La capilla del Cristo de las Descalzas Reales de Madrid: arte y liturgia en el siglo XVI

Estudio de la capilla del Cristo de las Descalzas Reales de Madrid que analiza la historia de la obra, sus aspectos artísticos y su significado. Las circunstancias de la fundación del monasterio explican la función de la capilla como escenario de las especiales ceremonias litúrgicas del Viernes Santo y del Domingo de Resurrección instauradas en razón de su origen, lo que permite asimismo fijar su ejecución entre las obras de su etapa fundacional, probablemente entre 1560 y 1565, diseñada por artistas de los talleres reales. Se aporta noticia documental sobre Diego de Urbina y Juan de Cerecedo como pintores al servicio de Juana de Austria en ese momento.

The feminine character and temporal freedom in three historical novels by Angelina Muñiz: Morada interior (1972), "El Mercader de Tudela" (1995) y "La Burladora de Toledo" (2008)

We focus on the representation of time in Muñiz’s historical novels. Concretely, we stress the attitude of the feminine characters towards time and history. Muñiz’s female personages continuously transgress temporal borders and move freely between different historical periods. We relate Muñiz’s particular vision on time and on the separation lines between historical periods to her situation as an exile. The author is continuously crossing borders between the past of her homeland and the present of her adoptive country. We argument Muñiz is recreating this “borderfree” attitude towards time in the female characters of her historical novels.

El patrimonio a través de la educación artística en la etapa de primaria

El área de educación artística en el currículum de primaria ha estado ligada a la enseñanza del patrimonio en las tres últimas décadas y, seguida del área de Ciencias Sociales en sus diferentes denominaciones, ha sido la materia que más se ha ocupado del la enseñanza de nuestro legado cultural, desde la LOGSE, pasando por la LOE hasta la actual LOMCE. Sin embargo, con la última reforma educativa ha sufrido una pérdida de presencia que la sitúa como una materia prescindible, en tanto un alumno puede transitar por toda la etapa de Primaria sin recibir una sola hora de educación artística. En efecto, las CCAA y los centros, en el ejercicio de sus competencias (Artículo 3) pueden decidir no ofertarla o, aun ofertándola, puede no ser elegida de entre otras asignaturas específicas como Segunda Lengua Extranjera, Religión o Valores Sociales y Cívicos.Por todo ello, proponemos un análisis del contenido de las tres grandes leyes generales de educación de las tres últimas décadas -LOGSE, LOE y LOMCE- examinando la presencia del patrimonio en la educación artística, para detectar los enfoques y concepciones subyacentes en los diferentes desarrollos curriculares. Todo ello nos situará ante un escenario, el presente, en el que podremos demandar la recuperación de contenidos o competencias perdidas, pero también promover el máximo aprovechamiento de las que sí se han incluido en el currículum vigente. Por todo ello, proponemos un análisis del contenido de las tres grandes leyes generales de educación de las tres últimas décadas -LOGSE, LOE y LOMCE- examinando la presencia del patrimonio en la educación artística, para detectar los enfoques y concepciones subyacentes en los diferentes desarrollos curriculares. Todo ello nos situará ante un escenario, el presente, en el que podremos demandar la recuperación de contenidos o competencias perdidas, pero también promover el máximo aprovechamiento de las que sí se han incluido en el currículum vigente.

Evidence for chronic morbillivirus infection in the Mediterranean striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)

