Fundamentos dos cuidados com crianças e adolescentes: um olhar sobre o Rio Grande do Norte entre 1964 e 1988

Childhood and adolescence care has frequently caused theoretical and methodological discussions. At national level, the way of dealing with this public has always been on the agenda, either by maintaining a paternalistic treatment, or by coercive and repressive expression with which this public is treated. Given the above, this research presents a thorough study of social policies focused on children and adolescents in Brazil, with the overall purpose of investigating how this process of implementation of public policies for poor children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was. In previous studies, it was identified that there are no official records regarding the policy implementation process for this population in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. A retrospective study about the care towards children and adolescents in Brazil was held. It ranged from the XXVIII century, through the period of assistance, until the historical period in which the child started to be considered from the perspective of a policy. Thus, a certain period was framed, so that, through the historical research method, this study could focus on gathering data about the attention focused on childhood and adolescence in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 1964 and 1988. Data was listed from newspaper files that circulated in the state during period mentioned above. This time framing corresponds to the regency of the National Policy of Child Welfare. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the implementation of institutions such as FUNBERN and then FEBEM did not differ from the national standard, since many projects and care programs for poor children and teenagers were executed in this period. The implementation of these institutions revealed the concern of the state in solving the problem of “minors” regarding to situations of abandonment or "delinquency" which they were involved with. However, the kind of protection provided by the state toward this population was based on the current ideology that supported the political system at the time: the military dictatorship. Thus, the main way to provide care to this population was through its institutionalization, through taking children to daycare centres and adolescents to “reeducational” institutes for “minors”.

Crianças e investigação: aspectos teórico-metodológicos e cuidados éticos nas produções dos grupos de pesquisa da UFRN

The concepts of childhood are part of a cultural construction and vary throughout history politically, economically and socially. Nouns such as "childhood" and "child" did not exist as sense of unity in periods prior to modernity, reinforcing their historical character as concepts that have been socially constructed as profess the Historical Social Psychology, theoretical perspective which will support this research. The sociology of childhood distinguishes the terms and changes the approach toward the adult researcher approach with respect to children, aiming to give voice to the child. When it comes to defining the role of children in research, the researcher must take into consideration several relevant criteria such as age, gender, time, listening to the adults close to the children, the level of language and education and which children that will be heard in a group. It is from this discussion, considering the importance of children's participation in the research that are established the purpose of this work, namely, to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects and ethical guidelines considered in the research process with children, by researchers at the UFRN, presenting as specific objectives: analyze and discuss, from research reports, the adopted ethical procedures and methods used in research with children. Set the goal, it was made a search of the UFRN Research Groups in SIGAA in order to select those which investigate children for participating in our survey. Among the centers of UFRN, we selected the Health Sciences Centre - CCSA, the Humanities Center, Letters and Arts - CCHLA, the Biosciences Center - CB and the Health Sciences Center - CCS, a total of 64 finalized reports to be analyzed. And here it is the observation that the foolish reports were not analyzed for ethical reasons as the guiding of this dissertation is the coordinator of the research group mentioned. In this study, we chose the documentary analysis of the finalized reports from UFRN research projects teachers / researchers as procedure to set up the corpus of the research. Data analysis was performed from the qualitative analysis in the following categories were established: the concept of childhood, concept of child, age of the subjects, the research context, theoretical and methodological care adopted and ethical care. It is hoped that this study will contribute with reflections on the ethical and theoretical and methodological care on research with children. The research showed how some of the results: significant number of reports excluded by repetition, most reports did not bring any closing remarks, no different procedures for children, with rare exceptions, the ethical issue was not mentioned in 50% of reports.

