Zum Kenntnisstand von Jugendlichen über gesundheitliche Beratungsangebote. Eine Bestandsaufnahme und ein Interventionsansatz

Obwohl eine Vielzahl von Institutionen zur Verfügung steht, an die Kinder und Jugendliche sich bei Schwierigkeiten und Problemen wenden können, bestehen häufig Informationsdefizite und Schwellenängste, die dazu beitragen, daß viele Betroffene keine hinreichende Unterstützung erhalten. In der vorliegenden Studie, an der 1225 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 10 bis 18 Jahren teilnahmen, erfolgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der gegenwärtig bestehenden Defizite und Hemmnisse, indem der Kenntnisstand zu institutionellen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und die möglichen Gründe, Unterstützungsangebote anzunehmen bzw. nicht anzunehmen, erfragt wurden. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der Bestandsaufnahme wird ein Interventionskonzept entwickelt, das dem Abbau von Informationsdefiziten und Schwellenängsten dient und damit die Akzeptanz bestehender Beratungsangebote erhöhen soll. (DIPF/Orig.)

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

Endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant-herbivore interactions. Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion, Allium cepa L., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. However, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. We tested the colonization of onion plants by selected fungal endophyte isolates using two inoculation methods. The effects of inoculated endophytes on T. tabaci infesting onion were also examined. Seven fungal endophytes used in our study were able to colonize onion plants either by the seed or seedling inoculation methods. Seed inoculation resulted in 1.47 times higher mean percentage post-inoculation recovery of all the endophytes tested as compared to seedling inoculation. Fewer thrips were observed on plants inoculated with Clonostachys rosea ICIPE 707, Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4, Trichoderma atroviride ICIPE 710, Trichoderma harzianum 709, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Fusarium sp. ICIPE 712 isolates as compared to those inoculated with Fusarium sp. ICIPE 717 and the control treatments. Onion plants colonized by C. rosea ICIPE 707, T. asperellum M2RT4, T. atroviride ICIPE 710 and H. lixii F3ST1 had significantly lower feeding punctures as compared to the other treatments. Among the isolates tested, the lowest numbers of eggs were laid by T. tabaci on H. lixii F3ST1 and C. rosea ICIPE 707 inoculated plants. These results extend the knowledge on colonization of onions by fungal endophytes and their effects on Thrips tabaci.

Wind Farm Facilities in Germany Kill Noctule Bats from Near and Far

Over recent years, it became widely accepted that alternative, renewable energy may come at some risk for wildlife, for example, when wind turbines cause large numbers of bat fatalities. To better assess likely populations effects of wind turbine related wildlife fatalities, we studied the geographical origin of the most common bat species found dead below German wind turbines, the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula). We measured stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen in fur keratin to separate migrants from local individuals, used a linear mixed-effects model to identify temporal, spatial and biological factors explaining the variance in measured stable isotope ratios and determined the geographical breeding provenance of killed migrants using isoscape origin models. We found that 72% of noctule bat casualties (n = 136) were of local origin, while 28% were long-distance migrants. These findings highlight that bat fatalities at German wind turbines may affect both local and distant populations. Our results indicated a sex and age-specific vulnerability of bats towards lethal accidents at turbines, i.e. a relatively high proportion of killed females were recorded among migratory individuals, whereas more juveniles than adults were recorded among killed bats of local origin. Migratory noctule bats were found to originate from distant populations in the Northeastern parts of Europe. The large catchment areas of German wind turbines and high vulnerability of female and juvenile noctule bats call for immediate action to reduce the negative cross-boundary effects of bat fatalities at wind turbines on local and distant populations. Further, our study highlights the importance of implementing effective mitigation measures and developing species and scale-specific conservation approaches on both national and international levels to protect source populations of bats. The efficacy of local compensatory measures appears doubtful, at least for migrant noctule bats, considering the large geographical catchment areas of German wind turbines for this species.

Werner Thole / Davina Höblich / Sarina Ahmed (Hrsg.): Taschenwörterbuch Soziale Arbeit. Bad Heilbrunn / Stuttgart: Klinkhardt UTB 2012 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Werner Thole / Davina Höblich / Sarina Ahmed (Hrsg.): Taschenwörterbuch Soziale Arbeit, Bad Heilbrunn / Stuttgart: Klinkhardt UTB 2012 (320 S.; ISBN 978-3-8525-3655-7)

Generation and Characterisation of a Canine EGFP-HMGA2 Prostate Cancer In Vitro Model

