine-step coding scheme was developed in order to reach the most central dimensions of the texts. Seven main discourses were identified; the Deprivation-solidarity, Human rights, Order, Crime, Space and majority reactions, Authority control, and Authority critique discourse. These were grouped into two competing normative stances on what an ideal society looks like; the exclusionary and the inclusionary stance. While the exclusionary stance places the begging Roma within a frame of crime, illegitimate use of public space and threat to the social order, the other advocates an attitude of solidarity and humanitarian values. The analysis points to a dominance of the former, although it is challenged by the latter. The Roma are “individualized” by quoting and/or presenting them by name in a fair part of the Finnish news articles. In Norway, the opposite is true; there the beggars are dominantly presented as anonymous and passive. Overall, the begging Roma are subjected to a double bind as they are faced with simultaneous expectations of activity and passivity. Theories relating to moral panics and ‘the good enemy’ provide for a deepened understanding of the intensity of the debates. Keywords: East European Roma, begging, media, newspapers, Helsingin Sanomat, Aftenposten, critical discourse analysis, Norman Fairclough, othering, ideal society, moral panics, good enemy, double bind, Finland, Norway

A finite element assessment of flexural strength of prestressed concrete beams with fiber reinforcement

This paper presents an assessment of the flexural behavior of 15 fully/partially prestressed high strength concrete beams containing steel fibers investigated using three-dimensional nonlinear finite elemental analysis. The experimental results consisted of eight fully and seven partially prestressed beams, which were designed to be flexure dominant in the absence of fibers. The main parameters varied in the tests were: the levels of prestressing force (i.e, in partially prestressed beams 50% of the prestress was reduced with the introduction of two high strength deformed bars instead), fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%), fiber location (full depth and partial depth over full length and half the depth over the shear span only). A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS 5.5 [Theory Reference Manual. In: Kohnke P, editor. Elements Reference Manual. 8th ed. September 1998] general purpose finite element software to study the flexural behavior of both fully and partially prestressed fiber reinforced concrete beams. Influence of fibers on the concrete failure surface and stress-strain response of high strength concrete and the nonlinear stress-strain curves of prestressing wire and deformed bar were considered in the present analysis. In the finite element model. tension stiffening and bond slip between concrete and reinforcement (fibers., prestressing wire, and conventional reinforcing steel bar) have also been considered explicitly. The fraction of the entire volume of the fiber present along the longitudinal axis of the prestressed beams alone has been modeled explicitly as it is expected that these fibers would contribute to the mobilization of forces required to sustain the applied loads across the crack interfaces through their bridging action. A comparison of results from both tests and analysis on all 15 specimens confirm that, inclusion of fibers over a partial depth in the tensile side of the prestressed flexural structural members was economical and led to considerable cost saving without sacrificing on the desired performance. However. beams having fibers over half the depth in only the shear span, did not show any increase in the ultimate load or deformational characteristics when compared to plain concrete beams. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Protamine-carboxymethyl cellulose magnetic nanocapsules for enhanced delivery of anticancer drugs against drug resistant cancers

Multidrug resistance is a major therapeutic challenge faced in the conventional chemotherapy. Nanocarriers are beneficial in the transport of chemotherapeutics by their ability to bypass the P-gp efflux in cancers. Most of the P-gp inhibitors under phase II clinical trial are facing failures and hence there is a need to develop a suitable carrier to address P-gp efflux in cancer therapy. Herein, we prepared novel protamine and carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte multi-layered nanocapsules modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the delivery of doxorubicin against highly drug resistant HeLa cells. The experimental results revealed that improved cellular uptake, enhanced drug intensity profile with greater percentage of apoptotic cells was attained when doxorubicin loaded magnetic nanocapsules were used in the presence of external magnetic field. Hence, we conclude that this magnetic field assisted nanocapsule system can be used for delivery of chemotherapeutics for potential therapeutic efficacy at minimal dose in multidrug resistant cancers. From the Clinical Editor: Many cancer drugs fail when cancer cells become drug resistant. Indeed, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major therapeutic challenge. One way that tumor cells attain MDR is by over expression of molecular pumps comprising of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistant proteins (MRP), which can expel chemotherapeutic drugs out of the cells. In this study, the authors prepared novel protamine and carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte multi-layered nanocapsules modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the delivery of doxorubicin. The results show that there was better drug delivery and efficacy even against MDR tumor cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