In the summer of 1990 an epizootic infection caused by a morbillivirus (DMV) killed several thousand striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1991 and 1992 the epizootic reached Italian and Greek waters. The infection by DMV in the acute period of the epizootic caused encephalitis, pneumonia and depletion of lymph nodes. After 1990, the systemic infection apparently disappeared from the Catalonian coast, giving way to cases of chronic infection of the CNS. Dolphins that died between 1991 and May 1994 were necropsied, and investigated for lesions due to DMV, and for the presence of morbillivirus antigen in tissues. Encephalitis occurred in 6 dolphins in which DMV antigen was demonstrated in the CNS and which were without lesions or antigen in other, non-nervous tissues. Inflammatory lesions, gliosis, and DMV antigen decreased in density and amount from cerebral grey matter, through the thalamic areas to the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum was usually spared. Lesions consisted of non-suppurative encephalitis, with diffuse gliosis and glial nodules and neuronophagia, and loss of neurons. Perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and plasma cells was present in the cerebral cortex and the white matter beneath the cortex. Multinucleate syncytia were not detected in any of the dolphins. The haemagglutinin of DMV was detected mainly in neurons in the cerebral cortical areas. There was no clear relationship between the presence and amount of DMV antigen and the density or chronicity of lesions. Viral inclusions were seen in haematoxylin and eosin stained sections in 3/6 dolphins, principally in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of neurons. In the immunoperoxidase stained sections, dense granular deposits of chromogen, similar to viral inclusions, were evident in all 6 dolphins. The change in the distribution of lesions and of DMV antigen, from systemic to localized in the CNS, and the clustering of systemic DMV infections in the first four months of the epizootic, giving rise to sporadic occurrence of local CNS infection in the subsequent four years, as well as the chronic nature of the CNS lesions, which closely resembles subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, strongly support the existence of a chronic morbillivirus infection in the striped dolphin, as a delayed consequence of the 1990 epizootic.

New Views on Effect of Recycled Aggregates on Concrete Compressive Strength

This paper presents an in-depth study on the effect that composition and properties of recycled coarse aggregates from previous concrete structures, together with water/cement ratio (w/c) and a replacement ratio of coarse aggregate, have on compressive strength, its evolution through time, and its variability. A rigorous approach through statistical inference based on multiple linear regression has identified the key factors. A predictive equation is given for compressive strength when recycled coarse aggregates are used. The w/c and replacement ratio are the capital factors affecting concrete compressive strength. Their effect is significantly modified by the properties and composition of the recycled aggregates used. An equation that accurately predicts concrete compressive strength in terms of these parameters is presented. Particular attention has been paid to the complex effect that old concrete and adhered mortar have on concrete compressive strength and its mid-term evolution. It has been confirmed that the presence of contaminants tends to increase variability of compressive strength values.

A decision support system for managing irrigation in agriculture

In this paper, an automatic Smart Irrigation Decision Support System, SIDSS, is proposed to manage irrigation in agriculture. Our system estimates the weekly irrigations needs of a plantation, on the basis of both soil measurements and climatic variables gathered by several autonomous nodes deployed in field. This enables a closed loop control scheme to adapt the decision support system to local perturbations and estimation errors. Two machine learning techniques, PLSR and ANFIS, are proposed as reasoning engine of our SIDSS. Our approach is validated on three commercial plantations of citrus trees located in the South-East of Spain. Performance is tested against decisions taken by a human expert.

Teología india y nuevos desafios

El Episcopado latinoamericano en Santo Domingo puntualiza el tema de la "interculturación de la fé hacia nueva evangelización. En este clima y en el marco de la reflexión sobre los 500 años, representantes ecuménicos de las organizaciones de base de la Pastoral indígena desde México a Chile se han reunido en Quito entre 29 de Agosto y 6 de Septiembre. Presentamos el material recogido por la comisión encargada de la memoria.

Educación indígena: Transmisión de valores, bilingüismo e interculturalismo hoy

Agrupa estudios sobre la educación indígena tradicional (no escolarizada) y sus mecanismos de trasmisión de valores y conocimientos. Además recoge experiencias de educación bilingüe-intercultural en diversos pueblos indígenas de América.

Programas de cribado neonatal en España: Actualización y propuestas de futuro. Documento del consenso

Este documento tiene como objetivo principal aportar el conocimiento y la experiencia de los profesionales implicados en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias a la prevención de estos defectos. Cuenta con el apoyo incondicional de la Federación Española de Asociaciones de Padres de niños afectados por fenilcetonuria (PKU) y otros trastornos del metabolismo (OTM).

