Design and performance of a novel low-density parity-check code for distributed video coding

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are nowadays one of the hottest topics in coding theory, notably due to their advantages in terms of bit error rate performance and low complexity. In order to exploit the potential of the Wyner-Ziv coding paradigm, practical distributed video coding (DVC) schemes should use powerful error correcting codes with near-capacity performance. In this paper, new ways to design LDPC codes for the DVC paradigm are proposed and studied. The new LDPC solutions rely on merging parity-check nodes, which corresponds to reduce the number of rows in the parity-check matrix. This allows to change gracefully the compression ratio of the source (DCT coefficient bitplane) according to the correlation between the original and the side information. The proposed LDPC codes reach a good performance for a wide range of source correlations and achieve a better RD performance when compared to the popular turbo codes.

The use of non-standard CT conversion ramps for Monte Carlo verification of 6 MV prostate IMRT plans

Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation algorithms have been widely used to verify the accuracy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dose distributions computed by conventional algorithms due to the ability to precisely account for the effects of tissue inhomogeneities and multileaf collimator characteristics. Both algorithms present, however, a particular difference in terms of dose calculation and report. Whereas dose from conventional methods is traditionally computed and reported as the water-equivalent dose (Dw), MC dose algorithms calculate and report dose to medium (Dm). In order to compare consistently both methods, the conversion of MC Dm into Dw is therefore necessary. This study aims to assess the effect of applying the conversion of MC-based Dm distributions to Dw for prostate IMRT plans generated for 6 MV photon beams. MC phantoms were created from the patient CT images using three different ramps to convert CT numbers into material and mass density: a conventional four material ramp (CTCREATE) and two simplified CT conversion ramps: (1) air and water with variable densities and (2) air and water with unit density. MC simulations were performed using the BEAMnrc code for the treatment head simulation and the DOSXYZnrc code for the patient dose calculation. The conversion of Dm to Dw by scaling with the stopping power ratios of water to medium was also performed in a post-MC calculation process. The comparison of MC dose distributions calculated in conventional and simplified (water with variable densities) phantoms showed that the effect of material composition on dose-volume histograms (DVH) was less than 1% for soft tissue and about 2.5% near and inside bone structures. The effect of material density on DVH was less than 1% for all tissues through the comparison of MC distributions performed in the two simplified phantoms considering water. Additionally, MC dose distributions were compared with the predictions from an Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS), which employed a pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithm with Modified Batho Power Law heterogeneity correction. Eclipse PBC and MC calculations (conventional and simplified phantoms) agreed well (<1%) for soft tissues. For femoral heads, differences up to 3% were observed between the DVH for Eclipse PBC and MC calculated in conventional phantoms. The use of the CT conversion ramp of water with variable densities for MC simulations showed no dose discrepancies (0.5%) with the PBC algorithm. Moreover, converting Dm to Dw using mass stopping power ratios resulted in a significant shift (up to 6%) in the DVH for the femoral heads compared to the Eclipse PBC one. Our results show that, for prostate IMRT plans delivered with 6 MV photon beams, no conversion of MC dose from medium to water using stopping power ratio is needed. In contrast, MC dose calculations using water with variable density may be a simple way to solve the problem found using the dose conversion method based on the stopping power ratio.

Avaliação das práticas de gestão de recursos humanos e da liderança na performance organizacional : um estudo de caso

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Económicas e Empresariais, 17 de Junho de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Avaliação do desempenho energético e da qualidade do ar de uma piscina coberta

