546 resultados para decentralization
Public service motivation in public and nonprofit service providers: The cases of Belarus and Poland
Resumo:
The work motivation construct is central to the theory and practice of many social science disciplines. Yet, due to the novelty of validated measures appropriate for a deep cross-national comparison, studies that contrast different administrative regimes remain scarce. This study represents an initial empirical effort to validate the Public Service Motivation (PSM) instrument proposed by Kim and colleagues (2013) in a previously unstudied context. The two former communist countries analyzed in this dissertation—Belarus and Poland—followed diametrically opposite development strategies: a fully decentralized administrative regime in Poland and a highly centralized regime in Belarus. The employees (n = 677) of public and nonprofit organizations in the border regions of Podlaskie Wojewodstwo (Poland) and Hrodna Voblasc (Belarus) are the subjects of study. ^ Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three dimensions of public service motivation in the two regions: compassion, self-sacrifice, and attraction to public service. The statistical models tested in this dissertation suggest that nonprofit sector employees exhibit higher levels of PSM than their public sector counterparts. Nonprofit sector employees also reveal a similar set of values and work attitudes across the countries. Thus, the study concludes that in terms of PSM, employees of nonprofit organizations constitute a homogenous group that exists atop the administrative regimes. ^ However, the findings propose significant differences between public sector agencies across the two countries. Contrary to expectations, data suggest that organization centralization in Poland is equal to—or for some items even higher than—that of Belarus. We can conclude that the absence of administrative decentralization of service provision in a country does not necessarily undermine decentralized practices within organizations. Further analysis reveals strong correlations between organization centralization and PSM for the Polish sample. Meanwhile, in Belarus, correlations between organization centralization items and PSM are weak and mostly insignificant. ^ The analysis indicates other factors beyond organization centralization that significantly impact PSM in both sectors. PSM of the employees in the studied region is highly correlated with their participation in religious practices, political parties, or labor unions as well as location of their organization in a capital and type of social service provided.^
Resumo:
Cuando se habla de los factores que producen las disparidades territoriales en Colombia, los diferenciales de capacidad institucional que tiene el Estado colombiano para hacer efectivos los derechos políticos, económicos y sociales de sus ciudadanos, cobran un valor esencial a la hora de explicar las pronunciadas brechas que se generan en las regiones del país. Es por esto que la hipótesis central de nuestro trabajo se centra en que la descentralización como modelo de gestión de los asuntos públicos presenta serios problemas de eficiencia y eficacia debido a la escasa capacidad institucional con la que cuentan las organizaciones públicas y gubernamentales en las periferias colombianas, lo que produce que las políticas de inclusión, bienestar y promoción del desarrollo no logren su implementación y adecuada aplicación en los departamentos más pobres del país. La baja capacidad institucional se explica porque las reformas se encargaron de entregar a los departamentos y municipios competencia y recursos para ejercer una amplia gama de funciones, pero no se ocuparon de dotarlas de recursos organizacionales, institucionales, de recursos humanos y de gestión, que permitieran el uso efectivo y eficiente de los recursos fiscales, ni la capacidad de respuesta de las administraciones públicas territoriales frente a las demandas de los habitantes de los municipios y departamentos.
Resumo:
El interés de esta monografía es evaluar la relación entre el orden institucional del Estado colombiano y las lógicas del control territorial de los paramilitares sobre el Urabá antioqueño durante el periodo 1997-2007. Se analiza y explica cómo los grupos paramilitares aprovecharon el contexto de debilidad institucional del Urabá antioqueño para consolidar estructuras paraestatales que instrumentalizaron y cooptaron la institucionalidad del Estado con la pretensión de reproducir las condiciones necesarias para su sostenimiento. Así como las consecuencias sobre la Institucionalidad regional a causa de la consolidación de un control político de corte autoritario y clientelista, la obstaculización de la afirmación del monopolio de la violencia estatal, y la protección de un modelo económico particular sustentado en la violencia. Para ello, como parámetros generales se siguen las funciones estatales descritas por Charles Tilly, la descripción de los estados entre estados de Kinsgton y Spears y la teoría de la cooptación del Estado de Jorge Garay.
