Autonomia das escolas: implicações e alterações na organização escolar

Este estudo teve como objectivo investigar o que mudou na organização escolar com o reforço da sua autonomia nomeadamente com a celebração dos contratos de autonomia. A investigação incidiu sobre quatro Escolas/Agrupamentos, duas com Contrato de Autonomia e outras duas sem Contrato de Autonomia. No estudo optou-se por utilizar como técnicas de recolha de dados a fonte estatística e o inquérito por entrevista, recorrendo para o efeito a entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos Presidentes dos Órgãos de Gestão das quatro Escolas/Agrupamentos envolvidos no estudo. Os dados estatísticos foram obtidos através da análise das pautas relativas ao 3° período dos anos lectivos 2006/2007 e 2007/2008, das quatro escolas/Agrupamentos envolvidos no estudo. Dos resultados obtidos nesta investigação destacamos a importância que os Presidente dos Órgãos de Gestão dão à necessidade de uma maior autonomia. Os Contratos de Autonomia potenciaram um conjunto de alterações na organização escolar levando ao aumento do sucesso escolar e da criação de uma forte identidade da escola com Contrato de Autonomia. Será importante que estudos posteriores analisem os resultados obtidos nas vinte e duas escolas que celebraram contratos de autonomia, os quais terminam no final do ano lectivo 2010/2011, sendo certo que dos resultados desta investigação ressaltaram as vantagens de cada Escola/Agrupamento poder escolher o seu próprio caminho para atingir o sucesso escolar e social dos seus alunos. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate what has changed in school organization as a result of the legal reinforcement of its power and autonomy and, in particular, due to the celebration of contracts of autonomy. The research focused on four establishments (Schools/School Groups), two of them already functioning under a contract of autonomy and the other two with no such contract. The techniques used in our investigation were the collection and treatment of statistical data and the interview survey, mainly the semi-structured interview type directed to the Presidents of the Governing Bodies of all the four establishments involved. At the end of the present investigation, it is clear to us all the advantages presented to an educational establishment which is able to choose its own path to achieve the academic success and the social development of its students. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that future studies duly analyse the results achieved by all the twenty-two school establishments which celebrated contracts of autonomy ending at the term of the academic year 2009/2010.

Internação compulsória e o respeito à autonomia da população em situação de rua usuária de álcool e outras drogas sob o olhar da equipe do consultório na rua do Plano Piloto DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioética, 2016.

Studio e Analisi delle Prestazioni di Applicazioni basate su Protocolli HTTP/2 e WebSocket

Questo lavoro di tesi studia e analizza le prestazioni di applicazioni basate sui protocolli HTTP/2 e WebSocket, affrontando, anche in maniera sperimentale, due differenti tecniche: polling e push.

Layout e confronto prestazioni di banchi prova di micro-ORC

Nell’elaborato presentato è stato analizzato il sistema ORC, presente nel laboratorio DIN della Facoltà di Ingegneria, e confrontato con alcuni banchi prova estratti dalla letteratura. Sono stati studiati gli elementi caratterizzanti del sistema, definendone le loro caratteristiche, le loro dimensioni e la loro collocazione all’interno dell’impianto. Inseguito è stato fatto un confronto con degli impianti di simile taglia che sfruttano fonti di calore differenti. Infine è stato esaminato nel dettaglio il layout del sistema ORC definendone la sua struttura 3D per avere una maggiore chiarezza sulla composizione di questo impianto e sul posizionamento reciproco dei suoi elementi.

Autonomia no pré-escolar : estratégias utilizadas pelo educador de infância

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação pré-escolar

Autonomia no pré-escolar : estratégias utilizadas pelo educador de infância

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação pré-escolar

Os contratos de autonomia na gestão dos agrupamentos de escola em Portugal: uma análise a partir da perceção dos atores

