La caracterización del lector adolescente : una aproximación desde la objetividad y desde la subjetividad

Se trata de un estudio sobre las características del lector adolescente. Se analiza el rendimiento del alumno, el ambiente familiar y no familiar, así como las distintas motivaciones y se concluye con la definición de dos grupos de jóvenes diferenciados por su cercanía a la lectura.

Lectura y educación : los hábitos lectores y su repercusión académica en educación secundaria obligatoria.

Se trata de un estudio sobre la importancia de la lectura en todos los ámbitos sociales. El trabajo recoge el marco conceptual de la materia como eje fundamental de la formación de hábitos lectores. Se establecen resultados de distintos grupos de alumnos, y sobre la relación entre el gusto por la lectura y el rendimiento académico de los alumnos .

El lobo y los siete cabritillos' y 'Caperucita Roja'. Historia de una relación

Se trata de un estudio comparativo entre los cuentos de los Siete Cabritillos y el de Caperucita Roja. Se analizan los orígenes y la intencionalidad de ambas historias así como el carácter pedagógico de los mismos a través del tiempo y su posible influencia sobre las distintas sociedades.

Los alumnos m??s capaces en Espa??a : normativa e incidencia en el diagn??stico y la educaci??n

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Destabilizing Mutations Alter the Hydrogen Exchange Mechanism in Ribonuclease A

The effect of strongly destabilizing mutations, I106A and V108G of Ribonuclease A (RNase A), on its structure and stability has been determined by NMR. The solution structures of these variants are essentially equivalent to RNase A. The exchange rates of the most protected amide protons in RNase A (35ºC), the I106A variant (35ºC), and the V108G variant (10ºC) yield stability values of 9.9, 6.0, and 6.8 kcal/mol, respectively, when analyzed assuming an EX2 exchange mechanism. Thus, the destabilization induced by these mutations is propagated throughout the protein. Simulation of RNase A hydrogen exchange indicates that the most protected protons in RNase A and the V108G variant exchange via the EX2 regime, whereas those of I106A exchange through a mixed EX1 1 EX2 process. It is striking that a single point mutation can alter the overall exchange mechanism. Thus, destabilizing mutations joins high temperatures, high pH and the presence of denaturating agents as a factor that induces EX1 exchange in proteins. The calculations also indicate a shift from the EX2 to the EX1 mechanism for less protected groups within the same protein. This should be borne in mind when interpreting exchange data as a measure of local stability in less protected regions

Distinct Unfolding and Refolding Pathways of Ribonuclease A Revealed by Heating and Cooling Temperature Jumps

Heating and cooling temperature jumps (T-jumps) were performed using a newly developed technique to trigger unfolding and refolding of wild-type ribonuclease A and a tryptophan-containing variant (Y115W). From the linear Arrhenius plots of the microscopic folding and unfolding rate constants, activation enthalpy (ΔH#), and activation entropy (ΔS#) were determined to characterize the kinetic transition states (TS) for the unfolding and refolding reactions. The single TS of the wild-type protein was split into three for the Y115W variant. Two of these transition states, TS1 and TS2, characterize a slow kinetic phase, and one, TS3, a fast phase. Heating T-jumps induced protein unfolding via TS2 and TS3; cooling T-jumps induced refolding via TS1 and TS3. The observed speed of the fast phase increased at lower temperature, due to a strongly negative ΔH# of the folding-rate constant. The results are consistent with a path-dependent protein folding/unfolding mechanism. TS1 and TS2 are likely to reflect X-Pro114 isomerization in the folded and unfolded protein, respectively, and TS3 the local conformational change of the β-hairpin comprising Trp115. A very fast protein folding/unfolding phase appears to precede both processes. The path dependence of the observed kinetics is suggestive of a rugged energy protein folding funne

El derecho a la integridad personal en el Estado ecuatoriano

Elaborado por la Comisión Ecuménica de Derechos Humanos (CEDHU). Presentado ante el relator sobre la tortura de Naciones Unidas. Autor: César Duque. Analiza el período: 2006-2009. Junio de 2009. Texto completo en: ‹www.cedhu.org›.

El posicionamiento del Derecho internacional y la gravedad de la jurisprudencia en el orden comunitario. Apuntes sobre la posible creación de un tribunal de justicia supranacional en el Mercosur (Artículos Varios)

La actualidad de los procesos de integración económica ha incentivado la elaboración de trabajos de toda complexión en una materia cuyo eje central gira en tomo a lo político y económico. Como se sabe, la cuestión se inscribe en una nueva estructura de las relaciones internacionales, donde las fronteras del Estado-nación propias de los siglos XVIII y XIX, se desdibujan en provecho de la conformación de espacios más amplios. En nuestra literatura el caso particular de la Unión Europea que es el modelo más conocido, presenta un complejo desarrollo político, social, económico y jurídico desde los respectivos ""Estados de Derecho"" que el Derecho Derivado y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Luxemburgo han sabido construir. Desde esta perspectiva, en esta investigación se ensayarán algunas reflexiones sobre la evolución del proceso europeo de integración, atendiendo en primera instancia a sus antecedentes históricos y construcción jurídica, para después ingresar al análisis de lo que es el Mercosur, su sistema de solución de diferencias y a posteriori, concluir con algunas consideraciones a propósito de la posible creación de un tribunal de justicia supranacional.