Automatic information and safety systems for driving assistance

O objeto principal desta tese é o estudo de algoritmos de processamento e representação automáticos de dados, em particular de informação obtida por sensores montados a bordo de veículos (2D e 3D), com aplicação em contexto de sistemas de apoio à condução. O trabalho foca alguns dos problemas que, quer os sistemas de condução automática (AD), quer os sistemas avançados de apoio à condução (ADAS), enfrentam hoje em dia. O documento é composto por duas partes. A primeira descreve o projeto, construção e desenvolvimento de três protótipos robóticos, incluindo pormenores associados aos sensores montados a bordo dos robôs, algoritmos e arquitecturas de software. Estes robôs foram utilizados como plataformas de ensaios para testar e validar as técnicas propostas. Para além disso, participaram em várias competições de condução autónoma tendo obtido muito bons resultados. A segunda parte deste documento apresenta vários algoritmos empregues na geração de representações intermédias de dados sensoriais. Estes podem ser utilizados para melhorar técnicas já existentes de reconhecimento de padrões, deteção ou navegação, e por este meio contribuir para futuras aplicações no âmbito dos AD ou ADAS. Dado que os veículos autónomos contêm uma grande quantidade de sensores de diferentes naturezas, representações intermédias são particularmente adequadas, pois podem lidar com problemas relacionados com as diversas naturezas dos dados (2D, 3D, fotométrica, etc.), com o carácter assíncrono dos dados (multiplos sensores a enviar dados a diferentes frequências), ou com o alinhamento dos dados (problemas de calibração, diferentes sensores a disponibilizar diferentes medições para um mesmo objeto). Neste âmbito, são propostas novas técnicas para a computação de uma representação multi-câmara multi-modal de transformação de perspectiva inversa, para a execução de correcção de côr entre imagens de forma a obter mosaicos de qualidade, ou para a geração de uma representação de cena baseada em primitivas poligonais, capaz de lidar com grandes quantidades de dados 3D e 2D, tendo inclusivamente a capacidade de refinar a representação à medida que novos dados sensoriais são recebidos.

Estudo e sugestões de melhorias de eficiência energética numa empresa do sector industrial de carnes

Desta dissertação resultou uma análise ao consumo energético associado aos produtos mais comerci-alizados por uma Empresa, inserida no sector industrial de carnes, e de respectivas medidas de ges-tão de energia eléctrica e de implementação de tecnologia térmica para optimizara a eficiência ener-gética da instalação. A avaliação realizada nesta dissertação permitiu identificar os processos que mais energia consomem, nomeadamente todos os produtos que envolvem a fumagem. Com base nes-tes resultados a empresa pode identificar as prioridades em termos de redução e melhoria da eficiên-cia energética. O estudo de gestão da energia eléctrica permitiu concluir que é mais proveitoso man-ter em funcionamento os processos pontuais durante os períodos nocturnos ou durante o fim-de-semana, permitindo, no segundo caso, obter uma poupança de 16% nos custos associados de cada vez que se colocar a linha de produção de peito de peru fumado entre o período semanal para o perí-odo entre sexta-feira e domingo, visto ser a linha de produção estudada que mais energia eléctrica consome. Na análise de pré-aquecimento dos fluidos utilizados na empresa através de recuperadores de calor, concluiu-se que é mais benéfico pré-aquecer a água utilizada para o processo de fumagem, visto obter-se uma poupança económica de 6 € e 11,8 m3 de gás natural por aplicação, ou seja, de cada vez que é utilizada água pré-aquecida através deste procedimento, tendo-se obtido valores de poupança energética entre 24 e 60% para os vários fluidos estudados.

Comparing impact and cost-effectiveness of primary prevention strategies for lipid-lowering.