El concepto de “texto medieval” en el trabajo ecdótico : un ejemplo surgido de los avatares en la tradición manuscrita de la “Crónica de Sancho IV”

Resumen: La realidad manuscrita del texto medieval implica asumir la problemática en torno al concepto de texto con el que habrá de trabajar el editor al pretender establecer el texto crítico de una obra determinada. Las diferentes concepciones en torno a dicha ontología textual influyen en el tipo particular de trabajo ecdótico que se pretenda realizar. El artículo pretende, a partir del caso de la edición de la Crónica de Sancho IV, proponer un modelo de edición que contemple las variantes que la obra fue manifestando a lo largo de su tradición con el objetivo de dar cuenta de la naturaleza mutable del texto medieval en función de su intencionalidad política.

Entrevista a Michael Eigen : el hálito de la fe

"El Dr. Michael Eigen es psicoterapeuta, senior member y analista didáctico de la National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis. Ha publicado más de una veintena de libros. Es reconocido mundialmente por su voz innovadora, a la vez trascendente y encarnada, profundamente comprometida con las problemáticas actuales. Con 79 años, es profesor en el programa de posdoctorado de psicoterapia y psicoanálisis de la universidad de Nueva York. Supervisa y ejerce la clínica en un pequeño consultorio frente al Central Park, donde a su vez dicta seminarios sobre Bion, Winnicott y Lacan hace más de 35 años. Ha sido editor del Psychoanalitic Review y ha desempeñado cargos en diversas instituciones. Su última publicación, Faith, es una refinada amalgama entre la experiencia y la novedad, entre lo conceptual y lo poético..."

La edición crítica de Amadís de Gaula de Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo

Integran este número de la revista ponencias presentadas en Studia Hispanica Medievalia VIII: Actas de las IX Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval, 2008, y de Homenaje al Quinto Centenario de Amadis de Gaula

La influencia de Diego Abad de Santillán en la conformación de una red intelectual libertaria latinoamericana, 1920-1930

Resumen: El anarquismo encontró en el internacionalismo un elemento esencial para la unión del movimiento libertario, pues consideraba que una alianza universal se lograría sólo atravesando las fronteras. Fueron numerosos los pensadores ácratas que buscaron cumplir este objetivo y que, desde su papel de teóricos-militantes, no sólo contribuyeron a la conformación del universo intelectual anarquista en Buenos Aires en las primeras décadas del siglo XX sino que, a través de su rol de agentes activos en el proceso de gestación, recepción y circulación de ideas, intentaron relacionar el anarquismo local con el latinoamericano y el europeo. Dentro de este grupo se destacó, entre los años 1920 y 1930, Diego Abad de Santillán quien, tanto en su papel de teórico como de militante, periodista, escritor, editor y traductor, constituyó una pieza fundamental para el engranaje intelectual libertario desplegado entre Europa y América Latina, e integró el conjunto de pensadores que lideraron el anarquismo argentino. Al cruzar ambos movimientos, no sólo actuó como nexo sino que también buscó representar, y dar respuestas, a los múltiples y variados intereses de la clase trabajadora.

