Corpus Luteum Development and Function after Supplementation of Long-Acting Progesterone During the Early Luteal Phase in Beef Cattle

Contents: Strategic supplementation of P4 may be used to increase conception rates in cattle, but timing of supplementation in relation to ovulation, mass of supplementary P4 and formulation of the P4-containing supplement has not been determined for beef cattle. Effects of supplementation of long-acting progesterone (P4) on Days 2 or 3 post-ovulation on development, function and regression of corpus luteum (CL) were studied in beef cattle. Cows were synchronized with an oestradiol/P4-based protocol and treated with 150 or 300 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 2 or 3 post-ovulation (6-7 cows/group). Colour-doppler ultrasound scanning and blood sample collection were performed from Day 2-21.5. Plasma P4 concentrations were greater (p < 0.05) from Day 2.5-5.5 in the Day 2-treated groups and from Day 3.5-5.5 in the Day 3-treated cows than in the control group. CL area and blood flow during Day 2-8.5 did not differ (p > 0.05) among groups, suggesting no effect of P4 treatment on luteal development. The frequency of cows that began luteolysis before Day 15 was greater (p < 0.04) in cows treated with 300 mg than in the controls, but there were no differences between non-treated and 150 mg-treated cows. The interval from pre-treatment ovulation to functional and structural luteolysis was shorter (p < 0.01) in the combined P4-treated groups than in the control cows. In conclusion, was showed for the first time that long-acting P4 supplementation on Day 2 or 3 post-ovulation increases P4 concentrations for ≥3 day, has no effect on luteal development, but anticipates the beginning of luteolysis in beef cattle. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Principales emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos y algunos medios para su control: elementos para la discusión, el caso de Chile

Contiene el trabajo para el seminario-taller "Políticas para el control y fiscalización de la contaminación atmosférica de los sectores productivo y energético", Santiago, 5-7 diciembre de 1990, y los comentarios y debates ahí presentados

Vivências espaciais e saberes em uma escola Waldorf: um estudo etnomatemático

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hogares en asentamientos informales en Costa Rica: quiénes son y cómo viven

Los asentamientos informales son la realidad de miles de hogares en Costa Rica; sin embargo, la carencia de información sobre sus características y condiciones de vida limita la aplicación eficaz de políticas, programas y proyectos orientados a hacer f ente a este fenómeno. Ante el panorama de los asentamientos informales, surgió la necesidad de desarrollar una mejor aproximación al dato de viviendas y hogares en esta situación. Con ese propósito, se brinda en el presente estudio una alternativa metodológica que emplea la base de datos de asentamientos informales (o en precario) del Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos (MIVAH), la cartografía digital del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC) y la base de datos del X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda (en adelante, Censo de 2011), con el fin de obtener información específica de cada uno de los asentamientos informales identificados La metodología aplicada dio origen a una nueva variable de “asentamientos informales” en la base de datos del censo, lo que permite hacer cruces entre esta y todas las demás variables censales que contienen información sobre las características de las viviendas, los hogares y las personas. El propósito del estudio es ofrecer un insumo para que las instituciones y personas dedicadas al análisis y al diseño e implementación de políticas y programas tendientes a mejorar la situación y las condiciones de vida de los hogares localizados en asentamientos informales dirijan sus acciones a quienes realmente lo necesitan.

Validação e cálculo da incerteza de métodos clássicos: titulométricos e espectrofotométricos utilizados na determinação de ácido ascórbico

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Migração por equação de onda em meios anisotrópicos com correção de amplitude