No final da década de 70 a reforma da Administração Pública surge como preocupação dos governos. No início dos anos 80 a adoção da doutrina da Nova Gestão Publica, foi um dos acontecimentos mais marcantes para a administração pública dos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Economico. A reforma na Administração Pública em Portugal iniciou-se após a rutura política e social de 1974. No início de 1986 Portugal entra para Comunidade Económica Europeia, o que representou uma maior abertura económica e um aumento na confiança interna da população, observando-se um avanço em termos de concretização de muitos direito sociais, entre outros, na educação. A modernização da administração pública na componente referente à área da educação, iniciou-se no final do ano de 1986, através da Lei de Base do Sistema Educativo, dando origem à descentralização dos serviços, introduzindo-se o conceito de autonomia. Os contratos de autonomia no meio escolar, são processos de administração que não influenciam os seus intervenientes, na realização das atividades pedagógicas, administrativas e gestionárias. Este estudo demonstra a opinião dos vários grupos que compõem um estabelecimento de ensino público Português. Na opinião da amostra deste estudo, os contratos de autonomia não são portadores de benefícios ou prejuízos para os estabelecimentos escolares, seja a nível pedagógico, a nível dos recursos humanos ou a nível administrativo e financeiro; Abstract: Contracts of autonomy in the management of grouping of schools in Portugal: An analysis based on the perception of the actors. At the end of the 70 the reform of public administration arises as a concern of governments. In the early 80s the adoption of the doctrine of the New Public Management, was one of the most important events for the public administration of the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development countries. The reform in Public Administration in Portugal began after the political and social rupture of 1974. In the beginning of 1986 Portugal joins the European Economic Community, which represented a greater economic openness and an increase in internal confidence of the population, shown by a progress in terms of implementation of many social rights, among others, in education. The modernization of public administration in the field of education began at the end of 1986 through the Basic Law of Education, leading to the decentralization of services, introducing therefore the concept of autonomy. Autonomy contracts in schools are management processes that do not influence their stakeholders in achieving the educational, administrative and management activities. This study shows the opinion of the various groups that form an establishment of Portuguese public education. According to the sample, the autonomy contracts don’t bring benefits or losses to schools, as far as educational practices and human resources are concerned, as well as on a financial and administrative level.

A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AUTONOMIA DO PROFESSOR DE PORTUGUÊS: QUESTÕES DE FORMAÇÃO E LIMITES DE AÇÃO

O texto analisa algumas questões ligadas às opções teóricas, pedagógicas e políticas na formação e atuação do professor de língua portuguesa no Brasil, com base em textos oficiais (Diretrizes Curriculares, LDB, BNCC etc.) e bibliografia crítica (Nóvoa, Geraldi, Britto, Tardif, Freire, entre outros). Parte-se da hipótese de que a autonomia, tal como concebida por Paulo Freire, é um componente fundamental, tanto para a formação quanto para o exercício profissional da docência, e realiza-se um levantamento de alguns dos sentidos que o conceito assumiu no âmbito do pensamento pedagógico. São discutidos, como limites de ação, problemas já antigos do ensino de língua portuguesa nas escolas brasileiras de modo geral. Também se busca refletir de que maneira o contexto contemporâneo, incluindo as novas tecnologias de comunicação, traz impactos e necessidade ainda maior do exercício da autonomia, na formação e na prática do professor de português como língua materna.http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1981-4755.20170005

Tradução e Interpretação de Língua Portuguesa para Libras: Conceitos Abstratos de Autonomia