Resumo:
El objetivo de esta monografía es analizar el proceso de descentralización de Al Qaeda a causa del debilitamiento de su centro en Afganistán por la intervención militar de la coalición occidental. Se estudia como Al Qaeda deja de ser una organización jerárquica, comenzando a organizarse en red. Estas trasformaciones se pueden explicar a la luz de los principales postulados de la teoría de Guerra en Red, que incluyen la falta de un liderazgo central, y la distribución en enjambre para atacar. Siguiendo la línea argumentativa, finalmente se demuestra que mediante la expansión de la red, Al Qaeda aún bajo su situación de debilidad ha mantenido vigente la yihad trasnacional a través de las organizaciones filiales en África.
Resumo:
No final da década de 70 a reforma da Administração Pública surge como preocupação dos governos. No início dos anos 80 a adoção da doutrina da Nova Gestão Publica, foi um dos acontecimentos mais marcantes para a administração pública dos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Economico. A reforma na Administração Pública em Portugal iniciou-se após a rutura política e social de 1974. No início de 1986 Portugal entra para Comunidade Económica Europeia, o que representou uma maior abertura económica e um aumento na confiança interna da população, observando-se um avanço em termos de concretização de muitos direito sociais, entre outros, na educação. A modernização da administração pública na componente referente à área da educação, iniciou-se no final do ano de 1986, através da Lei de Base do Sistema Educativo, dando origem à descentralização dos serviços, introduzindo-se o conceito de autonomia. Os contratos de autonomia no meio escolar, são processos de administração que não influenciam os seus intervenientes, na realização das atividades pedagógicas, administrativas e gestionárias. Este estudo demonstra a opinião dos vários grupos que compõem um estabelecimento de ensino público Português. Na opinião da amostra deste estudo, os contratos de autonomia não são portadores de benefícios ou prejuízos para os estabelecimentos escolares, seja a nível pedagógico, a nível dos recursos humanos ou a nível administrativo e financeiro; Abstract: Contracts of autonomy in the management of grouping of schools in Portugal: An analysis based on the perception of the actors. At the end of the 70 the reform of public administration arises as a concern of governments. In the early 80s the adoption of the doctrine of the New Public Management, was one of the most important events for the public administration of the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development countries. The reform in Public Administration in Portugal began after the political and social rupture of 1974. In the beginning of 1986 Portugal joins the European Economic Community, which represented a greater economic openness and an increase in internal confidence of the population, shown by a progress in terms of implementation of many social rights, among others, in education. The modernization of public administration in the field of education began at the end of 1986 through the Basic Law of Education, leading to the decentralization of services, introducing therefore the concept of autonomy. Autonomy contracts in schools are management processes that do not influence their stakeholders in achieving the educational, administrative and management activities. This study shows the opinion of the various groups that form an establishment of Portuguese public education. According to the sample, the autonomy contracts don’t bring benefits or losses to schools, as far as educational practices and human resources are concerned, as well as on a financial and administrative level.
Resumo:
A través de la Comisión de Regionalización Interuniversitaria (CRI); representada por la Universidad Nacional (UNA); el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; la Universidad de Costa Rica y la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) se realizaron encuentros entre 2008 y 2009; con la participación de instituciones y actores sociales de la región Atlántica de Costa Rica; para dialogar sobre la situación actual de la infraestructura; la gestión de los puertos; la importancia social y económico de los puertos en el desarrollo de la región para fortalecer procesos de descentralización y crear agendas compartidas a fin de aprovechar las oportunidades que se abren en la región. Este documento presenta aportes sobre el contexto de la discusión y sobre los temas más relevantes que proponen los diferentes actores.AbstractThrough the Inter-University Committee on Regionalization (CRI); represented by the National University (UNA); the Technological Institute of Costa Rica; the University of Costa Rica and the Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) meetings were held between 2008 and 2009 with the participation of institutions and stakeholders in the Atlantic region of Costa Rica; to discuss the current state of infrastructure; port management; the social and economic importance of ports in the development of the region. It opened spaces for dialogue on the situation of the ports of Limon and the difficulties in strengthening decentralization and create shared agenda between different parts to take advantage of the opportunities available in the region. This paper presents contributions on the context of the discussion and the most relevant topics proposed by different actors.