Tympanometry and Spectral Gradient Acoustic Reflectometry in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in Young Children

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most prevalent bacterial infection among children. Tympanometry and spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry (SG-AR) are adjunctive diagnostic tools to pneumatic otoscopy. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and success rates of tympanometry and SG-AR performed by physicians and nurses. The study populations comprised 515 (I-II), 281 (III), and 156 (IV) outpatients (6-35 months). Physicians performed 4246 tympanometric (I) and SG-AR (II) examinations. Nurses performed 1782 (III) and 753 (IV) examinations at symptomatic and asymptomatic visits, respectively. Pneumatic otoscopy by the physician was the diagnostic standard. The accuracy of test results by physicians or nurses (I-IV) and the proportion of visits with accurate exclusive test results from both ears (III-IV) were analyzed. Type B tympanogram and SG-AR level 5 (<49˚) predicted middle ear effusion (MEE). At asymptomatic visits, type A and C1 tympanograms (peak pressure > -200 daPa) and SG-AR level 1 (>95˚) indicated healthy middle ear. Negative predictive values of type A and C1 tympanograms by nurses in excluding AOM at symptomatic and MEE at asymptomatic visits were 94% and 95%, respectively. Nurses obtained type A or C1 tympanogram from both ears at 94/459 (20%) and 81/196 (41%) of symptomatic and asymptomatic visits, respectively. SG-AR level 1 was rarely obtained from both ears. Type A and C1 tympanograms were accurate in excluding AOM at symptomatic and MEE at asymptomatic visits. However, nurses obtained these tympanograms from both ears only at one fifth of symptomatic visits and less than half of asymptomatic visits.

Personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities in alcohol dependence

Non-adaptive personality traits may constitute risk factors for development of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. We aim to evaluate associations and the predictive value of personality traits among alcohol-dependent individuals, with or without psychiatric comorbidities. The convenience sample comprised two groups of males over 18 years of age: one with subjects who had an alcohol dependence diagnosis (AG, n=110), and a control group without abuse and/or alcohol dependence diagnosis (CG, n=110). The groups were assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV (SCID-IV). AG participants were recruited among outpatients from the university hospital, whereas CG participants were recruited from a primary healthcare program. Data collection was done individually with self-assessment instruments. Parametric statistics were performed, and a significance level of P=0.05 was adopted. A positive correlation was observed between openness and the length of time that alcohol has been consumed, as were significant and negative correlations between conscientiousness and both the length of time alcohol has been consumed and the number of doses. For alcoholics, extraversion emerged as a protective factor against depression development (P=0.008) and tobacco abuse (P=0.007), whereas openness worked as a protective factor against anxiety (P=0.02). The findings point to specific deficits presented by alcoholics in relation to personality traits with or without psychiatric comorbidities and to the understanding that therapeutic approaches should favor procedures and/or preventive measures that allow more refined awareness about the disorder.

Effects of genotype and environment on grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Genotype (G), environment (E) and their interaction (GEI) play an important role in the final expression of grain yield and quality attributes. A multi-environment trial in wheat was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of G, E and GEI effects on grain yield and quality of wheat genotypes under the three rainfed locations (hereafter environment) of Central Anatolian Plateau of Turkey, during the 2012-2013 cropping season. Grain yield (GY) and analyses of test weight (TW), protein content (PC), wet gluten content (WGC), grain hardness (GH), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZSV) were determined. Allelic variations of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) and 1B/1R translocation were determined in all genotypes evaluated. Both HMW-Glu-1, 17+18, 5+10 and LMW-Glu-3 b, b, b corresponded to genotypes possessing medium to good quality attributes. Large variability was found among most of the quality attributes evaluated; wider ranges of quality traits were observed in the environments than among the genotypes. The importance of the growing environment effects on grain quality was proved, suggesting that breeders' quality objectives should be adapted to the targeted environments.

Supplément au Bulletin des lois contenant les lois, les traités diplomatiques...

1823 (A1823).

Supplément au Bulletin des lois contenant les lois, les traités diplomatiques...

1826 (A1826).

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 6 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 3 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 4 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Traités publics de la royale maison de Savoie avec les puissances étrangères, depuis la paix de Cateau-Cambrésis jusqu'à nos jours. Tome 2 / publiés par ordre du roi et présentés à S. M. par le comte Solar de La Marguerite, premier secrétaire d'Etat pour les affaires étrangères, etc.

[Traité (recueil). Royaume de Sardaigne (français)]

Arrêt du conseil d'Etat qui proge le délai fixé par arrêt du 29 septembre 1711, pour dix mois, pour le paiement tant du principal et intérêts des billets faits par les cautions d'Et. Rey, pour raison ou traité des trésoriers-payeurs des chancelleries, que pour le principal de ceux faits pour les autres traités

[Acte. 1712-03-22. Versailles]

Arrêt du Conseil d'Etat qui liquide le remboursement d'Etienne Rey à cause des sommes par lui payées au-delà du prix des traités des offices de juges gruyers, droits de quittances attribués aux receveurs et contrôleurs des décimes, et autres traités réduits par arrêt du 15 avril 1710 et sur celui des trésoriers payeurs des gages des officiers des chancelleries revoqué par ledit arrêt

[Acte. 1715-08-20. Versailles]