Resumo: O presente texto foca a temática da atuação do Tradutor e Intérprete da Língua de Sinais (TILS), pesquisando sobre o uso da Língua Portuguesa (LP) para Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), em processos de tradução cognitiva para uma interpretação simultânea. Nesse contexto, toda prática tradutória e interpretativa envolve várias competências e, entre elas, algumas específicas que podem ser compreendidas e desenvolvidas a partir das contribuições da Linguística Cognitiva. Os processos de categorização humana, com base no processo de “corporificação” (embodiment), têm elucidado fenômenos relativos à influência de modelos cognitivos e culturais sobre o modo como categorias conceptuais se estruturam e atuam no processo de “fazer sentido” das experiências biossocioculturais em situações variadas de interação comunicacional (Lakoff, 1987; Lakoff; Johnson, 1999). A investigação configura-se em um estudo empírico em situação controlada, utilizando recursos de filmagem e sistema de transcrição linguística. De natureza experimental, investigam-se o conceito abstrato AUTONOMIA ao qual se apropria nos processos tradutórios e interpretativos de LP para Libras. O objetivo visa identificar os processos linguísticos e cognitivos nas atividades do TILS. Com isso, os procedimentos metodológicos foram divididos em seis etapas, experimentando o mesmo microtexto, em duas versões: (1º) o TILS não tem o conhecimento prévio do microtexto e realiza diretamente a interpretação simultânea e, (2º) o TILS teve o conhecimento prévio do microtexto para depois realizar a interpretação simultânea. As evdidências identificadas contribuiem para o aperfeiçoamento das competências e habilidades do TILS durante os processos de tradução, compreensão e interpretação simultânea das ocorrências lexemáticas. Os resultados revelam que a performance do TILS, quando “refinada” numa segunda versão, após obter o conhecimento prévio do texto interpretante, permite ao TILS alcançar mais referências sobre as escolhas feitas cognitivamente no ato tradutório, e posteriormente escolhendo lexemas de uma língua para outra num atividade interpretativa. Palavras-chave: Conceitos Abstratos. Tradução/Interpretação. Língua Portuguesa/Língua de Sinais. Linguística Cognitiva.

Molecular cloning, expression and immunological characterisation of Pas n 1, the major allergen of Bahia grass Paspalum notatum pollen

Bahia grass, Paspalum notatum, is a clinically important subtropical grass with a prolonged pollination season from spring to autumn. We aimed to clone and characterise the major Bahia grass pollen allergen, Pas n 1. Grass pollen-allergic patients presenting to a tertiary hospital allergy clinic were tested for IgE reactivity with Bahia grass pollen extract by skin prick testing, ImmunoCAP, ELISA and immunoblotting. Using primers deduced from the N-terminal peptide sequence of a group 1 allergen of Bahia grass pollen extract separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the complete Pas n 1 cDNA was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and cloned. Biological relevance of recombinant Pas n 1 expressed in Escherichia coli was assessed by serum IgE reactivity and basophil activation. Twenty-nine of 34 (85%) consecutive patients presenting with grass pollen allergy were skin prick test positive to Bahia grass pollen. The Pas n 1 cDNA has sequence homology with the β-expansin 1 glycoprotein family and is more closely related to the maize pollen group 1 allergen (85% identity) than to ryegrass Lol p 1 or Timothy grass Phl p 1 (64 and 66% identity, respectively). rPas n 1 reacted with serum IgE in 47 of 55 (85%) Bahia grass pollen-allergic patients, activated basophils and inhibited serum IgE reactivity with the 29 kDa band of Bahia grass pollen extract. In conclusion the cDNA for the major group 1 allergen of the subtropical Bahia grass pollen, Pas n 1, was identified and cloned. rPas n 1 is immunologically active and is a valuable reagent for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.

Yielding of sensitive clays: micromechanical considerations

Test results reported on several natural sensitive soils show significant anisotropy of the yield curves, which are generally oriented along the coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K-0) axis. An attempt is made in this paper to explain the anisotropy in yielding from microstructural considerations. An elliptic pore, with particle domains aligned along the periphery of the pore, and with the major axis of the pore being oriented along the direction of the in situ major principal stress, is chosen as the unit of microstructure. An analysis of forces at the interdomain contacts around the ellipse is carried out with reference to experimentally determined yield stress conditions of one soil, and a yield criteria is defined. The analysis, with the proposed yield criteria, enables one to define the complete yield curve for any other soil from the results of only two tests (one constant eta compression test with eta close to eta(K?0), where eta is the stress ratio (= q/p) and eta(K?0) is the stress ratio corresponding to anisotropic K-0 compression, and another undrained shear test). Predicted yield curves are compared with experimental yield curves of several soils reported in the literature.

