Carne de avestruz: rendimento de carcaça e aspectos físicos e químicos

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento de carcaça e os aspectos físicos e químicos da carne de avestruzes abatidos comercialmente no Brasil. E para isso acompanhou-se o processo de abate e desossa de um abatedouro comercial de avestruzes. Utilizou-se 12 machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade entre 13 e 15 meses, da subespécie African Black. No momento da desossa foram avaliados: o pH, a temperatura e a coloração dos músculos. A composição química e mineral foi determinada segundo metodologias propostas pela AOAC. O pH apresenta diferença significativa em relação aos diferentes músculos. Ao avaliar a coloração dos músculos em relação ao sexo, observou-se que a luminosidade foi maior para os machos, contribuindo significativamente para que a carne fosse mais brilhante que a das fêmeas. Houve diferença significativa em relação ao sexo sobre os teores de proteína bruta e lipídios. O teor de minerais não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao sexo. Porém, observa-se diferença significativa entre os diferentes músculos avaliados. Conclui-se então que, a rentabilidade das carcaças de avestruzes tem sido comparável à média mundial, demonstrando o empenho entre os criadores em produzir carne de avestruz de maneira competitiva, além da mesma apresentar características organolépticas e nutricionais que agradam ao consumidor.

Níveis de lisina para leitões na fase inicial-1 do crescimento pós-desmame: composição corporal aos 11,9 e 19,0 kg

Quarenta e oito leitões híbridos comerciais, machos castrados e fêmeas, com 5,5 ± 0,21 kg foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, para determinar a melhor concentração de lisina até os 11,9 ± 0,35 kg (fase inicial-1) e os efeitos subseqüentes até os 19,0 kg (fase inicial-2). A composição química das frações corporais e a deposição de tecido muscular na carcaça e no corpo vazio foram determinadas. As concentrações de lisina total utilizadas na primeira fase pós-desmame foram 1,16 a 1,46%. Não foi observado efeito na composição química do sangue e das vísceras, caracterizando a independência das concentrações de lisina. As respostas para acúmulo protéico e água da carcaça e do corpo vazio foram ascendentes com o aumento de lisina, caracterizando a maior eficiência na utilização e direcionamento do nutriente para a síntese protéica da musculatura esquelética. Na segunda fase, não foram observados efeitos, mas os animais que, anteriormente, receberam menores níveis de lisina tenderam acumular mais proteína e água na carcaça e no corpo vazio. Possivelmente, encontrando-se em déficit de lisina, fisiologicamente tolerável, a nova dieta supriu parte da demanda anterior, porém pode não ter atendido à demanda para síntese protéica dos animais que se encontravam em maior ascensão de síntese e acúmulo protéico na fase inicial-1. As respostas favoráveis ao aumento da concentração de lisina na dieta de leitões entre 5,5 e 11,9 kg de peso vivo recomendam novos estudos utilizando níveis de lisina superiores aos empregados, combinados com maiores níveis de energia metabolizável, a fim de estabelecer a eficiência máxima de deposição protéica. Estudos nas fases subseqüentes devem complementar informações de melhor aporte nutricional para o suíno.

Real-time ultrasound to predict rabbit carcass composition and volume of longissimus dorsi muscle

Real-time ultrasonography (RTU) was used to measure the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) volume in vivo and to predict the carcass composition of rabbits. For this, 63 New Zealand White × Californian rabbits with 2093±63 g live weight were used. Animals were scanned between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebrae using an RTU equipment with a 7.5 MHz probe. Measurements of LM volume were obtianed both in vivo and on carcass. Regression equations were used for the prediction of carcass composition and LM volume using the LM volume measured obtained with RTU (LMVU) as independent variable. Carcass meat, bone and total dissectible fat weights represented 780, 164 and 56 g/kg of the reference carcass weight, respectively. Regression equations showed a strong relationship between LMVU and the correspondent volume in carcass. Furthermore, LMVU was also useful in predicting the amounts of carcass tissues. It is possible to predict LM volume in the carcass using the LM volume measured in vivo by RTU. The amount of carcass tissues can be predicted by the LM volume measured in vivo by RTU.

Lipid peroxidation and generation of hydrogen peroxide in frozen-thawed ram semen supplemented with catalase or Trolox

Semen manipulation and cryopreservation-thaw procedures may accelerate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sperm exposure to large amounts of ROS has been shown to cause membrane lipid peroxidation and cellular injury to the sperm. The objective of this study was to overcome the ROS production in frozen-thawed ram semen by the addition of the antioxidants catalase or Trolox to semen following thawing. Frozen-thawed ram semen (100 x 10(6) sperm/straw) was supplemented with PBS (control group), 100 mu g/ml catalase, or 100 mu M Trolox/10(8) sperm (catalase and Trolox being dissolved in PBS) and incubated (37 degrees C) for 5 min. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the catalase and Trolox antioxidants failed to protect the sperm from the spontaneous production of ROS. However, when lipid peroxidation was induced by iron (FeSO(4)), the addition of Trolox promoted a reduction (P < 0.05) in the formation of TBARS in the semen, compared to the control and catalase semen samples. The generation of TBARS and H(2)O(2) occurred in the extender alone, without the presence of sperm cells. In conclusion, the addition of Trolox to frozen-thawed ram semen could be beneficial as it decreases the production of TBARS when oxidative stress is induced. It is possible that a longer incubation period could lead to different results. The concentration of catalase also needs to be further evaluated. The extender could contribute to the oxidative stress of sperm, as it is a source of ROS during the cryopreservation of semen. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lipid peroxidation and generation of hydrogen peroxide in frozen-thawed ram semen cryopreserved in extenders with antioxidants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lipid content and apoptosis of in vitro-produced bovine embryos as determinants of susceptibility to vitrification

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de frangos alimentados com ração contendo óleo de linhaça

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de óleo de linhaça, em substituição ao óleo de soja, sobre a produtividade e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizadas 320 aves, em um arranjo fatorial 4x2 - quatro combinações dos períodos de fornecimento de óleo de soja e óleo de linhaça e dois sexos - e quatro repetições. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por pesagens da ração e das aves com 1, 21, 42 dias e no momento do abate, aos 49 dias de idade. Após o abate, foi avaliado o rendimento de carcaça e sua composição: cortes, vísceras e gordura abdominal. Foram determinados os teores de lipídeos totais, umidade e colesterol da carne. A dieta contendo óleo de linhaça melhorou a qualidade nutricional da fração lipídica da carne de frango, mas prejudicou o desempenho produtivo das aves.

