THE SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO STUDY AND WORK OUTSIDE THEIR HOME

The objective of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children and adolescents who study and work outside their home. This non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires applied to primary education students, enrolled in public schools in Ribeirao Preto (Brazil). Two schools were selected through a draw. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Of the 133 students who answered the questionnaire, 36 (27.7%) reported working outside their home, 20.6% were between 11 and 13 years of age, and 66.7% were male (p=0.000) and had started working early to help with the family income (p=0.003). The salary they received helped comprise the family income, and it was found that as the family income increased, the need for the youngsters to work was reduced. It was found that many factors contribute to these subjects' early start at work, including family size, structure and poverty.

A Reappraisal in Sao Paulo, Brazil (2008) of "The Ecology of Medical Care:" The "One Per Thousand's Rule"

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medical ecology is a conceptual framework introduced in 1961 to describe the relationship and utilization of health care services by a given population. We applied this conception to individuals enrolled in a private health maintenance organization (HMO) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of describing the utilization of primary health care, verifying the frequency of various symptoms, and identifying the roles of different health care sources. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional telephone survey among a random sample of people enrolled in a private HMO. We interviewed a random sample of non-pregnant adults over age 18 using 10 questions about symptoms and health care use during the month prior to interview. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1,065 participants (mean age 68 years, 68% female). From this sample, 424 (39.8%) reported the presence of symptoms, 311 (29.2%) had a medical office consult, 104 (9.8%) went directly to an emergency medical department, 63 (5.9%) were hospitalized, 22 (2.1%) used complementary medicine resources, seven (0.7%) were referred to home care, and one (0.1%) was admitted to an academic hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of study participants referred to an academic care center was similar to that observed in previous "medical ecology" studies in different populations.

Hadronic molecules with both open charm and bottom

With the one-boson-exchange model, we study the interaction between the S-wave D(*)/D-s(*) meson and S-wave B(*)/B-s(*) meson considering the S-D mixing effect. Our calculation indicates that there may exist the B-c-like molecular states. We estimate their masses and list the possible decay modes of these B-c-like molecular states, which may be useful to the future experimental search.

Abundance of biofilm on intertidal rocky shores: Can trampling by humans be a negative influence?

Trampling by human visitors to rocky shores is a known stressor on macroorganisms. However, the effects of trampling on rocky intertidal biofilm, a complex association of microorganisms of ecological importance in coastal communities, have not been quantified. We evaluated the impact of trampling frequency and intensity on total biomass of epilithic microalgae on intertidal rocky shores in the southeast of Brazil. There was a trend of increase in the variability of biomass of biofilm in function of intensity of trampling, but no significant effects emerged among trampling treatments. The low influence of trampling on biofilm might be a result of the small dimensions of the organisms coupled with their natural resilience and roughness of the substrate; the former preventing the removal of biofilm layers by shoes and facilitating their quick recovery. Our results provide insights for management and conservation of coastal ecosystems revealing a weaker impact of trampling on biofilm than that reported on macroorganisms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ações educativas em um Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e analisar as ações educativas realizadas por um Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, considerando as concepções pedagógicas e os aspectos intervenientes que aproximam e afastam a equipe da mudança de prática pretendida pelo programa. É uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. O estudo evidenciou que a concepção pedagógica predominante é a da transmissão de informações voltada para prevenção de doenças, embora existam algumas ações próximas da pedagogia participativa. A organização do trabalho e o vínculo com a população também interferem no trabalho educativo. Conclui-se que as ações educativas ainda são alicerçadas no preventivismo com desafios para promoção da saúde e carecem de investimentos em formação e na organização da rede assistencial.

Por uma disciplina rigorosa e ilustrada: a inspeção na capital do império

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os procedimentos manejados na fiscalização de professores primários, por meio do estudo a respeito do serviço de inspeção da instrução na Corte Imperial, a partir de sua institucionalização com base no Regulamento da Instrução Primária e Secundária da Corte em 1854. Na pesquisa procurou-se discutir como a visibilidade dada à escola e aos seus atores, via inspeção, permitiram inseri-los em um esquema disciplinar, cujos efeitos encontram-se articulados e justificados em nome de um projeto de ordenação e civilização da capital do Império brasileiro.