BACKGROUND: Lipid-lowering therapy is costly but effective at reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness and public health impact of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines and compare with a range of risk- and age-based alternative strategies. DESIGN: The CHD Policy Model, a Markov-type cost-effectiveness model. DATA SOURCES: National surveys (1999 to 2004), vital statistics (2000), the Framingham Heart Study (1948 to 2000), other published data, and a direct survey of statin costs (2008). TARGET POPULATION: U.S. population age 35 to 85 years. Time Horizon: 2010 to 2040. PERSPECTIVE: Health care system. INTERVENTION: Lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). OUTCOME MEASURE: Incremental cost-effectiveness. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: Full adherence to ATP III primary prevention guidelines would require starting (9.7 million) or intensifying (1.4 million) statin therapy for 11.1 million adults and would prevent 20,000 myocardial infarctions and 10,000 CHD deaths per year at an annual net cost of $3.6 billion ($42,000/QALY) if low-intensity statins cost $2.11 per pill. The ATP III guidelines would be preferred over alternative strategies if society is willing to pay $50,000/QALY and statins cost $1.54 to $2.21 per pill. At higher statin costs, ATP III is not cost-effective; at lower costs, more liberal statin-prescribing strategies would be preferred; and at costs less than $0.10 per pill, treating all persons with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels greater than 3.4 mmol/L (>130 mg/dL) would yield net cost savings. RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: Results are sensitive to the assumptions that LDL cholesterol becomes less important as a risk factor with increasing age and that little disutility results from taking a pill every day. LIMITATION: Randomized trial evidence for statin effectiveness is not available for all subgroups. CONCLUSION: The ATP III guidelines are relatively cost-effective and would have a large public health impact if implemented fully in the United States. Alternate strategies may be preferred, however, depending on the cost of statins and how much society is willing to pay for better health outcomes. FUNDING: Flight Attendants' Medical Research Institute and the Swanson Family Fund. The Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Sudden cardiac death in forensic medicine - Swiss recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is by definition unexpected and cardiac in nature. The investigation is almost invariably performed by a forensic pathologist. Under these circumstances the role of the forensic pathologist is twofold: (1.) to determine rapidly and efficiently the cause and manner of death and (2.) to initiate a multidisciplinary process in order to prevent further deaths in existing family members. If the death is determined to be due to "natural" causes the district attorney in charge often refuses further examinations. However, additional examinations, i.e. extensive histopathological investigations and/or molecular genetic analyses, are necessary in many cases to clarify the cause of death. The Swiss Society of Legal Medicine created a multidisciplinary working group together with clinical and molecular geneticists and cardiologists in the hope of harmonising the approach to investigate SCD. The aim of this paper is to close the gap between the Swiss recommendations for routine forensic post-mortem cardiac examination and clinical recommendations for genetic testing of inherited cardiac diseases; this is in order to optimise the diagnostic procedures and preventive measures for living family members. The key points of the recommendations are (1.) the forensic autopsy procedure for all SCD victims under 40 years of age, (2.) the collection and storage of adequate samples for genetic testing, (3.) communication with the families, and (4.) a multidisciplinary approach including cardiogenetic counselling.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Clef d'un chiffre. En italien ; 2 Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE, duchesse douairière DE FERRARE, « à monseigneur le duc [Alphonse II d'Este]... De Montargis, ce XXIIIe aoust 1570 ». Minute ; 3 Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE,... à madame ma fille... