Catalysts study of adipic acid synthesis from 1,6-hexanediol

Sustainable chemicals currently have a very limited market share due to current low production but biomass is expected to become one of the major renewable energy and fine chemicals sources in the coming years. Bearing in mind the compromise of all nations to climatic change remediation, the industries will need to use efficient catalysts and green processes to meet the requirements of emissions and efficiency. This project is expected to develop new catalysts to convert 1,6-hexanediol to adipic acid through a green approach based on the “nano-catalysis” and “green chemistry” concepts. Supported Au and Pd nanoparticles were used to study one-pot reaction of HDO oxidation to AA using O2 as a final oxidant and H2O as a solvent. Catalytic results showed that under low pressure O2 atmosphere and low temperature (< 120°C) AuNPs supported on basic-supports are more active than acid and amphoteric oxides. The effect of basic oxide (MgO) addition to MgF2 was studied. The study showed that doping of MgF2 with MgO increased significantly the activity of the catalyst. The best results were obtained with the Au/0.4MgF2-0.6MgO sample, which gave the selectivity to AA of 33% at HDO conversion of 62%.

Qualificação da Atenção à Saúde dos Escolares de 3 a 6 anos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil Djanira Bezerra dos Reis, no Município de Rio Branco – Acre

A Saúde na Escola destaca como uma estratégia de integração da saúde e educação para o desenvolvimento da cidadania e da qualificação das políticas públicas brasileiras. Assim, o presente trabalho relata a realização de uma intervenção para melhoria da atenção à saúde de escolares de 3 a 6 anos de idade, estudantes da Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil Djanira Bezerra dos Reis, de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Maria de Jesus de Andrade, no município de Rio Branco, Acre, no período de agosto a novembro de 2014. O Programa Saúde na Escola tem como objetivo contribuir para a formação integral dos estudantes por meio de ações de promoção, prevenção e atenção à saúde, com vistas ao enfrentamento das vulnerabilidades que comprometem o pleno desenvolvimento de crianças e jovens da rede pública de ensino. Foram realizadas ações dentro de quatro eixos: organização e gestão do serviço: organizado um banco de dados com as informações dos escolares, a definição de papéis a serem desempenhadas nas ações na escola, a aquisição e manutenção de material adequado para aferição da pressão arterial entre outros; qualificação da prática clínica: teve início com a capacitação da equipe do serviço de saúde para orientar a comunidade e as famílias sobre a importância da UBS realizar promoção da saúde nas escolas; engajamento público: esclarecer para a comunidade a importância do trabalho da UBS dentro das escolas da área de abrangência, identificando junto à comunidade as suas necessidades com relação às crianças que podem ser trabalhadas; e monitoramento e avaliação: periodicamente monitoramos o número de crianças da escola que tiveram avaliação da acuidade visual e avaliação da audição, os registros das vacinas através da verificação da situação vacinal assim como, o número de crianças que tiveram aferição das medidas antropométricas e avaliação do consumo alimentar, da mesma maneira com os registros das ações e as orientações sobre nutrição, prevenção de acidentes, prática de atividade física, reconhecimento e prevenção de bullying, em relação à violência entre crianças, sobre os cuidados com o ambiente para promoção da saúde e sobre higiene bucal para as crianças. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram uma planilha de coleta de dados, e a filha espelho fornecido pela UFPel. Ao final da intervenção conseguimos obter 93% de cobertura, equivalendo a 212 alunos cadastrados no PSE, bem como 81,1% de escolares com avaliação clínica e psicossocial e 93% da população alvo recebeu orientações nutricionais, dentre diversos outros resultados. Os alunos que apresentaram alterações foram encaminhados para a unidade de saúde, quando percebido alguma alteração. Portanto foi notável a melhora na saúde dos escolares, bem como a interação entre saúde e escola, o que futuramente será refletido na saúde da população acreana.

