Reaproveitamento de lamas residuais do processo de fabricação do concreto.

Nos dias atuais, um dos maiores problemas de uma central dosadora de concreto são as sobras de resíduos de concretos que retornam nos caminhões, das obras gerando lamas decantadas com pH elevado caracterizando-a como resíduo perigoso e representando gastos elevados com destinação. O objetivo do presente trabalho visa estudar em detalhes a composição da lama residual do processo de fabricação do concreto excluindo o agregado graúdo, verificando qual é a influência de sua adição no concreto. Com isso, pretende-se estudar algumas formas de tratamento e viabilizar economicamente o seu reaproveitamento em substituição ao agregado miúdo. Para esse estudo foram coletadas duas amostras desse material cimentício, sendo uma coletada diretamente do tanque de decantação e a segunda coletada da própria lavagem dos caminhões betoneiras. Elas foram submetidas a ensaios de caracterização como: análise termogravimétrica (TG), granulometria a laser e calorimetria e ensaios de concreto fresco (reologia e abatimento) e concreto endurecido. Para a viabilização econômica foi realizado um estudo de caso em três centrais dosadoras de concreto, afim de identificar perdas de materiais, custos de destinação e custo variável na fabricação de concreto. Os resultados mostraram que a forma de coleta do material cimentício influencia na finura do material conforme ensaio de granulometria e densidade aparente, mas não foi possível obter cimento anidro. A possibilidade de utilização da lama em concretos foi possível com ajuda de aditivos superplastificantes, mas para a viabilização economicamente viável a cadeia produtiva do concreto estudou-se um teor ótimo de substituição da lama pelo agregado miúdo.

Controle cooperativo aplicado a sistemas de posicionamento dinâmico.

Hoje em dia com o crescente aumento da exploração de petróleo e gás em águas profundas, há um aumento na demanda por operações offshore envolvendo a cooperação entre unidades flutuantes. Tais operações requerem um alto nível de planejamento e coordenação, o que na maioria dos casos é feito com a troca de informação no nível de operação, com cada unidade flutuante comandada independentemente. Exemplos de operações deste tipo vão desde operações de alívio passando por operações de instalação de equipamento submarino, até operações de pesquisa envolvendo múltiplas unidades flutuantes dotadas de sistema de posicionamento dinâmico (DP). As vantagens do controle cooperativo surgem com a redução do erro da distância relativa durante a manutenção do posicionamento ou durante a execução de manobras de posicionamento conjuntas. No presente trabalho, os conceitos de controle de consenso são aplicados de forma combinada com o sistema DP de cada navio. A influência dos ganhos do controlador cooperativo no sistema como um todo será discutida, utilizando-se técnicas de análise da resposta em frequência. Simulações completas no domínio do tempo e experimentos usando modelos em escala serão utilizados para se demonstrar o funcionamento do controle cooperativo. Todas as simulações serão conduzidas no simulador Dynasim e os ensaios experimentais no tanque de provas da Engenharia Naval da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Além disso, serão feitas comparações entre os experimentos em tanque de provas e simulações numéricas equivalentes, demonstrando-se a validade dos ensaios numéricos. Será também demonstrado que os requisitos de projetos adotados são atendidos pelos ensaios em tanque de provas. .

Susceptibilidad al virus herpes simple tipo 1: contribución de complejos genéticos polimórficos relacionados con la citotoxicidad celular

El virus Herpes simple tipo 1 (HSV-1) infecta a la mayoría de los individuos en edades tempranas, manteniéndose en estado latente en sus ganglios sensitivos durante toda la vida. La primoinfección requiere un contacto directo entre la piel o las mucosas dañadas de un individuo no infectado con viriones infectivos liberados en los fluidos corporales de un sujeto infectado. Esta infección primaria suele pasar desapercibida o causar sintomatología típica de una infección viral leve. Sin embargo, en casos excepcionales, puede ser la causa de enfermedades graves y potencialmente letales como la encefalitis herpética, el síndrome séptico por HSV-1, la infección congénita, el eczema herpeticum o la queratitis herpética (Abel et al, 2010; Chase et al, 1987; Frederick et al, 2002; Leung et al, 2013, Liesegang et al, 2001; Whitley et al, 1991). El paso del virus a través de las barreras anatómicas de un individuo no infectado es seguido por la replicación viral en el sitio de la inoculación. A continuación, los viriones entran en las fibras nerviosas sensitivas y son transportados hacía los cuerpos neuronales en los ganglios sensitivos, donde se mantienen en estado latente…

