Inconstitucionalidade por omissão. Consultas directas aos cidadãos a nível local: Acordão nº 36/90 do Tribunal Constitucional

In, revista "O Direito", Ano 122, II (Abril-Junho) 1990

Epidemiology of malaria in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre, Brazil, in 2010: uses of a control chart at the local level

INTRODUCTION: This study describes the uses of a control chart in the malaria surveillance at the local level, signaling whether there is a need to intensify or adapt control measures. METHODS: The districts of Cruzeiro do Sul (n=14), State of Acre, Brazil, were classified into three groups: I) those with an incidence lower than expected; II) those with an incidence within the expected range; and III) those with an epidemic. RESULTS: Thirteen of the fourteen districts had outbreaks of malaria at some point in 2010, and six districts showed persistent malaria epidemic throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS: The control chart may help the malaria control at the local level.

Marketing, Sustentabilidade e Desenvolvimento Local

O objectivo deste Trabalho de Projecto é criar um plano de comunicação para a futura empresa Chousa Grande, com enfoque no lançamento do seu Queijo de Cabra “Chousa Grande Gourmet”. Mais do que um produto de qualidade premium, a marca Chousa Grande tem subjacente os valores de desenvolvimento local, sustentabilidade e preservação ambiental, concentrados num projecto ambicioso, da autoria de dois jovens naturais da aldeia de Chãos, que, com a construção de uma queijaria tradicional, pretendem revitalizar a actividade pastorícia e torná-la economicamente sustentável, assim como a outras actividades económicas relacionadas. Para tal, enquadramos as temáticas do marketing, sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento local, três dos pilares fundamentais que suportam o projecto e que, estrategicamente conjugados, posicionam a marca de acordo com as principais tendências dos consumidores actualmente identificadas. Assim, as acções de comunicação também devem espelhar os valores defendidos neste projecto. A estratégia assenta, portanto, na aposta em ferramentas de comunicação que não impliquem investimentos demasiado avultados, como a assessoria de imprensa, as relações públicas, os novos meios, a força de vendas e a promoção, mas que demonstrem ser igualmente eficazes a transmitir as mensagens ao público-alvo e a tornar a marca reconhecida.

Efeito de background local e assinatura geoquímica de anomalias naturais em sedimentos de corrente e solos – aplicação à área envolvente do jazigo de urânio (Nisa, Portugal)

Na região de Nisa, concelho de Portalegre, situa-se um dos maiores e mais relevantes jazigos de urânio alguma vez descoberto em território nacional. Trata-se de um jazigo ainda inexplorado que encerra um potencial estimado em cerca de 32 milhões de toneladas de minério tal qual. Este jazigo ocorre à superfície e encontra-se em contexto metassedimentar embutido em xistos mosqueados, pertencentes ao Grupo das Beiras, nas proximidades do contacto com o granito do Maciço de Nisa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar de forma qualitativa e quantitativa a dispersão geoquímica provocada por processos naturais de erosão e de transporte hidrogravítico na envolvente à anomalia geoquímica natural localmente induzida por este jazigo. Para o efeito estabeleceu-se uma metodologia com as seguintes etapas principais: (1) georreferenciação em SIG de elementos de cartografia; (2) planeamento e elaboração do plano de amostragem; (3) recolha e tratamento de amostras de solos e sedimentos; (4) ensaios não destrutivos de medição de radiação gama por SPP2 e determinações analíticas por XRF; (5) análise exploratória e tratamento estatístico de dados e análise espacial; (6) análise de resultados; (7) definição de teores geoquímicos de fundo local. As amostras de sedimentos foram retiradas de uma ribeira que intersecta a área da anomalia e alimenta uma barragem local de enrocamento; as amostras de solos foram retiradas de linhas de amostragem perpendiculares à ribeira. As determinações analíticas registaram os teores em diversos metais, como o urânio, crómio, molibdénio, nióbio, vanádio e zinco e do semimetal arsénio. Com exceção do zinco, os resultados evidenciam que as concentrações naturais nestes metais no local onde se localiza uma importante jazida de minérios de urânio são muito elevados, e quando comparados com os valores standard da norma Canadiana mostram poder existir risco para a saúde se não forem limitados os usos do local.