El pensamiento político boliviano contemporáneo en la construcción del nuevo Estado unitario social de derecho plurinacional comunitario en Bolivia

La instalación de la Asamblea Constituyente en Bolivia el año 2006, dio inicio a un proceso de cambio político – institucional que culminó con la adopción de una nueva Constitución Política del Estado el año 2009, en la cual se adopta una nueva definición para el Estado boliviano, ahora “Estado Unitario Social de Derecho Plurinacional Comunitario”. Resulta innegable el papel fundamental que ocuparon, tanto los sectores movilizados a partir del año 2000, como el gobierno de Evo Morales en este proceso de cambio. Sin embargo, este proceso no habría sido posible sin el surgimiento de un nuevo pensamiento político boliviano que tradujera las demandas de los sectores movilizados en planteamientos y propuestas políticas, que posteriormente fueron institucionalizadas en la nueva Constitución. En la presente investigación se realiza un análisis de la conformación, fuentes de pensamiento a las que recurre, y los conceptos centrales desarrollados por el pensamiento político boliviano contemporáneo. A partir de esto, se realiza un análisis de la incidencia política del nuevo pensamiento político boliviano, identificando cuál fue la influencia que tuvo en la construcción del nuevo “Estado Unitario Social de Derecho Plurinacional Comunitario” en Bolivia.

Facing the future: energy performance certificates and commercial property

Purpose – The paper aims to present the findings of a “situation review” of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), focusing on energy performance certificates (EPCs) to highlight areas of specific importance for the UK property investment community. The paper is based on research commissioned by the Investment Property Forum (IPF) and funded through the IPF Research Programme (2006-2009). Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were undertaken with experts from the fields of property investment and building engineering. The interviews were undertaken with to identify: the current knowledge of EPCs in the property investment sector; key issues with practical implementation of the legislation; and perceptions of the potential impacts of legislation, particularly in relation to value stakeholder and behaviour. Findings – The paper finds that, although the regulations have been published, there is still a need for clarification in the marketplace with regard to some of the detail of regulations and the certification process. The following areas are of most concern to property investors: costs of surveys; potential difficulties with the process; and a shortage of assessors. With respect to these impacts it is becoming clear that investors who have not yet started considering the EPBD and its requirements within their strategy are likely to face difficulties in the short term. The most significant value-related impacts of EPBD are expected to be value differentiation of properties and “price chipping” against the rental or capital value of the property, where an occupier or potential purchaser will use the recommendations contained within an EPC to force a reduction in value. The latter is expected to emerge in the short term, whereas the former is expected to be realised over the medium to long term. Both these impacts have potentially significant implications for property investment holdings and also future investment behaviour.

Bio-fortification of potato tubers using foliar zinc-fertiliser

Worldwide, many people are zinc (Zn)-deficient. Dietary Zn intake can be increased by producing crops with higher concentrations of Zn in their edible portions. This can be achieved by applying Zn-fertilisers to varieties with an increased ability to acquire Zn and to accumulate Zn in their edible portions. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop and is, therefore, a target for bio-fortification with Zn. Field trials incorporating a core collection of 23 potato genotypes, performed over 4 years (2006 – 2009), indicated significant genotypic effects on tuber Zn concentration and suggested that tuber Zn concentration was influenced by environmental effects, but also found that genotype environment (G E) interactions were not significant. Tuber Zn concentrations averaged 10.8 mg kg–1 dry matter (DM), and the ratio between the lowest and the highest varietal tuber Zn-concentration averaged 1.76. Tuber Zn concentrations could be increased by foliar Zn-fertilisation. Tuber yields of ‘Maris Piper’ were unaffected by foliar applications of < 1.08 g Zn plant–1. The relationship between tuber Zn concentration and foliar Zn application followed a saturation curve, reaching a maximum at approx. 30 mg Zn kg–1 DM at a foliar Zn application rate of 1.08 g plant–1. Despite a 40-fold increase in shoot Zn concentration compared to the unfertilised controls following foliar Zn fertilisation with 2.16 g Zn plant–1, only a doubling in tuber Zn concentration was observed. This suggests that the biofortification of tubers with Zn was restricted by the limited mobility of Zn in the phloem. A significant positive linear relationship between tuber Zn concentration and tuber N concentration supported the hypothesis of co-transport of Zn and N-compounds in the phloem.

Palisada flagellifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, Spain: a new record for the eastern Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and molecular evidence

Palisada flagellifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is recorded for the first time in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain. The specimens were collected in 2006-2009 growing from the lower intertidal to subtidal zones to 2 m depth at sites exposed to wave action. The species possesses a palisade-like arrangement of cortical cells in cross section, lacks secondary pit connections between them, and has tetrasporangia produced by three fertile pericentral cells (the third and the fourth additional and the second that becomes fertile), and a right-angled arrangement of tetrasporangia. Gametangia were not observed. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyses of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene sequences from 46 taxa. The Canarian and Brazilian P. flagellifera specimens formed a highly supported clade with a low level of genetic variation in the rbcL sequences (0.02-0.04%), confirming that they are the same taxonomic entity. This study expands the geographical distribution of P. flagellifera to the eastern Atlantic Ocean.