Reactores Químicos. Problema 6: Estabilidad de un RCTA de volumen constante (curso 2011-2012)

Enunciado Problema 6: Estabilidad de un RCTA de volumen constante.

Reactores Químicos. Problema 6: Estabilidad de un RCTA de volumen constante. Solución (curso 2011-2012)

Solución problema 6: Estabilidad de un RCTA de volumen constante.

Clinical pathway intervention compliance and effectiveness when used in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock at an Intensive Care Unit in Spain

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess levels of compliance with the intervention bundles contained in a clinical pathway used in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, and to analyze the pathway’s impact on survival and duration of hospital stays. We used data on 125 patients in an Intensive Care Unit, divided into a control group (N=84) and an intervention group (N=41). Levels of compliance increased from 13.1% to 29.3% in 5 resuscitation bundle interventions and from 14.3% to 22% in 3 monitoring bundle interventions. In-hospital mortality at 28 days decreased by 11.2% and the duration of hospital stay was reduced by 5 days. Although compliance was low, the intervention enhanced adherence to the instructions given in the clinical pathway and we observed a decline in mortality at 28 days and shorter hospital stays.

Mejoramiento del comportamiento térmico de sistemas de calentamiento de agua solares termosifónicos hechos con materiales no convencionales y con tanques de almacenamiento verticales y horizontales

El objeto de estudio de este proyecto son los sistemas de calentamiento de agua mediante energía solar que funcionan termosifónicamente. En particular se tratará con dos diseños particulares generados por fabricantes de la Provincia de Córdoba y que han solicitado el asesoramiento del Grupo de Energía Solar (GES) para el mejoramiento de la performance térmica de dichos equipos. Se trata de dos sistemas que tienen materiales no tradicionales y se diferencian además por tener una distinta disposición del tanque de almacenamiento: uno es en forma vertical y el otro en forma horizontal. Basados en los resultados de un ensayo bajo norma internacional, donde se detectaron algunas puntos factibles de mejora, se propone en este proyecto el análisis en detalle de los equipos, para lo cual se les debe desarmar completos, para realizar un estudio analítico y experimental de los mismos con el objeto de hacer un planteo teórico-analítico del comportamiento de los mismos, con la implementación de propuestas de mejora y chequeo de los resultados. Se propone entonces como objetivo lograr un mejoramiento de la performance térmica de los citados equipos a partir de un estudio experimental y analítico. Asumiendo esta posibilidad de mejora, se plantea la hipótesis de que es posible representar el funcionamiento de estos equipos mediante modelos físico-matemáticos desarrollados a partir de ecuaciones y correlaciones conocidas y procesos a interpretar mediante resoluciones numéricas y softwares específicos de simulación. De esta manera, se plantea el despieze completo de los equipos para estudiar en detalle su estructura y conexiones internas y a partir de la geometría, dimensiones y propiedades termofísicas de materiales constructivos y fluidos de trabajo, realizar modelos físico-matemáticos que permitan realizar variaciones de propiedades y geometría y así buscar las mejores combinaciones que produzcan equipos más eficientes térmicamente. Los modelos físico-matemáticos serán codificados en lenguajes de alto nivel para poder luego de una validación de los modelos, correr simulaciones en un software de reconocimiento internacional que permite sumar dichos modelos mediante un protocolo de comunicación, haciendo que las poderosas prestaciones del software se puedan aplicar a nuestros modelos. Se complementará el estudio con un análisis exergético para identificar los puntos críticos en que se producen las pérdidas de oportunidad de aprovechar la energía disponible, para así analizar cómo solucionar los problemas en dichos puntos. Los materiales a utilizar serán los propios equipos provistos por los fabricantes, que serán modificados convenientemente para operarlos como prototipos Se espera obtener un conocimiento acabado de los procesos y principios de funcionamiento de los equipos, que permita plantear las mejoras, las cuales se implementarán en los prototipos, realizándose una medición mediante norma igual a la inicial para ver en que magnitud se logran las mejoras esperadas. Se pretende además que las mejoras a implementar, en la etapa de transferencia a las empresas involucradas, redunden no sólo en un beneficio técnico, sino que también los sea desde el punto de vista económico. Para ello se trabajará también sobre los procesos y métodos de fabricación para que los equipos mejorados no sean mas caros que los originales y de ser posible sean aún más económicos, todo esto apuntando a la difusión de la energía solar térmica y poner al alcance de todos estos equipos tan convenientes para la propagación de las energías limpias. El proyecto redundará también en un importante beneficio para el conocimiento de la comunidad científica en general, con el aporte de nuevos resultados en diseños novedosos y con nuevos materiales. Además, la institución se beneficiará con la formación que obtendrán los integrantes del proyecto, muchos de ellos en etapa de realización de sus estudios de posgrado y en una etapa importante de su vida como investigadores.

