777 resultados para Social research
Resumo:
The hypothesis that price stability would reliably increase with the fraction of women operating in financial markets has been frequently suggested in policy discussions. To test this hypothesis we conducted 10 male-only, 10 female-only and 10 mixed-gender experimental asset markets, and compared the effects of gender composition, confidence, risk attitude and cognitive skills. Male and female markets have comparable volatility and deviations from fundamentals, whereas mixed-gender markets are substantially more stable. On the other hand, higher average cognitive skills of the group are associated with reduced market volatility. Individual-level analysis shows that subjects with higher cognitive skills trade at prices closer to fundamental values and earn significantly higher profits; similarly, mixed markets exhibit lower mispricing, particularly for traders with lower cognitive skills. Our results are demonstrated to hold in other experimental asset market studies, suggesting that a mixed-gender composition reduces mispricing across different types of asset markets.
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RESUMEN. En este trabajo de titulación se describe el proceso de investigación científica y social del diseño, aplicación y evaluación de una propuesta de entrenamiento deportivo para atletas damas y varones de las categorías prejuveniles de la Escuela de Atletismo “Patricio Quille” de la ciudad de Cuenca. Dicha propuesta de trabajo investigativo en el área de la Cultura Física consistió en el diseño de un macrociclo de entrenamiento estructurado por procesos de desarrollo de las cualidades físicas de los deportistas, pero básicamente se centró en el desarrollo de la técnica de la carrera de medio fondo en función de los principios fisiológicos del rendimiento deportivo y la psicopedagogía de la enseñanza deportiva. Al final del proceso, la propuesta fue totalmente validada con los logros deportivos que los atletas inmersos en la investigación alcanzaron enel entorno competitivo local, nacional e incluso internacional.
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This study examined whether instrumental and normative learning contexts differentially influence 4- to 7-year-old children’s social learning strategies; specifically, their dispositions to copy an expert versus a majority consensus. Experiment 1 (N = 44) established that children copied a relatively competent “expert” individual over an incompetent individual in both kinds of learning context. In experiment 2 (N = 80) we then tested whether children would copy a competent individual versus a majority, in each of the two different learning contexts. Results showed that individual children differed in strategy, preferring with significant consistency across two different test trials to copy either the competent individual or the majority. This study is the first to show that children prefer to copy more competent individuals when shown competing methods of achieving an instrumental goal (Experiment 1) and provides new evidence that children, at least in our “individualist” culture, may consistently express either a competency or majority bias in learning both instrumental and normative information (Experiment 2). This effect was similar in the instrumental and normative learning contexts we applied.
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This paper considers the neglected mobilities associated with a sample of UK women reported as missing.Refracted through literatures on gendered mobility and abandonment, the paper argues that the journeys of thesewomen in crisis are not well understood by police services, and that normative gender relations may infuse theirmanagement. By selectively exploring one illustrative police case file on Kim, we highlight how reported andobserved socio-spatial relationships within private and public spaces relate to search actions. We argue that Kim’smobility and spatial experiences are barely understood, except for when they appear to symbolise disorder anddanger. We address the silences in this singular case by using the voices of other women reported as missing, ascollected in a research project to explore the agency, experience and meaning of female mobility during absence.We argue that women reported as missing are not abandoned by UK policing services, but that a policy ofcontinued search for them may be at risk if they repeatedly contravene normative socio-spatial relationshipsthrough regular absence mobilities. By way of conclusion, we address recent calls for research that explores therelationships between gender and mobility.