Simulazione numerica di fenomeni aeroelastici con applicazione alle strutture civili

Il presente lavoro tratta lo studio dei fenomeni aeroelastici di interazione fra fluido e struttura, con il fine di provare a simularli mediante l’ausilio di un codice agli elementi finiti. Nel primo capitolo sono fornite alcune nozioni di fluidodinamica, in modo da rendere chiari i passaggi teorici fondamentali che portano alle equazioni di Navier-Stokes governanti il moto dei fluidi viscosi. Inoltre è illustrato il fenomeno della formazione di vortici a valle dei corpi tozzi dovuto alla separazione dello strato limite laminare, con descrizione anche di alcuni risultati ottenuti dalle simulazioni numeriche. Nel secondo capitolo vengono presi in rassegna i principali fenomeni di interazione fra fluido e struttura, cercando di metterne in luce le fondamenta della trattazione analitica e le ipotesi sotto le quali tale trattazione è valida. Chiaramente si tratta solo di una panoramica che non entra in merito degli sviluppi della ricerca più recente ma fornisce le basi per affrontare i vari problemi di instabilità strutturale dovuti a un particolare fenomeno di interazione con il vento. Il terzo capitolo contiene una trattazione più approfondita del fenomeno di instabilità per flutter. Tra tutti i fenomeni di instabilità aeroelastica delle strutture il flutter risulta il più temibile, soprattutto per i ponti di grande luce. Per questo si è ritenuto opportuno dedicargli un capitolo, in modo da illustrare i vari procedimenti con cui si riesce a determinare analiticamente la velocità critica di flutter di un impalcato da ponte, a partire dalle funzioni sperimentali denominate derivate di flutter. Al termine del capitolo è illustrato il procedimento con cui si ricavano sperimentalmente le derivate di flutter di un impalcato da ponte. Nel quarto capitolo è presentato l’esempio di studio dell’impalcato del ponte Tsing Ma ad Hong Kong. Sono riportati i risultati analitici dei calcoli della velocità di flutter e di divergenza torsionale dell’impalcato e i risultati delle simulazioni numeriche effettuate per stimare i coefficienti aerodinamici statici e il comportamento dinamico della struttura soggetta all’azione del vento. Considerazioni e commenti sui risultati ottenuti e sui metodi di modellazione numerica adottati completano l’elaborato.

Analisi e traduzione di "The family law" di Benjamin Law

The aim of this dissertation is to propose a translation from English into Italian of The Family Law, an autobiographical novel written by Benjamin Law, an Australian author of Cantonese origins. The present dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the author of the book, by providing his biography; in addition, the chapter contains an overview of the Australia immigration problem, which is an important issue in the book due to the fact that the author’s parents had moved from Hong Kong to Caloundra, Australia. The second chapter presents the book The Family Law, by focusing on its main themes and by paying special attention to the description of the characters; furthermore, it analyses the plot of the chapters which I decided to translate, and provides a selection of Italian publishers which might be interested in publishing the book. The third chapter consists of my translation of the chapters I selected. The final chapter analyses the strategies I adopted while translating and examines some of the problematic issues that I encountered during the translation process, in particular at the level of morphosyntax, lexicon, cultural references, and style.

Writing center handbooks and travel guidebooks : redesigning instructional texts for multicultural, multilingual, and multinational contexts

In an increasingly interconnected world characterized by the accelerating interplay of cultural, linguistic, and national difference, the ability to negotiate that difference in an equitable and ethical manner is a crucial skill for both individuals and larger social groups. This dissertation, Writing Center Handbooks and Travel Guidebooks: Redesigning Instructional Texts for Multicultural, Multilingual, and Multinational Contexts, considers how instructional texts that ostensibly support the negotiation of difference (i.e., accepting and learning from difference) actually promote the management of difference (i.e., rejecting, assimilating, and erasing difference). As a corrective to this focus on managing difference, chapter two constructs a theoretical framework that facilitates the redesign of handbooks, guidebooks, and similar instructional texts. This framework centers on reflexive design practices and is informed by literacy theory (Gee; New London Group; Street), social learning theory (Wenger), globalization theory (Nederveen Pieterse), and composition theory (Canagarajah; Horner and Trimbur; Lu; Matsuda; Pratt). By implementing reflexive design practices in the redesign of instructional texts, this dissertation argues that instructional texts can promote the negotiation of difference and a multicultural/multilingual sensibility that accounts for twenty-first century linguistic and cultural realities. Informed by the theoretical framework of chapter two, chapters three and four conduct a rhetorical analysis of two forms of instructional text that are representative of the larger genre: writing center coach handbooks and travel guidebooks to Hong Kong. This rhetorical analysis reveals how both forms of text employ rhetorical strategies that uphold dominant monolingual and monocultural assumptions. Alternative rhetorical strategies are then proposed that can be used to redesign these two forms of instructional texts in a manner that aligns with multicultural and multilingual assumptions. These chapters draw on the work of scholars in Writing Center Studies (Boquet and Lerner; Carino; DiPardo; Grimm; North; Severino) and Technical Communication (Barton and Barton; Dilger; Johnson; Kimball; Slack), respectively. Chapter five explores how the redesign of coach handbooks and travel guidebooks proposed in this dissertation can be conceptualized as a political act. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that instructional texts are powerful heuristic tools that can enact social change if they are redesigned to foster the negotiation of difference and to promote multicultural/multilingual world views.