Retrograde delivery of photosensitizer (TPPp-O-beta-GluOH)(3) selectively potentiates its photodynamic activity

Photodynamic therapy involves administration of a photosensitizing drug and its subsequent activation by visible light of the appropriate wavelength. Several approaches to increasing the specificity of photosensitizers for cancerous tissues and, in particular, through their conjugation to ligands that are directed against tumor-associated antigens have been investigated. Here, we have studied the delivery of the photocytotoxic porphyrin compound TPP(p-O-beta-D-GluOH)(3) into tumor cells that overexpress the glycosphingolipid Gb3, using the Gb3-binding nontoxic B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB) as a vector. To allow for site-directed chemical coupling, an STxB variant carrying a free sulfhydryl moiety at its C-terminal end has been used. Binding affinity, cellular uptake, singlet oxygen quantum yield, and phototoxicity of the conjugate have been examined. Despite some effect of coupling on both the photophysical properties of TPP(p-O-beta-D-GluOH)(3) and the affinity of STxB for its receptor, the conjugate exhibited a higher photocytotoxic activity than the photosensitizer alone and was exquisitely selective for Gb3-expressing tumor cells. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that STxB-mediated retrograde delivery of the photosensitizer to the biosynthetic/secretory pathway is critical for optimal cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, a strong rationale for using retrograde delivery tools such as STxB in combination with photosensitizing agents for the photodynamic therapy of tumors is presented.

Assessment of subjective and hemodynamic tolerance of different high- and low-flux dialysis membranes in patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical experience and experimental data suggest that intradialytic hemodynamic profiles could be influenced by the characteristics of the dialysis membranes. Even within the worldwide used polysulfone family, intolerance to specific membranes was occasionally evoked. The aim of this study was to compare hemodynamically some of the commonly used polysulfone dialyzers in Switzerland. We performed an open-label, randomized, cross-over trial, including 25 hemodialysis patients. Four polysulfone dialyzers, A (Revaclear high-flux, Gambro, Stockholm, Sweden), B (Helixone high-flux, Fresenius), C (Xevonta high-flux, BBraun, Melsungen, Germany), and D (Helixone low-flux, Fresenius, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany), were compared. The hemodynamic profile was assessed and patients were asked to provide tolerance feedback. The mean score (±SD) subjectively assigned to dialysis quality on a 1-10 scale was A 8.4 ± 1.3, B 8.6 ± 1.3, C 8.5 ± 1.6, D 8.5 ± 1.5. Kt/V was A 1.58 ± 0.30, B 1.67 ± 0.33, C 1.62 ± 0.32, D 1.45 ± 0.31. The low- compared with the high-flux membranes, correlated to higher systolic (128.1 ± 13.1 vs. 125.6 ± 12.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (76.8 ± 8.7 vs. 75.3 ± 9.0 mmHg; P < 0.05) pressures, higher peripheral resistance (1.44 ± 0.19 vs. 1.40 ± 0.18 s × mmHg/mL; P < 0.05) and lower cardiac output (3.76 ± 0.62 vs. 3.82 ± 0.59 L/min; P < 0.05). Hypotension events (decrease in systolic blood pressure by >20 mmHg) were 70 with A, 87 with B, 73 with C, and 75 with D (P < 0.01 B vs. A, 0.05 B vs. C and 0.07 B vs. D). The low-flux membrane correlated to higher blood pressure levels compared with the high-flux ones. The Helixone high-flux membrane ensured the best efficiency. Unfortunately, the very same dialyzer correlated to a higher incidence of hypotensive episodes.

Anàlisi de l'experiència dels infants, entre 3 i 6 anys, de l'escola Verntallat, amb les TIC

Vivim immersos en l’era digital i els infants, des del moment que neixen i formen part d’aquest món, entren en contacte amb les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació. Aquesta recerca pretén descriure i analitzar l’experiència que tenen, els infants entre tres i sis anys, d’una escola que aglutina poblacions de diferents nuclis, amb les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació, tant en l’àmbit familiar com en l’escolar. Els resultats, fruït d’un estudi de cas, ajuden a entendre quins usos informals i formals fan els infants amb les TIC, quina actitud mostren vers aquestes i altres aspectes relacionats. L’estudi serveix de punt de partida per als mestres que es dediquen a l’Educació Infantil i desitgen incorporar les TIC a les escoles.

Desarrollo del Lenguaje Funcional de 3 a 6 años.

El Proyecto trata de llevar a cabo el aprendizaje del lenguaje en todos sus aspectos, desde un punto de vista funcional. Aplicado a la Educacion Infantil y primer curso de Educación Primaria, a unos 175 alumnos en total, pertenecientes a cuatro centros de EGB de la zona sur de Gran Canaria. Las actividades que se proponen intentan realizar un entrenamiento perceptivo, atencional e intelectual que desarrolle el lenguaje en su totalidad. Los objetivos logrados por parte de los alumnos se resumen en: - Se han hecho conscientes de la relación que existe entre habla y escritura. - Han aprendido a diferenciar el dibujo de la escritura asi como de la escritura convencional y no convencional. - Han adquirido un buen dominio del lenguaje oral. - Han trabajado la codificación fonológica de las palabras. - Han logrado un desarrollo auditivo centrado en la discriminación fonetica. - Un logro muy importante desde el punto de vista del grupo ha sido conseguir una coordinación alrededor del lenguaje en el Centro entre el profesorado de Educación Infantil y el de Primaria.

