Secure D2D Communication in Large-Scale Cognitive Cellular Networks: A Wireless Power Transfer Model

In this paper, we investigate secure device-to-device (D2D) communication in energy harvesting large-scale cognitive cellular networks. The energy constrained D2D transmitter harvests energy from multiantenna equipped power beacons (PBs), and communicates with the corresponding receiver using the spectrum of the primary base stations (BSs). We introduce a power transfer model and an information signal model to enable wireless energy harvesting and secure information transmission. In the power transfer model, three wireless power transfer (WPT) policies are proposed: 1) co-operative power beacons (CPB) power transfer, 2) best power beacon (BPB) power transfer, and 3) nearest power beacon (NPB) power transfer. To characterize the power transfer reliability of the proposed three policies, we derive new expressions for the exact power outage probability. Moreover, the analysis of the power outage probability is extended to the case when PBs are equipped with large antenna arrays. In the information signal model, we present a new comparative framework with two receiver selection schemes: 1) best receiver selection (BRS), where the receiver with the strongest channel is selected; and 2) nearest receiver selection (NRS), where the nearest receiver is selected. To assess the secrecy performance, we derive new analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability and the secrecy throughput considering the two receiver selection schemes using the proposed WPT policies. We presented Monte carlo simulation results to corroborate our analysis and show: 1) secrecy performance improves with increasing densities of PBs and D2D receivers due to larger multiuser diversity gain; 2) CPB achieves better secrecy performance than BPB and NPB but consumes more power; and 3) BRS achieves better secrecy performance than NRS but demands more instantaneous feedback and overhead. A pivotal conclusion- is reached that with increasing number of antennas at PBs, NPB offers a comparable secrecy performance to that of BPB but with a lower complexity.

Compliance with follow-up after cataract surgery in rural China.

PURPOSE:

To evaluate reasons for non-compliance with post-cataract surgical follow-up in rural China, and assess the impact of incentives on improving compliance.

METHODS:

Patients having undergone cataract surgery more than 3 months previously at cataract surgery training hospitals in Guangdong were invited by telephone and advertisements to a hospital-based study examination, with compensation for travel costs (US$7). Information on prior post-surgical follow up was collected by questionnaire at the hospital or by telephone. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of post-operative attendance with or without compensation.

RESULTS:

Among 518 eligible patients, 426 (82.2%) underwent interviews and 342 (66.0%) attended the compensated study examination. Ninety nine participants (23.2%) reported previously returning for uncompensated follow-up ≥ 3 months post-operatively, and 225 (52.8%) had returned for any prior post-operative examination. Uncompensated follow-up at ≥ 3 months was associated with higher income (P = 0.037), and recalling instruction by a doctor to follow-up (P = 0.001), while age, gender, travel cost, and post-operative satisfaction and vision were not associated. Younger (P = 0.002) patients and those reporting being instructed to follow up (P = 0.008) were more likely to return for the compensated research examination. Among all interviewed subjects, only 170 (39.9%) reported knowing they were to return to hospital.

CONCLUSIONS:

Modest compensation, advertisements and telephone contact can increase medium-term follow-up rates after cataract surgery by three-fold. Better communication of specific targets for follow-up may improve follow-up compliance.

Supporting an ethnic minority woman's choice for pain relief in labour: a reflection

Despite professional expectations for midwives to provide care to women that is founded in equality and recognises diversity (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015), women from ethnic minority populations consistently suggest that they are not heard (Briscoe and Lavender, 2009; Tobin et al, 2014). This article reflects upon a situation where a Portuguese woman with limited English speaking ability was denied access to epidural anaesthesia as the midwife felt that she could not give valid consent to the procedure without the presence of an interpreter. The midwife’s role within this situation will be reflected upon and implications for midwifery practice identified.