Lactato sérico como marcador de prognóstico na sépsis em idade pediátrica : artigo de revisão

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Aplicação de tecnologias eletroquímicas (oxidação via radicais hidroxila, oxidação mediada via cloro ativo e eletrocoagulação) para o tratamento de efluentes reais ou sintéticos

In this work the degradation of real and synthetic wastewater was studied using electrochemical processes such as oxidation via hydroxyl radicals, mediated oxidation via active chlorine and electrocoagulation. The real effluent used was collected in the decanter tank of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (ETE-UFRN) of Effluent Treatment Plant and the other a textile effluent dye Ácido Blue 113 (AB 113) was synthesized in the laboratory. In the electrochemical process, the effects of anode material, current density, the presence and concentration of chloride as well as the active chlorine species on site generated were evaluated. Electrodes of different compositions, Ti/Pt, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2, BDD, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 were used as anodes. These electrodes were subjected to electroanalytical analysis with the goal of checking how happen the anodic and cathodic processes across the concentrations of NaCl and supporting electrolyte used. The potential of oxygen evolution reaction were also checked. The effect of active chlorine species formed under the process efficiency was evaluated by removing the organic matter in the effluent-ETE UFRN. The wastewater treatment ETE-UFRN using Ti/Pt, DDB and Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 electrodes was evaluated, obtaining good performances. The electrochemical degradation of effluent-UFRN was able to promote the reduction of the concentration of TOC and COD in all tested anodes. However, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 showed a considerable degradation due to active chlorine species generated on site. The results obtained from the electrochemical process in the presence of chloride were more satisfactory than those obtained in the absence. The addition of 0.021 M NaCl resulted in a faster removal of organic matter. Secondly, was prepared and characterized the electrode Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 according to what the literature reports, however their preparation was to disk (10 cm diameter) with surface area and higher than that described by the same authors, aiming at application to textile effluent AB 113 dye. SEM images were taken to observe the growth of TiO2 nanotubes and confirm the electrodeposition of PbO2. Atomic Force Microscope was also used to confirm the formation of these nanotubes. Furthermore, was tested and found a high electrochemical stability of the electrode Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 for applications such as long-term indicating a good electrocatalytic material. The electrochemical oxidation of AB 113 using Ti/Pt, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 and Al/Al (electrocoagulation) was also studied. However, the best color removal and COD decay were obtained when Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 was used as the anode, removing up to 98% of color and 92,5% of COD decay. Analysis of GC/MS were performed in order to identify possible intermediates formed in the degradation of AB 113.