The architectural transcription factor HMGA2 is abundantly expressed during embryonic development. In several malignant neoplasias including prostate cancer, high re-expression of HMGA2 is correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The let-7 miRNA family is described to regulate HMGA2 negatively. The balance of let-7 and HMGA2 is discussed to play a major role in tumour aetiology. To further analyse the role of HMGA2 in prostate cancer a stable and highly reproducible in vitro model system is precondition. Herein we established a canine CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 prostate cancer cell line stably overexpressing HMGA2 linked to EGFP and in addition the reference cell line CT1258-EGFP expressing solely EGFP to exclude EGFP-induced effects. Both recombinant cell lines were characterised by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The proliferative effect of ectopically overexpressed HMGA2 was determined via BrdU assays. Comparative karyotyping of the derived and the initial CT1258 cell lines was performed to analyse chromosome consistency. The impact of the ectopic HMGA2 expression on its regulator let-7a was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemistry detected successful expression of the EGFP-HMGA2 fusion protein exclusively accumulating in the nucleus. Gene expression analyses confirmed HMGA2 overexpression in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 in comparison to CT1258-EGFP and native cells. Significantly higher let-7a expression levels were found in CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 and CT1258-EGFP. The BrdU assays detected an increased proliferation of CT1258-HMGA2-EGFP cells compared to CT1258-EGFP and native CT1258. The cytogenetic analyses of CT1258-EGFP and CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 resulted in a comparable hyperdiploid karyotype as described for native CT1258 cells. To further investigate the impact of recombinant overexpressed HMGA2 on CT1258 cells, other selected targets described to underlie HMGA2 regulation were screened in addition. The new fluorescent CT1258-EGFP-HMGA2 cell line is a stable tool enabling in vitro and in vivo analyses of the HMGA2-mediated effects on cells and the development and pathogenesis of prostate cancer.

Bettina Amrhein: Inklusion in der Sekundarstufe, Eine empirische Analyse. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Bettina Amrhein: Inklusion in der Sekundarstufe, Eine empirische Analyse, Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 (318 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-1826-1)

Kay Biesel: Wenn Jugendämter scheitern, Zum Umgang mit Fehlern im Kinderschutz. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Kay Biesel: Wenn Jugendämter scheitern, Zum Umgang mit Fehlern im Kinderschutz, Bielefeld: transcript Verlag 2011 (333 S.; ISBN 978-3-8376-1892-1)

Do Editorial Policies Support Ethical Research? A Thematic Text Analysis of Author Instructions in Psychiatry Journals

Introduction: According to the Declaration of Helsinki and other guidelines, clinical studies should be approved by a research ethics committee and seek valid informed consent from the participants. Editors of medical journals are encouraged by the ICMJE and COPE to include requirements for these principles in the journal's instructions for authors. This study assessed the editorial policies of psychiatry journals regarding ethics review and informed consent. Methods and Findings: The information given on ethics review and informed consent and the mentioning of the ICMJE and COPE recommendations were assessed within author's instructions and online submission procedures of all 123 eligible psychiatry journals. While 54% and 58% of editorial policies required ethics review and informed consent, only 14% and 19% demanded the reporting of these issues in the manuscript. The TOP-10 psychiatry journals (ranked by impact factor) performed similarly in this regard. Conclusions: Only every second psychiatry journal adheres to the ICMJE's recommendation to inform authors about requirements for informed consent and ethics review. Furthermore, we argue that even the ICMJE's recommendations in this regard are insufficient, at least for ethically challenging clinical trials. At the same time, ideal scientific design sometimes even needs to be compromised for ethical reasons. We suggest that features of clinical studies that make them morally controversial, but not necessarily unethical, are analogous to methodological limitations and should thus be reported explicitly. Editorial policies as well as reporting guidelines such as CONSORT should be extended to support a meaningful reporting of ethical research.

Effects of Soil Organic Matter Properties and Microbial Community Composition on Enzyme Activities in Cryoturbated Arctic Soils

Enzyme-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled, amongst other factors, by organic matter properties and by the microbial decomposer community present. Since microbial community composition and SOM properties are often interrelated and both change with soil depth, the drivers of enzymatic decomposition are hard to dissect. We investigated soils from three regions in the Siberian Arctic, where carbon rich topsoil material has been incorporated into the subsoil (cryoturbation). We took advantage of this subduction to test if SOM properties shape microbial community composition, and to identify controls of both on enzyme activities. We found that microbial community composition (estimated by phospholipid fatty acid analysis), was similar in cryoturbated material and in surrounding subsoil, although carbon and nitrogen contents were similar in cryoturbated material and topsoils. This suggests that the microbial community in cryoturbated material was not well adapted to SOM properties. We also measured three potential enzyme activities (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-amino-peptidase and phenoloxidase) and used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify direct and indirect drivers of the three enzyme activities. The models included microbial community composition, carbon and nitrogen contents, clay content, water content, and pH. Models for regular horizons, excluding cryoturbated material, showed that all enzyme activities were mainly controlled by carbon or nitrogen. Microbial community composition had no effect. In contrast, models for cryoturbated material showed that enzyme activities were also related to microbial community composition. The additional control of microbial community composition could have restrained enzyme activities and furthermore decomposition in general. The functional decoupling of SOM properties and microbial community composition might thus be one of the reasons for low decomposition rates and the persistence of 400 Gt carbon stored in cryoturbated material.