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Montargis, ce XXIIIe aoust 1570 ». Minute ; 4 Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE « à madame la princesse d'Urbin [sa fille]... De Montargis, ce XXIIIe aoust 1570 » ; 5 Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE « à madame Lienor [d'Est]... De Montargis, ce XXIIIe aoust 1570 ». Minute ; 6 Lettre de RENEE DE FRANCE « au Sr Don Loys [d'Est]... De Montargis, ce XXIIIe aoust 1570 ». Minute ; 7 Promesse de payement faite par « JAQUES DE SAVOYE,... duca di Genevoys e di Nemours », à « Gio. Antonio Scalla, mercante gioliero de Milano... A Moncallieri, il VIII novembre 1581 » ; suivie de la quittance du joaillier, « 27 zuegno 1583 ». En italien ; 8 Lettre de « JEHAN BATISTE DE GONDI,... à madame [la duchesse de Ferrare]... De Paris, ce XXVIIe decembre 1567 » ; 9 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST [duchesse DE NEMOURS]... à monseigneur Guyon, receveur du domaine de Montargis... Escript à Paris, ce XVIIe jour de juin 1600 » ; 10 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST,... à monsieur de Selincourt,... bailly et gouverneur de Montargis... De Lyon, ce Xme d'avril 1596 » ; 11 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST,... à monsieur de Selincourt,... De Lagneux, ce 19me mars 1596 » ; 12 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST » à « monsieur de Selincourt,... De St Maur des Fossez, ce XXIXe aoust 1596 » ; 13 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST,... à monsieur de Selincourt,... De St Maur des Fossez, ce XXIXe aoust 1596 » ; 14 Lettre, en italien, de « FRANCESCO DI ESTE,... alla... duchessa de Nemors,... Di Ferrara, alli 28 de ottobre 1566 » ; 15 Lettre de madame D'« ANTREMONT,... à madame... la duchesse de Nemours et de Genevois,... De Sçaint André, se 25 de fevrier 1582 » ; 16 Mandement d'« ANNE D'EST,... duchesse de Genevoys et de Nemours,... à noz... feaulx conseilliers les president et maistres de nostre chambre des comptes de Genevoys... Donné à Verneuil, le unziesme jour de juing, l'an mil cinq cens quatre vingtz et deux » ; 17 Lettres patentes du roi « HENRY » III pour conclure l'« accord... entre monseigneur de Montpensier et monseigneur de Nevers,... Donné à Bloys, le XVIIIe jour d'avril, l'an de grace mil cinq cens quatre vingtz ung ». Copie ; 18 Minute d'une lettre du roi de France au pape, en faveur de Louis, « cardinal d'Est » ; 19 « Minute de contract » de vente passé entre « Stephano Capris, cittadino di Turino », et « Giacomo di Savoya, duca di Nemors et dil Genevoys,... fatto nella citta di Turino... all' ottavo giorno dil mese di febraro... l'anno doppo la... Nativita mille cinque cento octanta duoi ». En italien ; 20 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE [duc DE NEMOURS]... à monsieur... Dormy » ; 21 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monseigneur Dormy, conseiller et secretaire du roy et de ses finances... A Turin... ce 3me janvier 1613 » ; 22 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur Dormy,... De Nicy, ce 2e Xbre 1616 ». Cette lettre est accompagnée d'une note signée : « J. DE MONGOUMERY » ; 23 Requête adressée par « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à nosseigneurs de parlement », relativement à la terre de « Dhueul-sur-Oize » ; 24 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur Dormy,... De Lagneux, le XXVe aoust 1616 » ; 25 Lettre d'« ANNE DE LORRAINE,... à monsieur... Dormy,... De Beaumont, ce XVII 7bre 1603 » ; 26 « Articles par lesquelx le cappitaine JAQUES DEMOZZY entant soy justiffier envers monseigneur et madame de Genevois et de Nemours ». Copie ; 27 État de la taille en certaines villes et provinces de France ; 28 Fragment relatif à l'engagement, avec faculté de rachat, du comté de Valognes à « Claude de Tende ». Copie ; 29 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monseigneur de Moiron, recepveur general de mes finances de Genevois et Foucigny,... A Paris, ce XXIIIIe apvril 1599 » ; 30 « Brevet » d'assignation faite par « le duc de Genevois, de Nemours et de Chartres », aux religieuses Ursulines du faubourg St Jacques sur la pension dont il jouissait au trésor royal, d'une somme qui leur était due par suite de legs successifs. « A Paris... vingt quatriesme du mois de juillet mil six cens dix sept ». Copie ; 31 « Memoire de ce qui se presente necessaire pour le service de monseigneur... le duc de Nemours,... pendant qu'il est en court... 1615 » ; 32 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de « VALERIO CATULE,... Di Milano, alli 11 febrajo 1613 » ; 33 « Roolle des personnes ordinaires qui sont à la suitte de monseigneur [le duc de Nemours]... A Paris, le premier jour du moys de mars mil six cent cinq » ; 34 « Coppie de transaction passée entre madame... Anne d'Est, duchesse [douairière] de Nemours,... et monseigneur... Henry de Savoye, duc de Nemours,... Faict et passé... en l'hostel de Nemours à Paris, le samedy... tiers jour d'avril, l'an mil six cens et quatre » ; 35 Promesse faite par « Me Loys Le Court, conseiller du roy et secretaire de ses finances... et Nicolas Picart, son gendre, escuier, sieur de Sainct Germain,... à... madame Anne d'Est, duchesse de Genevois, de Nemoux et de Chartres, à messire Guillaume Le Cirier, sieur de Neufchelles, et Guillaume Perdrier, sieur de Bobigny,... à cause du rachapt et payement d'arreraiges... faict... audict sieur Le Court,... de soixante treize escuz trente six solz huict deniers tournois de rente... affin que lesdicts dame et sieurs de Neufchelles et