Prostate innervation and local anesthesia in prostate procedures

The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes to successful administration of local anesthesia. However, the exact anatomy of extrinsic neuronal cell bodies of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the prostate is not clear, except in other animals. Branches of pelvic ganglia composed of pelvic (parasympathetic) and hypogastric (sympathetic) nerves innervate the prostate. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the growth, maturation, and secretory function of this gland. Prostate procedures under local anesthesia, such as transurethral prostatic resections or transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, are safe, simple, and effective. Local anesthesia can be feasible for many special conditions including uncomplicated prostate surgery and may be particularly useful for the high-risk group of patients for whom inhalation or spinal anesthesia is inadvisable.

Local Rainfall Variability - A Potential Bias for Bioecological Studies in the Central Amazon

Rainfall data registered betwe en 1910 and 1979 at Manaus confirm the existence of a dry season between June and November (monthly rainfall: 42-162mm) and a rainy season from December until May (monthly rainfall: 211-300mm). Annual precipitation amounted to 2105mm with about 75% of the rainfall recorded during the rainy season. Rainfall data collected over 12 months at eigth stations in the vicinity of and at Manaus are compared. Annual precipitation was lower in Inundation Regions (1150-2150mm) compared with Dryland Regions (2400-2550mm). Considerable differences are found in rainfall patterns (intensity, frequency and time of rainfall). This is also truefor neighbouring stations, even if data of a 11-year record period are compared. Thus, it is highly recommended that preciptation data for bioecological studies be collected at the study site.

O "Programa Flora" do Brasil - historia e situação atual

Apanhado histórico do PROGRAMA FLORA do Brasil, contendo as razões que levaram o CHPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico) a criá-lo, e a situação atual desse projeto. São as seguintes as funções básicas do PROGRAMA FLORA: a) pesquisa fundamental sobre a vegetação e a flora silvestres do Brasil; b) organização de centros de excelência em Botânica em cada Estado e Território do país, especificamente para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre os recursos vegetais silvestres da respectiva região, aqui incluindo a formação de novos botânicos e técnicos auxiliares, em todos os níveis; e c) desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação relacionados ao conhecimento dos recursos vegetais silvestres do Brasil, especialmente a criação e manutenção de bancos de dados com informações as mais completas possíveis sobre esses recursos. Depois de oito anos de funcionamento, e devido à falta de interesse das autoridades competentes, o PROGRAMA FLORA foi implantado em apenas 10 dos 26 Estados e Territórios do Brasil e está, no momento, quase desativado, esperando que o novo governo o reanime, criando núcleos nas demais áreas do pais e continuando a cumprir o projeto inicial, Enquanto o FLORA estava funcionando, ainda que com apenas Ínfimo auxílio governamental, ele proporcionou a contratação de 52 botânicos iniciantes que, sob a orientação de botânicos experimentados, deram grande impulso no estudo das flores de cada região. Os herbários que sediaram núcleos do FLORA foram modernizados, sendo que alguma, como os da Amazônia e do Nordeste, tiveram [zm apenas 5 anos) seus acervos duplicados ou mesmo triplicados. Vários dos botânicos iniciantes ingressaram em cursos de pos-graduação, sendo que alguns já receberam o grau de Mestre e já estão caminhando para a obtenção do grau de Doutor. Na área da Informática, dois técnicos brasileiros foram enviados aos EE.UU., para estágio visando à formação e tratamento de bancas de dados especificamente para o PROGRAMA FLORA. Posteriormente, dois professores norteamericanos vieram ao Brasil, trazendo sistemas de processamento de dados especificamente montados para uso em Botânica Sistemática. Tais sistemas foram implantados no CPD do Centro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CEPF), do CNPq, no Rio de Janeiro. Foram preenchidos mais de 400.000 formulários de coleta de dados nos herbários dos núcleos do FLORA. O SERPRO (Serviço federal de Processamento de Dados) providenciou a digitação dos dados dos formulários, produziu os arquivos, em fitas magnéticas, e o CPD do CBPF organizou e está mantendo o Banco de Dados referente às informações contidas nos herbários levantados.Estes dados dão uma idéia do que poderíamos esperar do PROGRAMA FLORA, se a este tivessem tido dados os indispensáveis recursos e tivesse sido cumprido o programa de ação inicialmente proposto. É, realmente, uma grande pena que as autoridades competentes tenham decidido desativar o PROGRAMA FLORA, justamente quando ele estava precisando ser fortalecido nos núcleos já implantados, e ter novos núcleos criados, cobrindo todo o território do Brasil.

