Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

Reestruturação produtiva na Petrobrás e ação sindical dos petroleiros do RN

Ce travail a l objectif d analyser la question de la restructuration productive dans la Petrobrás/ RN et les implications possibles sur l action syndicale du Sindipetro/RN pendant la période 1995 2003. La restructuration productive dans la Petrobrás/RN commence dans la décennie 1990 quand l entreprise, au niveau national, décide d adhérer au Programa Brasileiro de Qualidade e Produtividade PBQP lancé par le gouvernement Collor comme motivation et priorité pour que les entreprises s adaptent à l ouverture de l économie brésilienne au marché extérieur. De ce fait, la Petrobrás/RN afin de se maintenir dans le marché compétitif et mondialisé , adopte des techniques administratives basées sur la philosophie de la qualité totate, met au point des inovations technologiques et organisationnelles, tout en altérant sa base technique et adopte, encore, la tertiairisation de quelques activités visant à la reduction des coûts. De telles mesures ont atteint de façon remarquable l action du Sindipetro/RN qui commence alors à agir selon la logique de la politique néo-libérale du gouvernement de conduite anti-syndicale. Face à ces faits le syndicat a rédéfini ses actions dans le but de trouver des manières de poursuivre les luttes syndicales dans cette conjoncture de difficultés dans les relations de travail. Celui-ci s engage donc à entamer les négociations comme stratégie afin de préserver les privilèges de la catégorie et d éviter la perte des droits acquis

Violência Sexual Infanto-Juvenil em Natal: uma avaliação do Programa Sentinela

Analyze the problem of sexual violence suffered by children and adolescents in the city of Natal / Rio Grande do Norte (RN), attended by the Programa Sentinela, a service aimed at combating sexual violence children and teenagers who serves on the council of Natal. Thus aims to review the implementation of the Programa Sentinela in Natal / RN, in the period 2001 to 2006, verifying that the program has contributed to the access of children and adolescents who are victims of abuse and sexual exploitation to fundamental rights under the Statute Children and adolescents (ECA) and the Local Plan and the National gainst Infanto-Youth Sexual Violence. It has a theoretical and methodological approach quantitative and qualitative, covering the issue of sexual violence against children and adolescents, as one of the expressions of economic relationships, gender, race and culture that make up the material and symbolic structure of society. It methodological procedure: review of literature on the subject and conducting interviews with professionals and families of children and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Investigate as the unit of analysis the Sentinel Program. The analysis on the governmental actions of this period on this social problem points to the continuity and little change in the care of victims of sexual violence: despite maintain features and palliative assistencialistas, favoring the "Network of Sexual Tourism", go through some innovations in terms of securing rights from the ECA, which is the need for transparency and democratization in the management of government policies. In research undertaken, Brazil will only be combating this type of crime when each of the social actors are actually doing their share, down taboos, facing corruption and strengthening a system of guarantee of rights, which target children and adolescents are unprotected, and often ignored by Brazilian society

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

Cidade-paisagem : novas perspectivas sobre a preservação da paisagem urbana no Brasil

The edification of the landscape in the scientific and social field, in speech as in the method, is taken in this study as a complex process, from which were developed relationships of dominance on the perception of space, which persist strongly consolidated, since the genesis of the conceptual practice till its actual praxis. Historically, the landscape studies took place slowly, immersed in many questions, in face of the multiplicity of meanings that the concept offers. In the psyche, the notion of landscape is present since a long time ago, as an unconscious human being practice, even before any ideological hypothesis formulation. However its materialization in the social conscious will come only from painting, and specially with the perspective, through the technicity of the view, at first wandering the infinity, now ordained in a frame‟. Since then, the landscape is perceived according to the order of the view, as the equivalent of nature and beauty, assuming at the same time, an important symbolic value, since it is linked to mnemonic and subjective processes that the being build with the territory. The domain on this space-cognitive experience, characteristic of the contemporary, consolidates in the social imaginary, building consensus on the landscape, whose aesthetic references make a cultural appeal, very pertinent to the actual capitalist dynamics of production the space worldwide, mainly of the spectacle and commodification of cities promoted by the city marketing. In Brazil, this consensual ideology of the landscape surpass the social imaginary and also dominates the political imaginary, whereas the main instrument for preserving the landscape, Decree-law 25, from November 30, 1937, and its limit to those of exceptional value or remarkable feature. The analysis of the processes for putting under governmental trust for inscription of goods by the landscape value, reveals the dominant, if not exclusive, adoption of selection criteria related to aesthetic aspects. Abstain, therefore, from what the nation considers patrimony , other landscapes that, besides not having, at first, remarkable aesthetic value, play a crucial role as an inheritance from ancestor relations between man and space and pre- existing condition for the same present and future relations. From this historical background, the research seeks to transfer into contemporaneity, the ideological analysis of the concept and its relation with the building of the landscape in the collective imaginary, in order to recognize, in current practices to landscape preservation, as much this genesis, rooted in aesthetics, remains strongly consolidated, feeding the current dynamics of consumption and commodification of the city. Therefore, as preliminary conclusion, one can state that the identification of landscapes of different value, especially aesthetic, maintains and intensify the treatment of the city as an object, a standard‟ commodity to be sold / traded on the world market, in detriment of its recognition as a dynamic process that, even though inserted in the global context, develops specificifities and peculiarities, inherent to the production of space, as Lefebvre preconizes, that is, to the production of life, social product , as characteristic, dissent generator