Estimativas, variabilidade e análise de tendência da evapotranspiração de referência em perímetros irrigados, no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro

The variability / climate change has generated great concern worldwide, is one of the major issues as global warming, which can is affecting the availability of water resources in irrigated perimeters. In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil it is known that there is a predominance of drought, but it is not enough known about trends in climate series of joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there is increase and / or decrease evidence in the regime of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), for the monthly, annual and interdecadal scales in irrigated polo towns of Juazeiro, BA (9 ° 24'S, 40 ° 26'W and 375,5m) and Petrolina, PE (09 ° 09'S, 40 ° 22'W and 376m), which is the main analysis objective. The daily meteorological data were provided by EMBRAPA Semiárido for the period from 01.01.1976 to 31.12.2014, estimated the daily ETo using the standard method of Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parameterized by Smith (1991). Other methods of more simplified estimatives were calculated and compared to EToPM, as the ones following: Solar Radiation (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) and the method of Class A pan (EToTCA). The main statistical analysis were non-parametric tests of homogeneity (Run), trend (Mann-kendall), magnitude of the trend (Sen) and early trend detection (Mann-Whitney). The statistical significance adopted was 5 and / or 1%. The Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used to detect if there is a significant difference in mean interdecadal mean. For comparison between the methods of ETo, it were used the correlation test (r), the Student t test and Tukey levels of 5% significance. Finally, statistics Willmott et al. (1985) statistics was used to evaluate the concordance index and performance of simplified methods compared to the standard method. It obtained as main results that there was a decrease in the time series of EToPM in irrigated areas of Juazeiro, BA and Petrolina, PE, significant respectively at 1 and 5%, with an annual magnitude of -14.5 mm (Juazeiro) and -7.7 mm (Petrolina) and early trend in 1996. The methods which had better for better agreement with EToPM were EToRS with very good performance, in both locations, followed by the method of EToL with good performance (Juazeiro) and median (Petrolina). EToHS had the worst performance (bad) for both locations. It is suggested that this decrease of EToPM can be associated with the increase in irrigated agricultural areas and the construction of Sobradinho lake upstream of the perimeters.

Critério de correntropia no treinamento de redes fuzzy wavelet neural networks para identificação de sistemas dinâmicos não lineares

The great interest in nonlinear system identification is mainly due to the fact that a large amount of real systems are complex and need to have their nonlinearities considered so that their models can be successfully used in applications of control, prediction, inference, among others. This work evaluates the application of Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks (FWNN) to identify nonlinear dynamical systems subjected to noise and outliers. Generally, these elements cause negative effects on the identification procedure, resulting in erroneous interpretations regarding the dynamical behavior of the system. The FWNN combines in a single structure the ability to deal with uncertainties of fuzzy logic, the multiresolution characteristics of wavelet theory and learning and generalization abilities of the artificial neural networks. Usually, the learning procedure of these neural networks is realized by a gradient based method, which uses the mean squared error as its cost function. This work proposes the replacement of this traditional function by an Information Theoretic Learning similarity measure, called correntropy. With the use of this similarity measure, higher order statistics can be considered during the FWNN training process. For this reason, this measure is more suitable for non-Gaussian error distributions and makes the training less sensitive to the presence of outliers. In order to evaluate this replacement, FWNN models are obtained in two identification case studies: a real nonlinear system, consisting of a multisection tank, and a simulated system based on a model of the human knee joint. The results demonstrate that the application of correntropy as the error backpropagation algorithm cost function makes the identification procedure using FWNN models more robust to outliers. However, this is only achieved if the gaussian kernel width of correntropy is properly adjusted.