A comparative study of the energetics, structures, and mechanisms of the HCN H HNC and LiCN <-> LiNC isomerizations

The potential energy surfaces of the HCN<->HNC and LiCN<->LiNC isomerization processes were determined by ab initio theory using fully optimized triple-zeta double polarization types of basis sets. Both the MP2 corrections and the QCISD level of calculations were performed to correct for the electron correlation. Results show that electron correlation has a considerable influence on the energetics and structures. Analysis of the intramolecular bond rearrangement processes reveals that, in both cases, H (or Li+) migrates in an almost elliptic path in the plane of the molecule. In HCN<->HNC, the migrating hydrogen interacts with the in-plane pi,pi* orbitals of CN, leading to a decrease in the C-N bond order. In LiCN<->LiNC, Li+ does not interact with the corresponding pi,pi* orbitals of CN.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of oriented bicyclic systems containing heteroatom(s):the spectrum of 2-thiocoumarin

From the proton nmr studies of 2-thiocoumarin and coumarin, it is concluded that the relative interproton distances in the two oxygen heteroatom bicyclic systems are similar. The values for the phenyl ring protons do not deviate significantly from the regular hexagonal geometry, unlike bicyclic systems with nitrogens as the heteroatoms, such as diazanaphthalenes. Larger values of the indirect spin-spin couplings within the protons of the ring containing the oxygen heteroatom, compared to the values between the ortho protons in the phenyl rings in coumarin and 2-thiocoumarin, correspond to the olefinic nature of these protons. This is in contrast to results for the nitrogen heterocycles where both the rings are aromatic.

Yhteisön ja yhteiskunnan ehdoilla : Seurakuntien ja kuntien yhteistyö vuorovaikutuksen näkökulmasta

In this research, the cooperation between Finnish municipalities and Evangelical Lutheran parishes is studied from the standpoint of institutional interaction. The most essential theoretical background for the study is the differentiation thesis of the secularization theory. Cooperation from the viewpoints of both organizations is examined using the functional approach. Furthermore, the market theory and other theories are applied in order to place the studied phenomenon in the wider context of the theories of the sociology of religion. Sacralization in modern society and its relationship with the differentiation thesis of the secularization theory are in the theoretical foci. In addition, along with a descriptive examination of cooperation, the normative sides of the phenomenon are discussed. The survey was conducted among all municipalities and parishes in continental Finland. The questionnaires were sent to all municipal managers of youth work and afternoon activities and to all managers of child, youth and social work in the parishes. The response rate for the municipalities was 73.9 % and for the parishes 69.5 %. In addition, two qualitative data were utilized. The aim of the study is to scrutinize what kind of limitations of differentiation can be caused by the interaction between the secular and the religious. In order to solve the problem, an empirical study of sacralization in the modern context is required. For this purpose, the survey was carried out to determine the effects of the religious on the secular and the impact of the secular on the religious. In the articles of the study the following relationships are discussed: the positions of municipalities and parishes in relation to the state and civil society; cooperation in relation to differentiation; sacralization in relation to the differentiation thesis and cooperation in relation to pluralism. The results of the study highlighted the significance of the cooperation, which was contrary to the secularization theory connected to religious sacralization. The acceptance of the appearance of religion in cooperation and parishes support for municipal function was high in municipalities. Religious cooperation was more active than secular cooperation within all fields. This was also true between fields: religiously orientated child work was more active than the societally orientated social work of the church. Religious cooperation in modern fields of activity underlined sacralization. However, the acceptance of sacralization was weaker in cities than rural areas. Positive relationships between the welfare function of municipalities and the religious function of parishes emphasized the incompleteness of differentiation and the importance of sacralization. The relationship of the function of municipalities with parishes was neither negative nor neutral. Thus, in the most active fields, that is, child work and the traditional social work of the church, the orientation of parishes in cooperation supported the functions of both organizations. In more passive fields, that is, youth work and the societal social work of the church, parishes were orientated towards supporting the municipal function. The orientation of municipalities to religion underlined the perception that religious function is necessary for cooperation. However, the official character of cooperation supported accommodation to the requirements of societal pluralism. According to the results, sacralization can be effective also at the institutional level. The religious effect of voluntary cooperation means that religious sacralization can also readjust to modern society. At the same time, the results of the study stressed the importance of institutional autonomy. Thus, the public sector has a central role in successful cooperation. The conditions of cooperation are weakened if there is no official support of cooperation or adjustment to the individual rights of modern society. The results called into question the one-directional assumptions in the secularization paradigm and the modernization theory in the background. In these assumptions, religion that represents the traditional is seen to give way to the modern, especially at the institutional level. Lack of an interactional view was identified as a central weakness of the secularization paradigm. In the theoretical approach created in the study, an interactional view between religious and secular institutions was made possible by limiting the core of the differentiation thesis to autonomy. The counter forces of differentiation are despecialization and sacralization. These changes in the secularization theory bring about new interactivity on the institutional level. In addition to the interactional approach, that is, the secularization and sacralization theory created as a synthesis of the study, interaction between the religious and the secular is discussed from the standpoint of multiple modernities. The spiritual welfare role of religion is seen as a potential supporter of secular institutions. Religion is set theoretically amongst other ideologies and agents, which can create communal bonds in modern society. Key words: cooperation, municipalities, parishes, sacralization, secularization, modernization, multiple modernities, differentiation, interaction, democracy, secularism, pluralism, civil society