Buholzer, Alois / Joller-Graf Klaus / Kummer Wyss, Annemarie / Zobrist, Bruno (Hrsg.): Kompetenzprofil zum Umgang mit heterogenen Lerngruppen. Wien, Zürich, Berlin, Münster: LIT Verlag 2012 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Buholzer, Alois / Joller-Graf Klaus / Kummer Wyss, Annemarie / Zobrist, Bruno (Hrsg.): Kompetenzprofil zum Umgang mit heterogenen Lerngruppen, Wien, Zürich, Berlin, Münster: LIT Verlag 2012 (77 S.; ISBN 978-3-643-80084-8)

Peter Dehnbostel: Betriebliche Bildungsarbeit, Kompetenzbasierte Aus- und Weiterbildung im Betrieb. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren 2010 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Peter Dehnbostel: Betriebliche Bildungsarbeit, Kompetenzbasierte Aus- und Weiterbildung im Betrieb, Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren 2010 (146 S.; ISBN 978-3-8340-0699-8)

Transcriptome-Wide Mapping of Pea Seed Ageing Reveals a Pivotal Role for Genes Related to Oxidative Stress and Programmed Cell Death

Understanding of seed ageing, which leads to viability loss during storage, is vital for ex situ plant conservation and agriculture alike. Yet the potential for regulation at the transcriptional level has not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the relationship between seed viability, gene expression and glutathione redox status during artificial ageing of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Transcriptome-wide analysis using microarrays was complemented with qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes and a multilevel analysis of the antioxidant glutathione. Partial degradation of DNA and RNA occurred from the onset of artificial ageing at 60% RH and 50 degrees C, and transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination were altered prior to any sign of viability loss. After 25 days of ageing viability started to decline in conjunction with progressively oxidising cellular conditions, as indicated by a shift of the glutathione redox state towards more positive values (>-190 mV). The unravelling of the molecular basis of seed ageing revealed that transcriptome reprogramming is a key component of the ageing process, which influences the progression of programmed cell death and decline in antioxidant capacity that ultimately lead to seed viability loss.

Wolfgang Einsiedler (Hrsg.): Unterrichtsentwicklung und Didaktische Entwicklungsforschung. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Wolfgang Einsiedler (Hrsg.): Unterrichtsentwicklung und Didaktische Entwicklungsforschung, Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 (184 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-1794-3)

Cell- and Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of Medicago truncatula Root Nodules

Legumes have the unique ability to host nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria as symbiosomes inside root nodule cells. To get insight into this key process, which forms the heart of the endosymbiosis, we isolated specific cells/tissues at different stages of symbiosome formation from nodules of the model legume Medicago truncatula using laser-capture microdissection. Next, we determined their associated expression profiles using Affymetrix Medicago GeneChips. Cells were collected from the nodule infection zone divided into a distal (where symbiosome formation and division occur) and proximal region (where symbiosomes are mainly differentiating), as well as infected cells from the fixation zone containing mature nitrogen fixing symbiosomes. As non-infected cells/tissue we included nodule meristem cells and uninfected cells from the fixation zone. Here, we present a comprehensive gene expression map of an indeterminate Medicago nodule and selected genes that show specific enriched expression in the different cells or tissues. Validation of the obtained expression profiles, by comparison to published gene expression profiles and experimental verification, indicates that the data can be used as digital "in situ''. This digital "in situ'' offers a genome-wide insight into genes specifically associated with subsequent stages of symbiosome and nodule cell development, and can serve to guide future functional studies.

Miriam Hellrung: Lehrerhandeln im individualisierten Unterricht, Entwicklungsaufgaben und ihre Bewältigung. Opladen / Farmington Hills: Verlag Barbara Budrich 2010 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Miriam Hellrung: Lehrerhandeln im individualisierten Unterricht, Entwicklungsaufgaben und ihre Bewältigung, Opladen / Farmington Hills: Verlag Barbara Budrich 2010 (276 S.; ISBN 978-3-86649-338-4)