Este trabalho teve como propósito fazer uma avaliação do desempenho energético e da qualidade do ar no interior das instalações de uma Piscina Municipal Coberta, localizada na zona norte de Portugal, sendo estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos: caracterização geral da piscina, no que respeita aos seus diferentes espaços e equipamentos, cálculo dos consumos térmicos e elétricos bem como o registo das concentrações de elementos poluentes para controlo da qualidade do ar no interior da piscina, tendo como base a legislação atualmente em vigor. A caracterização geral da piscina permitiu verificar algumas inconformidades como a temperatura da água nos tanques de natação que tem valores superiores aos recomendados e a sala de primeiros socorros que não possui acesso direto ao exterior. Acrescente-se que o pavimento nos chuveiros da casa de banho feminina e os valores de pH para água do tanque grande e pequeno não estão sempre dentro da gama de recomendação. O caudal da renovação de ar está a ser operado manualmente e quando está a funcionar a 50% da sua capacidade máxima, que acontece numa parte do dia, apenas consegue renovar 77,5% do caudal recomendado pelo RSECE. Para se obter o valor recomendado é necessário ter pelo menos 7 horas com o caudal a 100% da capacidade máxima. A avaria na UTA2 originou que 40% dos registos diários da humidade relativa interior estivessem fora da gama de valores recomendados e que esta é fortemente dependente da humidade no exterior e pode ser agravada quando as portas dos envidraçados da nave são abertas. Analisando ainda a quantidade de água removida na desumidificação do ar com a água evaporada em condições de Outono-Inverno ou Primavera-Verão, este estudo permitiu concluir que todas as combinações demonstraram a necessidade de desumidificação salvo a combinação Outono-Inverno e UTA2 a funcionar a 100% da sua capacidade máxima. Os isolamentos das tubagens na sala das caldeiras foram observados e comparados com as soluções recomendadas pelas empresas especialistas e verificou-se que alguns estão mal colocados com parcial ou total degradação, promovendo perdas térmicas. No caso das perdas calorificas por evaporação, estas representaram cerca de 67,78% das perdas totais. Como tal, estudou-se a aplicação de uma cobertura sobre o plano de água durante o período de inatividade da piscina (8 horas) e verificou-se que o resultado seria uma poupança de 654,8 kWh/dia, na ausência de evaporação da água, mais 88,00 kWh/dia do período da UTA2 a funcionar a 50% da sua capacidade, perfazendo um total de 742,8 kWh/dia. A aplicação da cobertura permite obter um VAL de valor positivo, uma TIR de 22,77% e sendo este valor superior ao WACC (Weight Average Cost of Capital), o projeto torna-se viável com um Pay-Back de 3,17 anos. Caracterizou-se também o consumo total diário em eletricidade, e verificou-se que as unidades de climatização, as bombas de circulação de água, a iluminação, e outros equipamentos representam, respetivamente, cerca de 67,81, 25,26, 2,68 e 3,91% da energia elétrica total consumida. Por fim, a análise à qualidade do ar no interior da nave em Maio e Setembro identificou que as concentrações de ozono apresentavam valores no limite do aceitável em Maio e superiores ao valor de emissão em Setembro. Os compostos orgânicos voláteis também apresentavam valores em Maio 4,98 vezes superior e em Setembro 6,87 vezes superior aos valores máximos exigidos pelo D.L. nº 79/2006. Houve ainda altas concentrações de radão registadas na casa dos filtros, em Maio com um valor 11,49 vezes superior, no entanto esse valor desceu em Setembro para 1,08 vezes, mesmo assim superior ao exigido pelo D.L. nº 79/2006.

El concepto de willingness-to-pay en tela de juicio

La idoneidad del concepto de willingness to pay (disponibilidad a pagar) es revisado en las evaluaciones económicas que se realizan en el campo de la salud. Por un lado, existe dentro de la literatura económica un número importante de investigadores que señalan los múltiples problemas metodológicos que entrañan las estimaciones de willingness to pay. Por otro lado, aún el debate teórico-conceptual acerca de la agregación de las preferencias individuales dentro de una demanda agregada no ésta del todo resuelto. Sin embargo, durante los últimos 20 años la estimación de la disponibilidad a pagar dentro de las investigaciones económicas ha aumentado de forma significativa, siendo en muchos casos uno de los principales factores de la toma de decisión en políticas de salud. Plantease alguna de las limitaciones de esta técnica, así como el posible efecto distorsionador que podría tener sobre las evaluaciones económicas que se realizan en el área de la economía de la salud.