Da Cidade da Ribeira Grande à Cidade Velha em Cabo Verde Análise Histórico-Formal do Espaço Urbano Séc. XV – Séc. XVIII

As motivações que levaram à realização deste intitulado Da Cidade da Ribeira Grande à Cidade Velha em Cabo Verde Análise Histórico-Formal do Espaço Urbano (Sec. XV - Sec. XVIII), está relacionado com algumas características específicas do núcleo em causa. O próprio título do trabalho revela, de certo modo, a transformação sofrida pelos espaços da antiguidade da Ribeira Grande em Cabo Verde, que depois de ter sido a capital do arquipélago foi abandonada e passou a designar-se “Cidade Velha”. Apesar disso, a Ribeira Grande é uma cidade referenciada no universo urbanístico português, embora a dimensão do seu significado supere a própria dimensão física do núcleo. Foi a primeira cidade a ser construída pelos portugueses nos trópicos, ou talvez a única da época se, por conveniência nossa, não incluirmos no nosso conceito as praças fortificadas do norte de África ou a “cidade fortificação” de S. Jorge da Mina. É importante também pelas características específicas da sua localização e do seu espaço urbano. Ao contrário das suas congéneres no continente africano, foi uma cidade aberta, fundada com intuito de fixação e colonização do território. Com efeito, talvez tenha sido uma comunidade efémera. Mas, no seu curto espaço de vida, soube representar o papel que lhe coube.

O papel do espaço público na estruturação do tecido urbano. O caso de Tira Chapéu – Cidade da Praia

O presente estudo diz respeito à temática da reabilitação do espaço público urbano, sobretudo nos bairros espontâneos da periferia da cidade da Praia e visa, por um lado, conhecer as estratégias de intervenção no espaço púbico e, por outro, identificar as necessidades do bairro de Tira Chapéu, em matéria de espaço público, bem como a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção no tecido urbano do referido bairro. Tentamos demonstrar, com este estudo, que a ausência de estratégia de criação e actuação no espaço público urbano potencia a segregação sócio-espacial do território e influi negativamente na qualidade de vida urbana. Uma das consequências do processo de crescimento espontâneo é a degradação urbana e ambiental dos espaços públicos, que se tornam perigosos, poluídos e sem vitalidade, afectando a interacção entre os habitantes da cidade e agravando a qualidade de vida urbana. Na cidade, os problemas ambientais são sentidos directamente pelo cidadão transeunte, designadamente, os da poluição atmosférica e sonora, causada pelo intenso trânsito automóvel; a falta de espaços públicos de qualidade e de zonas de lazer; etc. E, constituindo, a cidade, um pólo de atracção permanente, a questão de se ter espaços públicos de boa qualidade e elevado nível de atractividade, não pode ser descurada, justificando-se, assim, uma intervenção que proteja e valorize os aspectos urbanos e ambientais daquela, de uma forma integrada, no contexto de uma visão estratégica de desenvolvimento sustentado. Deste modo, os espaços públicos urbanos podem desempenhar um papel preponderante na qualidade de vida nas cidades, seja ao nível urbanístico e ambiental, seja ao nível das relações sociais entre os seus habitantes.

Aproveitar a vida : um estudo antropológico sobre valores, juventude e gravidez em uma cidade do interior