CONTINUIDADE DE CUIDADOS DE SAÚDE NO DISTRITO DE ÉVORA

Tema e referencial teórico: O envelhecimento da população conduziu ao aumento das doenças crónicas e incapacitantes e ao surgimento de novas necessidades de saúde e sociais o que colocou um enorme desafio ao Serviço Nacional de Saúde. Neste contexto, a articulação entre as diferentes instituições prestadoras de cuidados ganha importância, assumindo-se que a continuidade de cuidados além de garantir a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados, contribui para a diminuição dos custos com a saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a continuidade de cuidados nos centros de saúde no distrito de Évora, na perspetiva dos utentes. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Amostra constituída por 342 pessoas, com 18 ou mais anos de idade, que utilizam as unidades de saúde (USF e UCSP) do distrito de Évora. O instrumento de pesquisa é, essencialmente, constituído por questões fechadas e teve por base o quadro conceptual, assim como dois modelos de questionários sobre continuidade de cuidados consultados e cuja autorização de adaptação foi obtida. Recorreu-se ao Software SPSS® Statistic para análise dos dados. Foram salvaguardados todos os aspetos éticos relativos a estudos com seres humanos. Resultados: Dos 342 inquiridos 69,6% são do sexo feminino e 29,8% são do sexo masculino. A média de idades é de 48 anos. A maior parte tem o ensino secundário (29,5%). 34,5% referem ter alguma doença crónica. Dos principais resultados ressalta-se que 89,2% confiam na capacidade profissional do seu médico de família. Opinião idêntica é manifestada sobre o que acontece em relação aos enfermeiros, apesar de a percentagem ser inferior (69,3%). Na opinião da maioria dos inquiridos (89,8%) os especialistas entendem o que os utentes lhes dizem sobre a sua saúde. Por outro lado, as idas aos especialistas tanto podem ser programadas a partir do centro de saúde (45%) como não (45%). A quase totalidade (88%) sente-se à vontade para colocar perguntas aos especialistas. Quando consultam o médico de família 61,1% mencionam que não necessitam transmitir-lhe as informações que os especialistas lhe deram. Consideram, maioritariamente (78,7%), que o médico de família os envolve nas decisões sobre a sua situação de saúde/doença. Relativamente aos enfermeiros, essa percentagem é inferior (53,5%). Conclusões: A informação circula entre os profissionais de saúde e existe a preocupação em envolver os utentes nas questões que dizem respeito à sua saúde, sendo estes aspetos mais visíveis relativamente aos médicos. Maioritariamente recomendam o seu médico de família e o enfermeiro aos seus amigos e/ou familiares.

Quantitative evaluation of three reconfiguration strategies on FPGAs: a case study

Reconfigurable computing is becoming an important new alternative for implementing computations. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are the ideal integrated circuit technology to experiment with the potential benefits of using different strategies of circuit specialization by reconfiguration. The final form of the reconfiguration strategy is often non-trivial to determine. Consequently, in this paper, we examine strategies for reconfiguration and, based on our experience, propose general guidelines for the tradeoffs using an area-time metric called functional density. Three experiments are set up to explore different reconfiguration strategies for FPGAs applied to a systolic implementation of a scalar quantizer used as a case study. Quantitative results for each experiment are given. The regular nature of the example means that the results can be generalized to a wide class of industry-relevant problems based on arrays.

Portugal's Quota-Parity Law: An Analysis of its Adoption

In August 2006, Portugal approved a new quota law, called the parity law. According to this, all candidate lists presented for local, parliamentary, and European elections must guarantee a minimum representation of 33 per cent for each sex. This article analyses the proximate causes that led to the adoption of gender quotas by the Portuguese Parliament. The simple answer is that the law’s passage was a direct consequence of a draft piece of legislation presented by the Socialist Party (PS), which enjoyed a majority. However, the reasons that led the PS to push through a quota law remain unclear. Using open-ended interviews with key women deputies from all the main Portuguese political parties, and national public opinion data, among other sources, the role of four actors/factors that were involved in the law’s adoption are critically examined: notably, civil society actors, state actors, international and transnational actors, and the Portuguese political context.