Local diversity of tropical and temperature ant faunas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Qualitative and quantitative collections of ants made in the region of Manaus, Brazil (evergreen tropical humid forest), and in western North Carolina, USA (deciduous temperate/wet forest), were undertaken to investigate. latitudinal patterns of ant diversity and community organization on regional and local scales. We have found to date 307 ant species in the Municipality of Manaus. Totals ranging from 134 to 270+ species have been reported in the literature for other tropical regions of less than 10,000km2. In contrast, temperate ant surveys generally report only SO to 150 species in similar or larger areas. Sampling at sardine baits set 10m apart on square grids, we found forest ecosystems near Manaus to be much richer and more diverse in ants than those sampled in North Carolina: 28 species vs. 5-10 species in 50 collections and 16 vs. 3 previously unrecorded species discovered with each doubling of sample size. Room's (1975a) results from climatically simllar Papua New Guinea forest agree closely with those from Manaus. We suggest that one important factor contributing to the increased diversity of tropical, omnivorous ants may be greater variety of nest sites available for specialization.

A videovigilância no local de trabalho

The emergence of new technologies has introduced significant changes in the citizens life’s. There is a constant evolution of technological means and profound impact of their use in the habits of life of the human being. These new technological media are important tools in labor relations. The working and businesses worlds are increasingly turning to these new technologies, so that the use of video surveillance in the workplace is nowadays common. New technologies in general and the use of video surveillance in workplace in particular are providing ways to allow control of the work performance that are desired by most employers. However, the collection of images in the workplace often collides with the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers, in particular, with the right to privacy. The subject concerns the question of investigating is whether the images collected in workplace can be used as evidence in disciplinary proceedings. In fact, this issue is controversial. Doctrine and jurisprudence defend, at least, two responses for the same question. Those who understand that the evidence may be admitted for not violate any right of the worker, and others who argue that the evidence should not be admitted in disciplinary office. In the Portuguese legal system, there is, even, a new intermediate theory that begins to be defended, that only on certain occasions the evidence may be admitted. The solution to this problem involves the study of employment law and data video surveillance processing. Analysis of workers fundamental rights is fundamental to come to a grounded conclusion.

Young adult Brazilian beauty consumers perception of Lancôme and the effectiveness of social media relationhips with local celebrities on their purchase intention

The aim of this research is to evaluate if a premium beauty brand, in this case, Lancôme, can influence positively the purchase intention from Brazilian young adults, between 18 and 29 years old, consumers of beauty products, by initiating a relationship with a local celebrity or “it” girl on social media. This hypothesis has not been tested, and this research is a first attempt of evaluating it. Additionally, the consumer behavior, brand preferences and social media activeness of this age segment in Brazil are further studied as important insights for beauty brands to conquer these consumers. Results did not confirm the positive influence of local celebrities on this age segment’s purchase intention but several suggestions are made for future research to revisit this topic. Furthermore, there is a significant brand love for M.A.C., an international Lancôme competitor, amongst this target, as well as a probable price sensitivity facing premium beauty brands.