Bobigny n'ayent peine à cause dudict rachapt... Faict et passé multiple en l'hostel de Nemoux... le dimanche apres midy, vingtiesme jour de fevrier, l'an mil six cens » ; 36 Lettre de « MARIE DE LOMENIE,... à monsieur... le duc de Nemours,... A Mirebeau, ce XXVIme juing 1627 » ; 37 « Coppye de memoire et propos concernant les offres deliberées d'estre faictes par aulcuns des offyciers de finance qui desirent la revocquacion de la chambre de justice... Decembre M.VI.C.XXIIII » ; 38 « Roolle des personnes ordinaires qui sont à la suitte de monseigneur, de madame [le duc et la duchesse de Nemours] et de monsieur le prince de Genevois, durant le mois de juillet 1621 » ; 39 Procuration » donnée par « Henry de Savoye », duc de Nemours, et « Anne de Loraine », sa femme, « pour raison de la vente de la terre et seigneurie de la comté de Sainct Vallier... L'an mil six cens vingt, le dix septiesme jour de juillet ». Minute ; 40 Lettre de « CIZE,... à monseigneur [le duc de Nemours]... De Nissy, ce 29 juin 1620 » ; 41 « Roolle et distribution des estrennes ordonnées par monseigneur [le duc de Nemours] aux officiers du roy et autres, payées par Robert Guillin, le premier jour de janvier 1619 » ; 42 « Rolle et distribution des estrennes pour l'année 1620 » ; 43 « Roolle des personnes ordinayres qui sont à la suitte de monseigneur [le duc de Nemours] durant le mois de may 1618 » ; 44 Fragment d'un état des recettes et dépenses de la maison du duc de Nemours ; 45 Lettre de « LUCAS TASCHEREAU,... à monseigneur le duc de Nemours » ; 46 « Nombre des compagnies du regiment de Forestz » ; 47 « Estat des deniers paiez, non paiez et advancez pour l'extraordinaire de la guerre suivant les commandements et ordonnances de monseigneur le duc de Nemours, année M.V.C.IIII.XX.XIII » ; 48 « Inventaire des pieces que Me René Baudart, advocat et conseil de... messire Jaques de Savoye, duc de Genevoys et de Nemours,... veult et entend comunicquer à Me Pierre de La Lanne, advocat et conseil de damoiselle Françoise de Rohan, deffenderesse ». 11 avril 1573 ; 49 « Estat de ce qui est deu à monsieur le duc de Nemours, dont il demande à messieurs des comptes bailler advis au roy » ; 50 Requête adressée « à messieurs du conseil de monseigneur le duc de Ferrare et de Chartres », par « GIRARD GALIGRE, receveur du dommaine de Chartres ». Avec réponses en marge ; 51 « Brief Memoire du faict du proces pendant au conseil entre monseigneur [le duc de Nemours] et les bourgeois de Lyon » ; 52 Requête adressée « au roy et à nosseigneurs de son conseil » par « ANNE D'EST, procuratrisse du sieur duc de Nemours, son filz », relativement au même procès. Suivie de notes se rapportant à la même affaire. Copie ; 53 « Memoire de la conduitte du corps de monseigneur le duc de Nemours,... Du XV juillet 1632 » ; 54 Lettre d'« ANNE DE LORRAINE [duchesse DE NEMOURS]... à monsieur Dormy,... D'Annisi, ce 27 febvrier 1634 » ; 55 Lettre d'« ANNE DE LORRAINE,... à monsieur Dormy,... A Turin, ce 22 octobre 1633 » ; 56 Mandement de HENRI DE SAVOIE, « duc de Genevois et de Nemours, comte de Gisors,... à... Me Gilles Delaporte, fermier du domaine et peages des vicontez d'Andely et Vernon », de payer « à Mrs Claude Leprince et Pierre le Moyne,... la somme de trois cens livres... Faict à Paris, le XIIIIe jour de novembre M.VI.C.XXVI ». Copie ; 57 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur Dormy,... A Fontainebleau, ce 11e may 1626 » ; 58 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur Dormy,... A Fonteinebleau, ce 24e apvril 1626 » ; 59 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur... Dormy,... A Fonteinebleau, ce 12e septembre 1625 » ; 60 Lettre de « HENRY DE SAVOYE,... à monsieur Dormy,... De Fontainebleau, ce 18 septembre 1625 » ; 61 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de « GASPARO FOGLIANI,... De Parigi, li XX d'ottobre 1568 » ; 62 Lettre de « JEHAN BATISTE DE GONDI,... à madame [la duchesse de Ferrare]... De Paris, ce XXe d'aoust 1569 » ; 63 Requête adressée par « PHILIBERTE MINGON,... PHILIPPE NYCOLLIN, Me GUILLIAUME MECLARD, les vesves de Mes ORSET et GARIN, et... PIERRE DETHOYRE,... à monseigneur » le duc de Nemours ; 64 « Teneur d'arrest... du souverain senat de Savoye entre... Philippe Nycollin,... Pierre Dethoire, Me Guilliaume Meclard et consortz, demandeurs... d'une part, et les seigneurs... Descharmettes et le procureur fiscal de Genevois, deffendeurs, d'aultre, etc... A Chambery... le neufviesme jour du mois de mars mil six cens vingt septz ». Copie ; 65 Contrat en vertu duquel Henri de Savoye, duc de Nemours, afin de faciliter l'acquit de la dette contractée envers Louis Grippaz, joaillier, renonce en faveur des ayant cause, prêteurs et cautions de François Paquellet, seigneur de Moyron, à poursuivre ce que celui-ci lui pouvait devoir en qualité de receveur général de ses finances, 27 août 1614. Copie ; 66 Entérinement du précédent contrat à la chambre des comptes de Genevois, 30 août 1614. Copie