Qualidade do leite de búfala (Bubalus bubalis) suplementada com selênio

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet with selenium on the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count of buffalo milk, and check the selenium waste in milk and minas kind fresh cheese. For the analysis of physical-chemical composition and SCC were used 2264 buffalo milk data from the Murrah, belonging to Tapuio Ltda, located in the agreste region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period 2010 to 2014. To check the amount of selenium residue in buffalo milk and fresh cheese mines were used 100 Murrah buffaloes divided into 5 lots. The batches were formed according to the production levels of animals, wherein the amount of concentrate fed varied within each lot, which received 0.08 ppm / Se / kg of concentrate. Was collected from 300 ml of tank milk from and each lot, as well as 300 gr minas cheese, from August to November 2014, with the collection of lots held only in the month of November. The samples were sent to the Pernambuco Tecnology Institute for selenium residue analysis. The effect of the seasons was contrasted in two ways, namely: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter season or drought and rainy season. The analyzes statistics were performed using the procedures available in the software SAS® (SAS, 2002). Selenium level provided to the animals in this study was not significant to the point of detection of their residue in milk and the cheeses. However, it influences the reduction of the CCS. The milk characteristics were not affected by selenium use only the seasons.

Qualidade do leite de búfala (Bubalus bubalis) suplementada com selênio

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet with selenium on the physico-chemical composition and somatic cell count of buffalo milk, and check the selenium waste in milk and minas kind fresh cheese. For the analysis of physical-chemical composition and SCC were used 2264 buffalo milk data from the Murrah, belonging to Tapuio Ltda, located in the agreste region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period 2010 to 2014. To check the amount of selenium residue in buffalo milk and fresh cheese mines were used 100 Murrah buffaloes divided into 5 lots. The batches were formed according to the production levels of animals, wherein the amount of concentrate fed varied within each lot, which received 0.08 ppm / Se / kg of concentrate. Was collected from 300 ml of tank milk from and each lot, as well as 300 gr minas cheese, from August to November 2014, with the collection of lots held only in the month of November. The samples were sent to the Pernambuco Tecnology Institute for selenium residue analysis. The effect of the seasons was contrasted in two ways, namely: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter season or drought and rainy season. The analyzes statistics were performed using the procedures available in the software SAS® (SAS, 2002). Selenium level provided to the animals in this study was not significant to the point of detection of their residue in milk and the cheeses. However, it influences the reduction of the CCS. The milk characteristics were not affected by selenium use only the seasons.

Análise experimental do consumo de um veículo flex operando com diferentes misturas de gasolina/etanol em tráfego urbano

This study is an analysis, on a trial basis, the fuel consumption of a Flex vehicle, operating with different mixtures of gasoline and ethanol in urban traffic, allowing more consistent results with the reality of the driver. Considering that most owners unaware of the possibility of mixing the fuel at the time of supply, thus enabling the choice of the most economically viable mixing gasoline / ethanol, resulting in lower costs and possibly a decrease in pollutant emission rates. Currently, there is a myth created by the people that supply ethanol only becomes viable if the value of not more than 70% of regular gasoline. However vehicles with this technology make it possible to operate with any percentage of mixture in the fuel tank, but today many of the owners of these vehicles do not use this feature effectively, because they ignore the possibility of mixing or the reason there is a deeper study regarding the optimal percentage of the mixture to provide a higher yield with a lower cost than proposed by the manufacturers.

Análise experimental do consumo de um veículo flex operando com diferentes misturas de gasolina/etanol em tráfego urbano

This study is an analysis, on a trial basis, the fuel consumption of a Flex vehicle, operating with different mixtures of gasoline and ethanol in urban traffic, allowing more consistent results with the reality of the driver. Considering that most owners unaware of the possibility of mixing the fuel at the time of supply, thus enabling the choice of the most economically viable mixing gasoline / ethanol, resulting in lower costs and possibly a decrease in pollutant emission rates. Currently, there is a myth created by the people that supply ethanol only becomes viable if the value of not more than 70% of regular gasoline. However vehicles with this technology make it possible to operate with any percentage of mixture in the fuel tank, but today many of the owners of these vehicles do not use this feature effectively, because they ignore the possibility of mixing or the reason there is a deeper study regarding the optimal percentage of the mixture to provide a higher yield with a lower cost than proposed by the manufacturers.