The enchained potential of the local food market

There is a rising demand for local food which traveled only short distances and is marketed directly by the producer. With growing importance of local food also the amount of literature in this field increased. Yet, literature is lacking to examine the challenges and burdens consumers face while trying to purchase local food. Evidence is shown that a gap exists between the intention of consumers who would like to purchase local food and their actual behavior. However, reasons for this gap are only discovered as byproducts of other research objectives. Consequently, this study investigates the specific reasons for the intention-behavior gap of consumers in the local food market. The study makes use of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with rural and urban respondents. The interviews are analyzed by qualitative content analysis based on Elo and Kyngäs (2008). Revealed key drivers for the intention-behavior gap are (1) the lack of awareness where to purchase local food products, (2) the limited reachability of local food producers, (3) the assortment of the local producer in regard to size and composition and (4) the lack in transparency of the prices of local food. Consequently, it is the producers turn to eliminate the revealed barriers by proactively bringing their products closer to the consumer.

Seismic-resistant building practices resulting from local seismic culture

Considering that vernacular architecture may bear important lessons on hazard mitigation, this chapter focuses on the European Mediterranean countries and studies traditional seismic-resistant architectural elements and techniques that local populations developed to prevent or repair earthquake damage. This area was selected as a case study because, as a highly seismic region, it has suffered the effect of many earthquakes along the history and, thus, regions within this area are prone to have developed a Local Seismic Culture. After reviewing seismic resistant construction concepts, a wide range of traditional construction solutions that, in many cases, have shown to improve the seismic performance of vernacular constructions of these regions is presented, as a contribution to the general overview of retrofitting building systems provided in this book. The main motivation is that most of these techniques can be successfully applied to preserve and to retrofit surviving examples without prejudice for their identity.

Local seismic cultures: the use of timber frame structures in the south of Portugal

Given the fact that using timber frame structures has proven to improve the seismic behavior of vernacular architecture, as has been reported in past earthquakes in many countries, its preservation as a traditional earthquake resistant practice is important. This paper firstly intends to evaluate whether the use of timber frames as a traditional seismic resistant technique for vernacular architecture in the South of Portugal, traditionally a seismic region, is still active. Secondly, the city of Vila Real de Santo António was selected as a case study because it also followed a Pombaline development contemporary to the reconstruction of Lisbon. The plan included the provision of timber frame partition walls for some of the buildings and, thus, an overview of the type of constructions originally conceived is provided. Finally, the alterations done in the original constructions and the current state of the city center are described and the effect of these changes on the seismic vulnerability of the city is discussed.

Heliconia acuminata reproductive success is independent of local floral density

Reproductive plants in tropical forests are patchily distributed, with some in large aggregations of reproductive consepecifics while others are relatively isolated. This variation in floral density is hypothesized to have a major effect on plant reproductive success, since individuals in higher density neighborhoods can attract more or higher quality pollinators. We experimentally tested this hypothesis with populations of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata in central Amazonia. We created replicated plots in which reproductive plant density spanned the range of naturally occurring floral neighborhood size, then measured three surrogates of plant fitness in focal plants in each array. There was no significant difference between any of the three floral neighborhood treatments in total seed production, fruit set, or the number of seeds produced per fruit. Pollinator visitation rates to plants in all treatments were extremely low, with many plants not visited at all during the observation period. This could be because H. acuminata's hummingbird pollinators are unable to find the widely scattered reproductive plants, however this hypothesis appears unlikely. Instead, natural flowering plant densities may simply be below the threshold value at which neighborhood effects become important, even in "high-density" aggregations. Nutrient limitation, selective fruit abortion, and reproduction via male rather than female function may also be playing a role. We argue the absence of neighborhood effects may be a general phenomenon in central Amazonian forests, though additional experiments with other plant-pollinator systems are needed to determine the extent to which this hypothesis is supported.