Tercer Congreso Internacional para el Latín Vivo : se celebró del 3 al 6 de septiembre en Estrasburgo, con asistencia de Profesores de veinticuatro países.

Introducción en español. Textos en español, francés y latín. Artículos : Le Latin et la Communication scientifique / H. des Abbayes.p. 1258-1263. Non sufficit Latinum sermonem inter doctos communem esse / Clement Desessar. p. 1263-1267. De novis methodis linguas docendi / Goodwin B. Beach. p. 1267-1272. Latinus sermo omnium scientiae rerum magnarum atque artium utilis / Vandick L. da Nobrega. p. 1272-1274. Ut Latina lingua vivat et vincat, libertas et concordia sunt maxime necessaria / Ricardo Avallone. p. 1274-1277. Vocabulorum collocatio quantum ad brevitatem et subtilitatem linguae latinae proficiat / Albert Grisart. p. 1278-1285. Letture Latine / Enrica Malcovati. p. 1285-1293. Textes latins et Latin vivant / René Fohalle. p. 1294-1305. Del valor educativo de los textos latinos / Karl Büchner. p. 1305-1314. La position présente du latin en Grèce : une réaction contre la décadence / Th. S. Tsannetatos. p. 1314-1315. La situation des langues classiques dans l'enseignement français / Robert Schilling. p. 1316-1320. La stylistique d'Albert Camus et la tradition latine / Alain Michel. p. 1320-1323. Cur et quomodo usus est Sienkiewicz Polonus lingua latina in opere suo polonice scripto cui titulus Trilogjia est / Jean B. Neveux. p. 1323. De Sebastiano Brant argentoratensi nobili scriptore restituendo / José Jiménez Delgado. p. 1324-1334. Votos del Tercer Congreso Internacional de Latín Vivo : Estrasburgo, 2-4 septiembre 1963. p. 1334-1335

Purificação e caracterização de uma gentioexaose obtida de botriosferana por hidrólise ácida parcial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of organic extracts of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill on V79 cells

Agaricus blazei Murrill, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is a native mushroom in SP, Brazil, that has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and many other pathologies in different parts of the world. A water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex (1 → 6)β-D-glucan has been isolated from its fruiting body that showed immune-modulation activity. From organic extracts, linoleic acid has been isolated and determined to be the main substance with antimutagenic activity. Using both the micronucleus (MN) and comet (single cell microgel electrophoresis) assays, this study determined the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of A. blazei (AB) obtained from commercial sources or the following strains: a) strains AB 97/29 (young and sporulated phases); b) a mixture taken from AB 96/07, AB 96/09 and AB 97/ 11 strains; and c) commercial mushrooms from Londrina, PR and Piedade, SP, designated as AB PR and AB SP, respectively. The extracts from these mushrooms were isolated in chloroform:methanol (3:1) and used in vitro at three different concentrations. V79 cells (Chinese hamster lung cells) were exposed to the extracts under pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment conditions, combined with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Under the circumstances of this study, these organic extracts did not show any genotoxic or mutagenic effects, but did protect cells against the induction of micronuclei by MMS. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics.

New biflavonoid and other flavonoids from the leaves of Chimarrhis turbinata and their antioxidant activities

A new biflavonol, named chimarrhoside (1), and eight known flavonol glycosides (2-9), were isolated from the leaves of Chimarrhis turbinata. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D- galactopyranoside (5), 6-hydroxy-rutin (6), kaempferol-3-O-D-galactopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (8) and kaempferol-3-O-α- Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4) -β-D-glucopyranoside (9). In addition, catechin (10) and catechin-(4α→8)-catechin-procyanidin B-3) (11) were isolated. The crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidative properties using an autographic assay based on β-carotene bleaching on TLC plates, and spectrophotometric detection by reduction of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Flavonoids 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11 displayed strong free radical scavenging activity, when compared with the standards BHT and rutin. ©2005 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.