Assistência em cuidados paliativos a pessoa idosa na atenção primária a saúde

This study aims to understand the significance of palliative care for the elder health care professionals working in primary health care. Descriptive study of qualitative approach. Conducted in three health units of the Family and a core of support for Health, the Felipe Camarão neighborhood, District of Natal Health West, RN. Of the 25 participants, 19 are professionals of the Family Health Strategy and six of the Center for Support to Health, the majority being women, with minimal professional work experience, a year in primary health care. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under CAAE no. 43895815.4.0000.5537. There were individual interviews between July and September 2015, with the use of questionnaire containing open and closed questions on the topic of study. Our results were recorded in MP4 and transcribed into written language, and analyzed using the open coding process medium in which the categories were interpreted and identified, followed by axial coding, where categories were developed and systematically related. Three categories emerged: enhancement of elder health professionals in palliative care, behavioral health professionals across care in palliative care in primary care and disjointed Meaning between palliative care and health professionals. The categories were interpreted and analyzed by the theoretical framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Regarding the valuation of subjective perception of professionals, it is clear the issue of the complexity of multiple relationships through various aspects of his central task: focus a philosophy of the world's reality, namely a phenomenology of natural attitude; Before the professional behavior were identified: the discovery and depth of assumptions through the structure, and meaning in a common sense, and at the meaning of the disconnection between the health professionals-including that reality imminent can be represented by individuality special interest of the experience. It follows that health professionals understand there is a difficulty facing the assistance in palliative care to the elderly in primary care, and this difficulty, characterized by the complexity of social interactions across the joint teamwork. Although, I believe that the articulation between the teams, work and family, is essential for the subsequent improvement of care in palliative care favoring the health context surrounding the Elder.

Assistência em cuidados paliativos a pessoa idosa na atenção primária a saúde

This study aims to understand the significance of palliative care for the elder health care professionals working in primary health care. Descriptive study of qualitative approach. Conducted in three health units of the Family and a core of support for Health, the Felipe Camarão neighborhood, District of Natal Health West, RN. Of the 25 participants, 19 are professionals of the Family Health Strategy and six of the Center for Support to Health, the majority being women, with minimal professional work experience, a year in primary health care. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under CAAE no. 43895815.4.0000.5537. There were individual interviews between July and September 2015, with the use of questionnaire containing open and closed questions on the topic of study. Our results were recorded in MP4 and transcribed into written language, and analyzed using the open coding process medium in which the categories were interpreted and identified, followed by axial coding, where categories were developed and systematically related. Three categories emerged: enhancement of elder health professionals in palliative care, behavioral health professionals across care in palliative care in primary care and disjointed Meaning between palliative care and health professionals. The categories were interpreted and analyzed by the theoretical framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Regarding the valuation of subjective perception of professionals, it is clear the issue of the complexity of multiple relationships through various aspects of his central task: focus a philosophy of the world's reality, namely a phenomenology of natural attitude; Before the professional behavior were identified: the discovery and depth of assumptions through the structure, and meaning in a common sense, and at the meaning of the disconnection between the health professionals-including that reality imminent can be represented by individuality special interest of the experience. It follows that health professionals understand there is a difficulty facing the assistance in palliative care to the elderly in primary care, and this difficulty, characterized by the complexity of social interactions across the joint teamwork. Although, I believe that the articulation between the teams, work and family, is essential for the subsequent improvement of care in palliative care favoring the health context surrounding the Elder.

Conocimientos y percepciones de los profesionales sobre los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en las unidades de neonatología

El ingreso del recién nacido prematuro en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) supone estar expuesto a una serie de estímulos dolorosos y estresantes para los que no está preparado y que pueden tener un impacto negativo en su neurodesarrollo. Algunos tipos de cuidados aplicados al recién nacido y a la familia parecen mejorar el pronóstico de estos niños. Entre ellos tenemos los Cuidados Centrados en el Desarrollo (CCD), que son un grupo de intervenciones diseñadas para modificar el ambiente de la UCIN, minimizando de esa forma el estrés experimentado por el recién nacido prematuro e incorporando a la familia en su cuidado. La implementación de cuidados individualizados, basados en la observación de la conducta del recién nacido, parece una forma aún más eficaz de mejorar el pronóstico. Con este propósito surge el programa estandarizado de cuidados individualizados denominado NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assesment Program). La implementación de este tipo de cuidados en las UCINs, especialmente del NIDCAP, requiere un esfuerzo importante de todos los profesionales implicados...

Qualidade dos cuidados em colonoscopia: ansiedade, dor, conforto e satisfação dos utentes