Ammatti, ihminen ja maailmankuva murroksessa : Tutkimus yliopistokirjastoista ja kirjastonhoitajista tietoyhteiskuntakaudella 1970-2005

PROFESSION, PERSON AND WORLDVIEW AT A TURNING POINT A Study of University Libraries and Library Staff in the Information Age 1970 - 2005 The incongruity between commonly held ideas of libraries and librarians and the changes that have occurred in libraries since 2000 provided the impulse for this work. The object is to find out if the changes of the last few decades have penetrated to a deeper level, that is, if they have caused changes in the values and world views of library staff and management. The study focuses on Finnish university libraries and the people who work in them. The theoretical framework is provided by the concepts of world view (values, the concept of time, man and self, the experience of the supernatural and the holy, community and leadership). The viewpoint, framework and methods of the study place it in the area of Comparative Religion by applying the world view framework. The time frame is the information age, which has deeply affected Finnish society and scholarly communication from 1970 to 2005. The source material of the study comprises 30 life stories; somewhat more than half of the stories come from the University of Helsinki, and the rest from the other eight universities. Written sources include library journals, planning documents and historical accounts of libraries. The experiences and research diaries of the research worker are also used as source material. The world view questions are discussed on different levels: 1) recognition of the differences and similarities in the values of the library sphere and the university sphere, 2) examination of the world view elements, community and leadership based on the life stories, and 3) the three phases of the effects of information technology on the university libraries and those who work in them. In comparing the values of the library sphere and the university sphere, the appreciation of creative work and culture as well as the founding principles of science and research are jointly held values. The main difference between the values in the university and library spheres concerns competition and service. Competition is part of the university as an institution of research work. The core value of the library sphere is service, which creates the essential ethos of library work. The ethical principles of the library sphere also include the values of democracy and equality as well as the value of intellectual freedom. There is also a difference between an essential value in the university sphere, the value of autonomy and academic freedom on the one hand, and the global value of the library sphere - organizing operations in a practical and efficient way on the other hand. Implementing this value can also create tension between the research community and the library. Based on the life stories, similarities can be found in the values of the library staff members. The value of service seems to be of primary importance for all who are committed to library work and who find it interesting and rewarding. The service role of the library staff can be extended from information services provider to include the roles of teacher, listener and even therapist, all needed in a competitive research community. The values of democracy and equality also emerge fairly strongly. The information age development has progressed in three phases in the libraries from the 1960s onward. In the third phase beginning in the mid 1990s, the increased usage of electronic resources has set fundamental changes in motion. The changes have affected basic values and the concept of time as well as the hierarchies and valuations within the library community. In addition to and as a replacement for the library possessing a local identity and operational model, a networked, global library is emerging. The changes have brought tension both to the library communities and to the relationship between the university community and the library. Future orientation can be said to be the key concept for change; it affects where the ideals and models for operations are taken from. Future orientation manifests itself as changes in metaphors, changes in the model of a good librarian and as communal valuations. Tension between the libraries and research communities can arise if the research community pictures the library primarily as a traditional library building with a local identity, whereas the 21st century library staff and directors are affected by future orientation and membership in a networked library sphere, working proactively to develop their libraries.