Epanaphoras de varia historia portugueza a El Rey Nosso Senhor D. Afonso VI : em cinco relaçoens de sucessos pertencentes a este reyno que contem negocios publicos, politicos, tragicos, amorosos, belicos, triunfantes

Francisco Manuel de Melo nasceu em Lisboa, e m 23 de novembro de 1608. e morreu na sua quinta em Alcântara, em 13 de outubro de 1666. Estudou em colégio Jesuíta, especializando-se em Filosofia e Teologia. Aos dezessete anos, decidiu seguir carreira militar. Condenado por instigar homicídio, esteve preso por onze anos e, em 1655, foi degredado para o Brasil, para onde partiu na armada de Francisco de Brito Freire. Retornou a Portugal em 1658. De lá foi pua a Itália, onde permaneceu p r alguns anos e começou, em 1664, a fazer uma edição completa de suas obras as quais por motivo ignorado não deu continuidade. Transferiu-se para Lisboa onde veio a falecer. Historiador, poeta, orador e crítico moralista, Francisco Manuel foi um dos escritores mais eruditos e polidos. ‘Epanaphoras de varia historia portugueza...’ na sua primeira edição publicada em 1660 trazia dedicatória do autor ao Rei D. Afonso Vl, substituída, pelo editor Craesbeeck, na segunda edição, por dedicatória a D. João da Silva, Marquês de Gouvêa. A obra é composta de cinco epanaforas. Em três delas, Francisco Manuel relata acontecimentos que testemunhou: na Epanáfora Política conta o levante ocorrido em Evora em 1637; na Epanáfora Bélica narra a batalha naval da armada de D. Antonio ocorrida contra os holandeses no Canal da Mancha, em 1637; na Epanáfora Trágica descreve o naufrágio da frota de D. Manuel de Meneses na costa francesa. Outras duas Epanáforas - a Amorosa e a Triunfante - não fazem parte do gênero das memórias; referem-se, respectivamente, a uma lenda sobre o descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira e a restauração de Pernambuco, em 1654. Inocêncio afirma que a primeira edição é ‘infinitamente superior a esta em correção’, onde se podem verificar vários erros, muito embora ambas sejam igualmente raras e tenham o mesmo valor .

Bate-papo : marketing digital em bibliotecas [gravação de vídeo]

Bate-papo em comemoração à Semana do Bibliotecário promovido pela Biblioteca Pedro Aleixo da Câmara dos Deputados, em parceria com a Universidade de Brasília e a Associação dos Bibliotecários do Distrito Federal, realizado no dia 17 de março de 2014. Foram discutidos temas relacionadas ao marketing digital e ao uso de novas tecnologias em bibliotecas. O palestrante Moreno Barros relatou a sua experiência como editor do Blog Bibliotecários sem Fronteiras, veículo criado em 2001 e que se tornou um importante fórum de discussão da área de biblioteconomia.

Histoire philosophique et politique : des établissemens et du commerce des européens dans les deux Indes

Guillaume Raynal, historiador e filósofo francês, nasceu em Saint-Geniez-en Rouergue em 11 de abril de 1713 e morreu em Choillot, em 6 de março de 1796. Estudou no Colégio dos Jesuítas de Pézenas, distinguindo-se como pregador e professor. Abandonou o hábito jesuita para se dedicar à filosofia e à história, publicando numerosos artigos no Mercure de France. Tendo sido alvo de um mandado de prisão, refugiou-se na Prússia e mais tarde na Rússia; retornou à França em 1787. ‘Histoire philosofique et politique’ foi publicada simultaneamente pelo mesmo editor em duas impressões, contendo cinco volumes a primeira e dez volumes a segunda. Foi uma das obras que mais ínfluenciou o movimento da Revolução Francesa, tendo o autor utilizado opiniões e, eventualmente, a colaboração de Diderot e Holbach, entre outros contemporâneos. Proibido na França e ai queimado em 1781, este importante trabalho de Raynal teve mais de trinta edições num periodo de vinte anos e foi traduzido para quase todos os idiomas europeus. Segundo Borba de Moraes, ‘esta edição de Genebra é a melhor e mais bela’. Na impressão de dez volumes existentes na Biblioteca da Câmara, a seção referente ao Brasil encontra-se no volume 5.