Acute hypoxia reduces plasma myostatin independent of hypoxic dose

Background: Muscle atrophy is seen ~ 25 % of patients with cardiopulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and chronic heart failure. Multiple hypotheses exist for this loss, including inactivity, inflammation, malnutrition and hypoxia. Healthy individuals exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia also show wasting, suggesting hypoxia alone is sufficient to induce atrophy. Myostatin regulates muscle mass and may underlie hypoxic-induced atrophy. Our previous work suggests a decrease in plasma myostatin and increase in muscle myostatin following 10 hours of exposure to 12 % O2. Aims: To establish the effect of hypoxic dose on plasma myostatin concentration. Concentration of plasma myostatin following two doses of normobaric hypoxia (10.7 % and 12.3 % O2) in a randomised, single-blinded crossover design (n = 8 lowlanders, n = 1 Sherpa), with plasma collected pre (0 hours), post (2 hours) and 2 hours following (4 hours) exposure. Results: An effect of time was noted, plasma myostatin decreased at 4 hours but not 2 hours relative to 0 hours (p = 0.01; 0 hours = 3.26 [0.408] ng.mL-1, 2 hours = 3.33, [0.426] ng.mL-1, 4 hours = 2.92, [0.342] ng.mL-1). No difference in plasma myostatin response was seen between hypoxic conditions (10.7 % vs. 12.3 % O2). Myostatin reduction in the Sherpa case study was similar to the lowlander cohort. Conclusions: Decreased myostatin peptide expression suggests hypoxia in isolation is sufficient to challenge muscle homeostasis, independent of confounding factors seen in chronic cardiopulmonary disorders, in a manner consistent with our previous work. Decreased myostatin peptide may represent flux towards peripheral muscle, or a reduction to protect muscle mass. Chronic adaption to hypoxia does not appear to protect against this response, however larger cohorts are needed to confirm this. Future work will examine tissue changes in parallel with systemic effects.

Distribución y concentración de la munida (Pleuroncodes monodon) en el verano 1996

Presente los resultados de las áreas de distribución de la múnida o camaroncito rojo (Pleuroncodes monodon), durante el Crucero de evaluación de recursos pelágicos 9602-04, a bordo del BIC SNP-1. Así mismo, indica la interrelación de la distribución de los factores ambientales de temperatura y salinidad. Adicionalmente, se estimó la biomasa en 63.342 t mediante una fórmula empírica de fuerza de blanco/longitud. El área de distribución fue de 5.369 mn2. Las principales áreas de distribución estuvieron localizadas en Atico-San Juan, Pucusana-Callao, Chancay-Huacho y Huarmey-Chimbote.

Impact of a cis-associated gene expression SNP on chromosome 20q11.22 on bipolar disorder susceptibility, hippocampal structure and cognitive performance.

BackgroundBipolar disorder is a highly heritable polygenic disorder. Recent enrichment analyses suggest that there may be true risk variants for bipolar disorder in the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in the brain.AimsWe sought to assess the impact of eQTL variants on bipolar disorder risk by combining data from both bipolar disorder genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and brain eQTL.MethodTo detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence expression levels of genes associated with bipolar disorder, we jointly analysed data from a bipolar disorder GWAS (7481 cases and 9250 controls) and a genome-wide brain (cortical) eQTL (193 healthy controls) using a Bayesian statistical method, with independent follow-up replications. The identified risk SNP was then further tested for association with hippocampal volume (n = 5775) and cognitive performance (n = 342) among healthy individuals.ResultsIntegrative analysis revealed a significant association between a brain eQTL rs6088662 on chromosome 20q11.22 and bipolar disorder (log Bayes factor = 5.48; bipolar disorder P = 5.85×10(-5)). Follow-up studies across multiple independent samples confirmed the association of the risk SNP (rs6088662) with gene expression and bipolar disorder susceptibility (P = 3.54×10(-8)). Further exploratory analysis revealed that rs6088662 is also associated with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in healthy individuals.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that 20q11.22 is likely a risk region for bipolar disorder; they also highlight the informative value of integrating functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression in advancing our understanding of the biological basis underlying complex disorders, such as bipolar disorder.

L'Écho de Paris

1885/02/16 (Numéro 342).

Guiron le Courtois, translaté de latin en françois par Luce du Châtel du Gat.

Commencement : « O Dieu qui m'a donné povoir et engin... » — Fin : « ...et retourne au roy Melyadus pour compter partie de ses aventures. — Cy fine le premier livre Guyron le Courtoys. »