As métricas de avaliação da performance e a sua contribuição na tomada de decisão, na concessão de crédito e avaliação de risco, numa instituição bancária

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

A gestão baseada no valor: Métricas tradicionais e medidas de performance ajustada ao risco. Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) - Aplicação prática à actividade bancária

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Inovação tecnológica e performance empresarial

Mestrado em Controlo e Gestão de Negócios

Performance of a Brazilian population on the test of functional health literacy in adults

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scoring obtained by an instrument, which evaluates the ability to read and understand items in the health care setting, according to education and age. METHODS: The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was administered to 312 healthy participants of different ages and years of schooling. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2007, in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The test includes actual materials such as pill bottles and appointment slips and measures reading comprehension, assessing the ability to read and correctly pronounce a list of words and understand both prose passages and numerical information. Pearson partial correlations and a multiple regression model were used to verify the association between its scores and education and age. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 47.3 years(sd=16.8) and the mean education was 9.7 years(sd=5; range: 1 - 17). A total of 32.4% of the sample showed literacy/numeracy deficits, scoring in the inadequate and marginal functional health literacy ranges. Among the elderly (65 years or older) this rate increased to 51.6%. There was a positive correlation between schooling and scores (r=0.74; p<0.01) and a negative correlation between age and the scores (r=-0.259; p<0.01). The correlation between the scores and age was not significant when the effects of education were held constant (rp=-0.031, p=0.584). A significant association (B=3.877, Beta =0.733; p<0.001) was found between schooling and scores. Age was not a significant predictor in this model (B=-0.035, Beta=-0.22; p=0.584). CONCLUSIONS: The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was a suitable tool to assess health literacy in the study population. The high number of individuals classified as functional illiterates in this test highlights the importance of special assistance to help them properly understand directions for healthcare.

Avaliação da performance empresarial: o economic value added (EVA®) e a sua relação com o valor da empresa

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Avaliação de desempenho: a mudança na administração pública em Portugal

Mestrado em Controlo de Gestão e dos Negócios

High Performance Multi-Standard Architecture for DCT Computation in H.264/AVC High Profile and HEVC Codecs

A new high performance architecture for the computation of all the DCT operations adopted in the H.264/AVC and HEVC standards is proposed in this paper. Contrasting to other dedicated transform cores, the presented multi-standard transform architecture is supported on a completely configurable, scalable and unified structure, that is able to compute not only the forward and the inverse 8×8 and 4×4 integer DCTs and the 4×4 and 2×2 Hadamard transforms defined in the H.264/AVC standard, but also the 4×4, 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 integer transforms adopted in HEVC. Experimental results obtained using a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA demonstrated the superior performance and hardware efficiency levels provided by the proposed structure, which outperforms its more prominent related designs by at least 1.8 times. When integrated in a multi-core embedded system, this architecture allows the computation, in real-time, of all the transforms mentioned above for resolutions as high as the 8k Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV) (7680×4320 @ 30fps).

A Técnica de Dança Clássica na Performance Contemporânea : desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e artísticas, nos alunos dos últimos anos da Academia de Dança Contemporânea de Setúbal, visando a sua entrada no meio artístico profissional

Relatório Final de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Dança com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Dança.

Reading performance in children with visual function anomalies

Aims - To compare reading performance in children with and without visual function anomalies and identify the influence of abnormal visual function and other variables in reading ability. Methods - A cross-sectional study was carried in 110 children of school age (6-11 years) with Abnormal Visual Function (AVF) and 562 children with Normal Visual Function (NVF). An orthoptic assessment (visual acuity, ocular alignment, near point of convergence and accommodation, stereopsis and vergences) and autorefraction was carried out. Oral reading was analyzed (list of 34 words). Number of errors, accuracy (percentage of success) and reading speed (words per minute - wpm) were used as reading indicators. Sociodemographic information from parents (n=670) and teachers (n=34) was obtained. Results - Children with AVF had a higher number of errors (AVF=3.00 errors; NVF=1.00 errors; p<0.001), a lower accuracy (AVF=91.18%; NVF=97.06%; p<0.001) and reading speed (AVF=24.71 wpm; NVF=27.39 wpm; p=0.007). Reading speed in the 3rd school grade was not statistically different between the two groups (AVF=31.41 wpm; NVF=32.54 wpm; p=0.113). Children with uncorrected hyperopia (p=0.003) and astigmatism (p=0.019) had worst reading performance. Children in 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grades presented a lower risk of having reading impairment when compared with the 1st grade. Conclusion - Children with AVF had reading impairment in the first school grade. It seems that reading abilities have a wide variation and this disparity lessens in older children. The slow reading characteristics of the children with AVF are similar to dyslexic children, which suggest the need for an eye evaluation before classifying the children as dyslexic.