Este trabalho discute dois aspectos da migração em profundidade através da continuação para baixo dos campos de onda: o tratamento de modos evanescentes e a correção da amplitude dos eventos migrados. Estes dois aspectos são discutidos em meios isotrópicos e para uma classe de meios anisotrópicos. Migrações por diferenças finitas (FD) e por diferenças finitas e Fourier (FFD) podem ser instáveis em meios com forte variação lateral de velocidade. Estes métodos utilizam aproximações de Padé reais para representar o operador que descreve a propagação de ondas descendentes. Estas abordagens não são capazes de tratar corretamente os modos evanescentes, o que pode levar à instabilidades numéricas em meios com forte variação lateral de velocidade. Uma solução possível para esse problema é utilizar aproximação de Padé complexa, que consegue melhor representar os modos evanescentes associados às reflexões pós-críticas, e neste trabalho esta aproximação é utilizada para obter algoritmos FD e híbrido FD/FFD estáveis para migração em meios transversalmente isotrópicos com eixo de simetria vertical (VTI), mesmo na presença de forte variação nas propriedades elásticas do meio. A estabilidade dos algoritmos propostos para meios VTI foi validada através da resposta ao impulso do operador de migração e pela sua aplicação na migração de dados sintéticos, em meios fortemente heterogêneos. Métodos de migração por equação de onda em meios heterogêneos não tratam corretamente a amplitude dos eventos durante a propagação. As equações de onda unidirecionais tradicionais descrevem corretamente apenas a parte cinemática da propagação do campo de onda. Assim, para uma descrição correta das amplitudes deve-se usar as equações de onda unidirecionais de amplitude verdadeira. Em meios verticalmente heterogêneos, as equações de onda unidirecionais de amplitude verdadeira podem ser resolvidas analiticamente. Em meios lateralmente heterogêneos, essas equações não possuem uma solução analítica. Mesmo soluções numéricas tendem a ser instáveis. Para melhorar a compensação de amplitude na migração, em meios com variação lateral de velocidade, é proposto uma aproximação estável para solução da equação de onda unidirecional de amplitude verdadeira. Esta nova aproximação é implementada nas migrações split-step e diferenças finitas e Fourier (FFD). O algoritmo split-step com correção de amplitude foi estendido para meios VTI. A migração pré e pós-empilhamento de dados sintéticos, em meios isotrópicos e anisotrópicos, confirmam o melhor tratamento das amplitudes e estabilidade dos algoritmos propostos.

Enzyme replacement therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I among patients followed within the MPS Brazil Network

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase. Few clinical trials have assessed the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for this condition. We conducted an exploratory, open-label, non-randomized, multicenter cohort study of patients with MPS I. Data were collected from questionnaires completed by attending physicians at the time of diagnosis (T1; n = 34) and at a median time of 2.5 years later (T2; n = 24/34). The 24 patients for whom data were available at T2 were allocated into groups: A, no ERT (9 patients; median age at T1 = 36 months; 6 with severe phenotype); B, on ERT (15 patients; median age at T1 = 33 months; 4 with severe phenotype). For all variables in which there was no between-group difference at baseline, a delta of ≥ ± 20% was considered clinically relevant. The following clinically relevant differences were identified in group B in T2: lower rates of mortality and reported hospitalization for respiratory infection; lower frequency of hepatosplenomegaly; increased reported rates of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hearing loss; and stabilization of gibbus deformity. These changes could be due to the effect of ERT or of other therapies which have also been found more frequently in group B. Our findings suggest MPS I patients on ERT also receive a better overall care. ERT may have a positive effect on respiratory morbidity and overall mortality in patients with MPS I. Additional studies focusing on these outcomes and on other therapies should be performed.

Avaliação comparativa da eficácia da terapia de reposição hormonal de baixa dose isolada ou associada à sinvastatina no perfil lipídico e lipoprotéico em mulheres sintomáticas e dislipidêmicas na pós-menopausa

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Reintrodução de mutuns-do sudeste Cra blumenbachii (Cracidade) na mata atlântica da Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brasil)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Balanço de potássio no sistema solo-planta influenciado pela textura e adubação potássica em solos tropicais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Effect of pH on boron adsorption in some soils of Parana, Brazil