Lipid profile of people with Diabetes mellitus type 2 and periodontal disease

The objective of this study was to evaluate improvement of lipids and periodontal disease in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus, by means of the relationship between blood levels of total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides and clinical periodontal parameters. Twenty patients, in age-range 18-70 years, were selected and divided into 2 groups: (1) conventional periodontal scaling and root planing + controlled mechanic; (2) conventional periodontal scaling and root planing + controlled mechanical + maintenance therapy. The analyses were performed on day 0, 180 and 720 days, including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level, and evaluation of total cholesterol and its fractions, and triglycerides. The 2 groups presented significant reduction in clinical periodontal parameters, however, probing depth did not diminish significantly only in Group 1. There was significant improvement in all blood parameters in both groups. It was concluded that after 720 days of the experiment, there were significant improvements in clinical and blood parameters, in general. The group that received maintenance therapy also showed a more expressive improvement in clinical periodontal parameters, in general, suggesting that this therapy is important and necessary in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lipid Peroxidation Is Associated with the Severity of Periodontal Disease and Local Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Quercetin ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism and improves antioxidant status in postnatally monosodium glutamate-induced metabolic alterations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bovine carcass sexing by PCR method

Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que permitisse a sexagem de carne bovina pronta para comercialização. Para tanto, utilizou-se primers seqüência macho-específica e posterior análise do produto amplificado. O método proposto mostrou-se eficiente para verificar o sexo, bem como sua utilização prática, a fim de evitar fraudes na comercialização de carne bovina.

Interaction of hypercaloric diet and physical exercise on lipid profile, oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses

The present study examined the interaction of hypercaloric diet (HD) and physical exercise on lipid profile and oxidative stress in serum and liver of rats. Male Wistar rats (60-days-old) were fed with a control (C) and hypercaloric diet (H). Each of the two dietary groups (C and H) was divided into three subgroups (n = 8), sedentary (CS and HS), exercised 2 days a week (CE2 and HE2) and exercised 5 days a week (CE5 and HE5). The swimming was selected as a model for exercise performance. After 8-weeks exercised rats showed decreased lactate dehydrogenase serum activities, demonstrating the effectiveness of the swimming as an aerobic-training protocol. Exercise 5-days a week reduced the body weight gain. Triacylglycerol (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) were increased in HD-fed rats. HE5 and CE5 rats had decreased TG, VLDL-C and cholesterol. HE2 rats had enhanced high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in serum. No alterations were observed in lipid hydroperoxide (LH), while total antioxidant substances (TAS) were increased in serum of exercised rats. HD-fed rats had hepatic TG accumulation. Superoxide dismutase activities were increased and catalase was decreased in liver of exercised rats. The interaction of HD and physical exercise reduced TAS and enhanced LH levels in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, this study confirmed the beneficial effect of physical exercise as a dyslipidemic-lowering component. Interaction of HD and physical exercise had discrepant effects on serum and liver oxidative stress. The interaction of HID and physical exercise reduced the oxidative stress in serum. HD and physical exercise interaction had pro-oxidant effect on hepatic tissue, suggesting that more studies should be done before using physical exercise as an adjunct therapy to reduce the adverse effects of HD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Toxicity of copper intake: lipid profile, oxidative stress and susceptibility to renal dysfunction

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) intake on lipid profile, oxidative stress and tissue damage in normal and in diabetic condition. Since diabetes mellitus is a situation of high-risk susceptibility to toxic compounds, we examined potential early markers of Cu excess in diabetic animals. Male Wistar rats, at 60-days-old were divided into six groups of eight rats each. The control(C) received saline from gastric tube, the no-diabetic(Cu-10), treated with 10 mg/kg of Cu(Cu(++)-CuSO(4), gastric tube), no-diabetic with Cu-60mg/kg(Cu-60), diabetic(D), diabetic low-Cu(DCu-10) and diabetic high-Cu(DCu-60). Diabetes was induced by an ip injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). After 30 days of treatments, no changes we're observed in serum lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase; indicating no adverse effects on cardiac and hepatic tissues. D-rats had glucose intolerance and dyslipidemic profile. Cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were higher in Cu-60 and DCu-60 than in C, Cu-10 and D and DCu-10 groups respectively. Cu-60 rats had higher lipid hydroperoxide (HP) and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) serum activities than C and Cu-10 rats. LH was increased and GSH-Px was decreased, while no alterations were observed in SOD and catalase in serum of DCu-60 animals. DCu-60 rats had increased urinary glucose, creatinine and albumin. In conclusion, Cu intake at high concentration induced adverse effects on lipid profile, associated with oxidative stress and diminished activities of antioxidant enzymes. Diabetic animals were more susceptible to copper toxicity. High Cu intake induced dyslipidemic profile, oxidative stress and kidney dysfunction in diabetic condition. Copper renal toxicity was associated with oxidative stress and reduction at least, one of the antioxidant enzymes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress in STZ-induced rats treated with antioxidant vitamin

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)