A colonoscopia é o exame preferencial na deteção de patologias do cólon e do reto. Contudo, no nosso país a adesão dos utentes é baixa e isso pode estar relacionado com diversos fatores onde se incluem a ansiedade, a dor e o conforto, importantes focos de atenção dos enfermeiros. Importa que os cuidados de saúde prestados neste âmbito sejam de qualidade, sendo fulcral a avaliação da mesma através da satisfação do utente. Pretendeu-se com este estudo determinar os níveis de ansiedade, dor, conforto e satisfação das pessoas submetidas a colonoscopia, descrever as relações entre as variáveis e compará-las face à utilização de sedação. Pretendeu-se ainda identificar os fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos que interferem nos níveis de ansiedade, dor e conforto. Desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, através da aplicação de questionários a 60 utentes submetidos a colonoscopia numa instituição de saúde na região de Leiria. Os resultados revelaram a presença de um nível moderado de ansiedade associado à colonoscopia, independentemente de esta ser realizada com sedação. A realização da colonoscopia sem sedação é desencadeadora da dor, que se revelou como um fator inversamente relacionado com a satisfação. Concluímos assim que a colonoscopia é um exame causador de ansiedade, dor e desconforto, onde os enfermeiros podem intervir de forma a aumentar a satisfação com os cuidados.

Duelo, ansiedad y depresión en familiares de pacientes en una unidad de cuidados paliativos a los dos meses de la pérdida

Aim: This study is going to assess the prevalance of prolonged grief diagnoses and it will evaluate the severity of the symptoms of depression, anxiety and complicated grief two months after a loved one is lost. We also intend to study which variables associated with the risk of grief could be more decisive when diagnosing it, its symptoms and the consequent emotional distress.Method: A total of 66 families of patients in the Palliative Care Unit (PCU) at Hospital San Cecilio in Granada have been evaluated. Measurements were taken two months after the death. This investigation has explored the existing emotional distress using the following questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) and Prolongued Grief Disorder (PG-12).Results: The results show that 33.3% and 21.21% of the sufferers had high levels of depression and clinical anxiety two months after the death. The prevalence of prolongued grief diagnoses, according to the PG-12, is 10.6% and 53.03% of the participants showed symptoms of complicated grief according to the ICG. Additionally, statistically significant differences are found in the sufferers with and without a prolongued grief diagnosis and scores in the ICG and BDI-II. The family’s financial situation is linked to the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression and complicated grief, with the most determining variable being the risk of grief. Finally, the greater the age of the deceased and the longer the time spent in the PCU is linked to fewer symptoms of grief. However, important links have been found between the sufferers who have experienced stressful critical events prior to losing their loved one, with symptoms of depression, anxiety and complicated grief.Conclusions: The high numbers of cases of symptoms of complicated grief and levels of anxiety and clinical depression two months after a death suggests that early interventions should be carried out in those individuals with greater vulnerability.

Importância dos cuidados de enfermagem para o bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos utentes geriátricos hospitalizados

O presente trabalho intitulado “Importância dos Cuidados de Enfermagem para o Bem-estar e Qualidade de Vida do Utente Geriátrico Hospitalizado”, demonstra a importância da atuação do enfermeiro para auxiliar e fornecer assistência ao idoso hospitalizado que pertence a um grupo bastante vulnerável, cujo número na população mundial e a nível da hospitalização tem vindo a aumentar. Pois, o que se constata é que nos últimos anos tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos países em desenvolvimento, inclusive Cabo Verde, tem ocorrido um envelhecimento da população resultante de um decréscimo na taxa fecundidade e de um decréscimo na taxa de mortalidade. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo: Identificar em que medida os cuidados de enfermagem contribuem para o bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos utentes geriátricos hospitalizados no serviço de Ortotraumatologia. Atualmente a hospitalização demonstra-se de suma importância para melhor garantir o tratamento médico e terapêutico e para garantir uma rápida e eficaz recuperação do utente, embora esta também acarrete algumas implicações negativas em diversos aspetos da vida do idoso. Sendo o enfermeiro o profissional de saúde que fica mais próximo do utente hospitalizado e sendo ele o responsável para fornecer assistência e apoio ao idoso durante este período, cabe a ele desenvolver meios, improvisar estratégias e mobilizar recursos que permitam uma rápida recuperação, satisfação e conforto do utente. Este estudo é de caráter qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem fenomenológica, sendo que o método para recolha de informações utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. A população alvo escolhida foram os 8 enfermeiros de turno do serviço de Ortotraumatologia e destes participaram apenas 6. Os resultados demonstraram claramente que a atuação do enfermeiro durante a hospitalização dos idosos contribui de forma significativa para garantir o bem-estar e qualidade de vida destes, mediante a assistência de enfermagem e os diversos cuidados prestados. Pois, a maioria dos entrevistados realçam que cuidam do idoso hospitalizado de uma forma holística, incidindo em praticamente todos os aspetos da vida deste, procurando garantir a sua satisfação.