Temporary B deficiency can be triggered by liming of acid soils because of increased B adsorption at higher soil pH. Plants respond directly to the activity of B in soil solution and only indirectly to B adsorbed on soil constituents. Because the range between deficient and toxic B concentration is relatively narrow, this poses difficulty in maintaining appropriate B levels in soil solution. Thus, knowledge of the chemical behavior of B in the soil is particularly important. The present study investigated the effect of soil pH on B adsorption in four soils of Parana State, and to correlate these values with the physical and chemical properties of the soils. Surface samples were taken from a Rhodic Hapludox, Arenic Hapludalf, Arenic Hapludult, and one Typic Usthorthent. To evaluate the effect of pH on B adsorption, subsamples soil received the application of increasing rates of calcium carbonate. Boron adsorption was accomplished by shaking 2.0 g soil, for 24 h, with 20 mL of 0.01 mol L-1 NaCl solution containing different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, and 4.0 mg B L-1). Sorption was fitted to non-linear form of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Boron adsorption increased as concentration increased. Boron adsorption was dependent on soil pH, increasing as a function of pH in the range between 4.6 and 7.4, although the bonding energy has decreased. Maximum adsorption capacity (MAC) of B was observed in the Arenic Hapludalf (49.8 mg B kg(-1) soil) followed by Arenic Hapludult (22.5 mg kg(-1)), Rhodic Hapludox (17.4 mg kg(-1)), and Typic Usthorthent (7.0 mg kg(-1)). The organic matter content, clay content, and aluminum oxide content (Al2O3) were the soils properties that affecting the B adsorption on Parana soils.

Validation of analytical methodology for quantification of cefazolin sodium pharmaceutical dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography to be applied for quality control in pharmaceutical industry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reintroducing the red-billed curassow in Brazil: Population viability analysis points to potential success

Reintroduction can be enhanced by data from long-term post-release monitoring, which allows for modeling opportunities such as population viability analysis (PVA). PVA-relevant data were gathered via long-term monitoring of reintroduced red-billed curassows at the Guapiacu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, over 25 months. In the present article, we (1) assess the robustness of the reintroduction plan, (2) evaluate the viability of the current reintroduced population, and (3) examine mitigation options to increase the viability of this population. VORTEX indicates that the initial plan, fully implemented, was likely to establish a viable population at REGUA. The current population is unviable; the best mitigation strategies are to eliminate hunting altogether, or at least reduce it by half, and to supplement ten immature pairs in 2015. A positive long-term outcome at REGUA is still possible; we encourage the Brazilian government and private stakeholders to consider population supplementation, both to achieve success at REGUA and to improve the evidence base for future reintroductions. (C) 2014 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

POTASSIC FERTILIZATION FOR CRAMBE CROP

There are few studies for the crambe crop (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), and studies that characterize the sufficiency level of K in the soil and leaves are indispensable to support future programs potassium fertilization for this crop of fall/winter. An experiment was carried out to investigate the response of crambe to K soil. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Red Latossol under no-till in Botucatu, S (a) over tildeo Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of seven K levels in the soil, resulting from the application year (2000 to 2010), the summer crop (soybean), 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg ha(-1) K2O. Before starting the experiment, soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm and soil K contents determined by the resin and Mehlich-1 method. The sufficiency levels of K in soil and leaves were obtained considering the relative yield of 90%. When the levels of soil K extracted by resin and Mehlich-1, are above 88 and 94 mg dm(-3), respectively, equivalent to 26 g kg(-1) K in the leaves, the increase in crop yield of crambe is unlikely. These values should match the sufficiency level of crop and are sufficient to achieve relative grain yield of 90%.

An evolutionary approach to improve connectivity prediction in mobile wireless sensor networks

Connectivity is the basic factor for the proper operation of any wireless network. In a mobile wireless sensor network it is a challenge for applications and protocols to deal with connectivity problems, as links might get up and down frequently. In these scenarios, having knowledge of the node remaining connectivity time could both improve the performance of the protocols (e.g. handoff mechanisms) and save possible scarce nodes resources (CPU, bandwidth, and energy) by preventing unfruitful transmissions. The current paper provides a solution called Genetic Machine Learning Algorithm (GMLA) to forecast the remainder connectivity time in mobile environments. It consists in combining Classifier Systems with a Markov chain model of the RF link quality. The main advantage of using an evolutionary approach is that the Markov model parameters can be discovered on-the-fly, making it possible to cope with unknown environments and mobility patterns. Simulation results show that the proposal is a very suitable solution, as it overcomes the performance obtained by similar approaches.