The use of diatom assemblages to determine paleotrophic changes in lakes

The purpose of this study was to develop a classifi cation scheme for l ake trophic status based on the relative abundance of l ake sediment diatom trophic indicator species. A total of 600 diatom frustules were counted from the surface sediments of e a ch of 30 lakes selected to repr e seni~ a continuum from u.lt ra-oligotrophic t,o fairly eutrophic but not hype r-' eutrophic conditions. Published autecological information was used to determine the trophic indicator status of each of the s pecies. A quotieht was derived by dividing the s um of all the e utrophic indicator species by the sum of all oligotrophic indicai.-:.or species. Oligo'- mesotrophic. mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic species were added to both the numerator and denomina tor. Five categories of diatom i.nferred trophic status were recognized : ultra-oligotrophic - 0'-0.2:3, oligotrophic::: 0.24-0 . 70, mesotrophic :: 0.'71 -0.99, meso-elxtrophic :: 1. 00-1. '78 and eutrophic:: 1.. 79-2. 43. But only three of these (oligotrophic:: 0-0.69, mesotrophic ::: 0 . 70'-1.69 j and eutrophic:: 1.70-2.50) proved usef ul. The present study of the relationship between diatom inferred trophic status and the literature-derived trophic status of SO lake s (which were purposely chosen to represent a broad spectrum of lakes in Canada) indicated that: 1) Based on diatom species (assemblages ) it is possible to segregate the lakes from which. th",)se diatoms were taken into three basic categories : o ligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic lake types. ~~) It was not possible t,o separate meso-eutrophic and o l igo-mesotrophic lakes f rom mesotrophic l akes as the the degree of overlap betwee n the diat,om species in these lake types was extremely high. 3) Ha d mo r e ul tra-oligotroph,ic lakes been sampled it might have been possible to more a ccurately s eparate them f rom oligotrophic Jakes. 4 ) Had. more humic lakes been sampled in this s tudy I f eel it would have been possible to identify a unique diatom a ssemblage which would h a ve chara cterized t his lake type . Re gression analyses were performed using the aforementioned diatom inferred trophic index as a f unction of 1) log Sec chi transparency (r = - 0.70) 2) total phosphorus (r = 0. 77 ) and 3) chlorophyll-a (r = 0.74). Once e ach of these rel ationships had been established , it was possible to infer paleotrophic (downcore) changes in an oligotrophic lake (Barbara Lake) and in a eutrophic lake (Chemung Lake) . Barbara Llake was dominated by oligotrophic s pecies and remained oligotrophic throughout the 200-·year history r epresented by i t s 32 em long sediment core. Chemung Lake is currently dominated. by eutrophic species but went through a mesotrophic st,age which was associated with a rise in the water level of the lake followi n g dam construction in its watershed in the early 1.900 J ::;. This was followed by its reversion to it,s present day eutrophic stage (dominated by eutrophic species) possibly as a r esult of shallowing process which can be attributed to " silting' up" of the reservoir and the invasion of the l ake by Myriophyllum spjcatum (Eurasian milfoil) i n the 1970's . In addition, nutrient .:r':l.ch run"'offwhich resulted from increased human a.ctivities associated with cottage development along its shores has contribut ed to its eutrophication. There is some evidence that the rat,e o :f its prog ressive eutrophication has declined during the last decade. This was correlated with legislation enacted in the 60's and 70's in Ontario which was aimed at reducing nutrient loading from cottages.