A Tese se insere no campo de discussão atual sobre as conseqüências da gravidez durante a adolescência e juventude. Os números de fecundidade colaboraram para que a gravidez juvenil se tornasse mais evidente e ganhasse espaço de debate na academia, instituições de saúde e mídia. Nestes locais, a pesquisa e a avaliação desse ‘fenômeno’ – mais freqüente nos segmentos populares – têm proporcionado ratificações e relativizações importantes sobre o comportamento afetivo-sexual dos jovens, na modernidade. No âmbito das Ciências Sociais, o processo de socialização, em que gerações de uma mesma família convivem lado-a-lado, aponta para diferenças entre gênero, idéias e práticas possibilitando uma compreensão mais ampla da ocorrência da gravidez juvenil. As hierarquias de valores e visões de mundo dos universos simbólicos e materiais constituíram-se em um prisma analítico fundamental na Tese, a qual considerou as trajetórias de 23 jovens (de 18-19 anos) e de 10 mães de segmentos populares e médios da cidade de Pelotas (RS). Os dados empíricos indicam peculiaridades significativas no controle social exercido pelos pais e no comportamento das filhas nos universos analisados. As necessidades de emancipação e de autonomia juvenil geram tensões familiares, quando não estão em acordo com certos encaminhamentos idealizados pelo grupo familiar (fugindo de uma ordem de comportamentos e acontecimentos). De modo geral, a trajetória escolar-profissional é pressuposta como a primeira a ser priorizada; uma função juvenil a ser cumprida, dela dependerá a independência econômica e a autonomia para ajudar a transformar um jovem em um adulto – a construir-se como uma pessoa individualizada. Porém, esta é uma tarefa mais árdua para o segmento popular, à medida que é exigida da população uma extensão da escolarização para inserção e manutenção no mercado de trabalho. Na escala das ocorrências esperadas na vida das jovens tem-se, em segundo momento, a realização familiar-conjugal. A gravidez na juventude é encarada pelos pais como uma interrupção no processo de crescimento e de individualização. Rearranjos familiares são exigidos e questionamentos sobre os sentimentos, as relações parentais, a juventude (o que é ser/estar jovem, como sê-lo, o que fazer) e valores contemporâneos vêm à tona. As narrativas maternas e juvenis demonstraram que muito das apreciações e censuras alocadas na gravidez juvenil estavam vinculadas às representações e concepções sobre como um indivíduo deve aproveitar sua juventude; sendo assim, a gravidez se consagra como o extremo oposto das expectativas parentais, sociais e, em muitos casos, das jovens.

O coração e o dragão: perspectivas da vida urbana em uma cidade fragmentada

This research aims to study dimensions of urban life in the contemporaneous city. It is an effort to understand the functioning of the contemporary city as an artifact that somehow affects social relations. The study focuses on the limits and possibilities of urbanity in the city today, understanding urbanity as a set of factors that favor wealth, diversity and spontaneity of public life. The research aims to show that cities today tend to criate fragmented urban life into at least one of the three urbanity dimensions: spatial dimension, social and temporal dimension. The study involves the analysis of two public spaces in Fortaleza (Praça do Ferreira and the open urban public spaces of the Centro Cultural Dragão do Mar), using Space Syntax Analysis methods and for Post Occupancy Evaluation procedures. Research shows that temporal dimension of urbanity is limited in the public spaces studied. In Praça do Ferreira, spatial and social dimensions are present, but their effects are limited by the temporal dimension. The Dragão do Mar, on the other hand, the spatial and social dimensions of urban life are more limited and more concentrated in time

Entre o cartão-postal e a cidade real: um estudo sobre paisagem e produção imobiliária em Natal/RN

Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations

Chico Bento, um caipira do campo ou da cidade?: a representação do espaço rural e urbano e de seus habitantes na revista em quadrinhos do Chico Bento (1982-2000)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

No vazio, caberiam casas, parques, fábricas... caberia muita cidade

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Espaço, tempo e contradições: do Banco Nacional de Habitação ao Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida em Presidente Prudente/SP

The housing issue in Brazil is'nt a recent problem and has been discussed, worked and questioned in the institutional framework, especially with regard to the critical considerations on the topic and urban problems involved. We as milestones in the Brazilian housing policy the National Housing Bank - BNH, 1964, the height of the military regime in Brazil, and the Minha Casa, Minha Vida, in 2009. Both have questions that approach and distance themselves regarding changes in the Brazilian housing policy, where we have the emergence of new forms of knowledge production and housing consumption. Thus we have a number of advances in ways of acquiring social housing, even at different times, it is characterized as capitalist forms of this issue. Thus the spatial process of housing developments arising from these programs reflect the change in space - time that they lay down, turning the urban space of the cities in this case the city of Presidente Prudente / SP

Espaço, tempo e contradições: do Banco Nacional de Habitação ao Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida em Presidente Prudente/SP

The housing issue in Brazil is'nt a recent problem and has been discussed, worked and questioned in the institutional framework, especially with regard to the critical considerations on the topic and urban problems involved. We as milestones in the Brazilian housing policy the National Housing Bank - BNH, 1964, the height of the military regime in Brazil, and the Minha Casa, Minha Vida, in 2009. Both have questions that approach and distance themselves regarding changes in the Brazilian housing policy, where we have the emergence of new forms of knowledge production and housing consumption. Thus we have a number of advances in ways of acquiring social housing, even at different times, it is characterized as capitalist forms of this issue. Thus the spatial process of housing developments arising from these programs reflect the change in space - time that they lay down, turning the urban space of the cities in this case the city of Presidente Prudente / SP