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Este trabajo se inscribe en uno de los grandes campos de los estudios organizacionales: la estrategia. La perspectiva clásica en este campo promovió la idea de que proyectarse hacia el futuro implica diseñar un plan (una serie de acciones deliberadas). Avances posteriores mostraron que la estrategia podía ser comprendida de otras formas. Sin embargo, la evolución del campo privilegió en alguna medida la mirada clásica estableciendo, por ejemplo, múltiples modelos para ‘formular’ una estrategia, pero dejando en segundo lugar la manera en la que esta puede ‘emerger’. El propósito de esta investigación es, entonces, aportar al actual nivel de comprensión respecto a las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones. Para hacerlo, se consideró un concepto opuesto —aunque complementario— al de ‘planeación’ y, de hecho, muy cercano en su naturaleza a ese tipo de estrategias: la improvisación. Dado que este se ha nutrido de valiosos aportes del mundo de la música, se acudió al saber propio de este dominio, recurriendo al uso de ‘la metáfora’ como recurso teórico para entenderlo y alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Los resultados muestran que 1) las estrategias deliberadas y las emergentes coexisten y se complementan, 2) la improvisación está siempre presente en el contexto organizacional, 3) existe una mayor intensidad de la improvisación en el ‘como’ de la estrategia que en el ‘qué’ y, en oposición a la idea convencional al respecto, 4) se requiere cierta preparación para poder improvisar de manera adecuada.
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La perdurabilidad empresarial ha sido un tema recurrente en la literatura sobre dirección de empresas. A pesar de los avances, la liquidación de las empresas aumenta permanentemente. Buscando alternativas de mejora se estudia el caso de dos empresas cuadragenarias dedicadas a prestar servicios de consultoría en ingeniería eléctrica y civil que, en condiciones de crisis, implementaron acciones que les permitieron, no sólo mantenerse en el mercado sino también fortalecer su estructura financiera. Los resultados demostraron que un enfoque equilibrado caracterizado por la toma oportuna de decisiones y la definición e implementación de estrategias de negocio efectivas constituyen herramientas óptimas para asegurar un mayor grado de resiliencia empresarial.
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El presente trabajo comprende la construcción de las trayectorias de vida de cinco mujeres transexuales en ejercicio de prostitución en Bogotá a partir de la identificación de los desplazamientos en el terreno corporal, de auto-reconocimiento y de genitalidad en sus procesos de transformación y/o tránsito dentro del espacio generizado. La identificación de lo que he denominado “agentes de transformación específicos” y “condiciones de posibilidad existentes” guía el proceso de la caracterización y análisis de sus experiencias dentro de la(s) transexualidad(es). A diferencia de una línea cronológica o de avance en el tránsito, la noción de espacio generizado me permite reconocer la importancia de las diferencias, la complejidad y la variedad de velocidades y direcciones que pueden presentarse en las experiencias con el cuerpo.
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El presente documento analiza como el Estado colombiano ha querido crear una identidad nacional en tres Exposiciones Internacionales a partir de representaciones elaboradas con un discurso entre político, comercial y cultural, generando imágenes que no siempre concuerdan con la realidad.
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El presente artículo de investigación aborda el rol de gobernanza global que ha venido ejerciendo con mayor fuerza las organizaciones internacionales, como la UNESCO, el BM y en especial la OCDE, en el modelo de desarrollo de los países de América Latina a través de las orientaciones que se dan para las políticas y la agenda educativa en la región. Es decir, se trata de examinar hasta qué punto esas orientaciones han permeado las líneas de desarrollo y de educación. Por consiguiente, el texto recoge algunos compromisos establecidos por dichas agendas y propone un modelo alternativo al desarrollo, que dé cuenta de nuestro contexto sociocultural y pueda construir espacios de reflexión para llenar los vacíos en la formación de la educación del individuo que generen un progreso colectivo y que se adapte a la realidad local.
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El presente es un estudio de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo de corte cualitativo, que se empleó con la finalidad de conocer las representaciones sociales frente a las orientaciones sexuales diversas a la heterosexual, que tienen 35 estudiantes de la Universidad Del Rosario, sede Quinta de Mutis de los programas de Medicina, Fisioterapia y Psicología. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y a profundidad, y dos grupos focales conformados por 10 estudiantes cada uno. La información fue analizada a partir del análisis de narrativas por categorías y con la ayuda del programa Atlas Ti, se organizó en las siguientes categorías generales, que permitieron abordar los objetivos de la investigación: (a) información sobre el objeto representado, (b) actitudes y creencias hacia el objeto representado, (c) prácticas discriminatorias y (d) abordaje UR, cada una de ellas contiene diversas subcategorías que ayudaron a organizar y clasificar la información recolectada. En el estudio se encontró, de acuerdo con los objetivos propuestos, que en primer lugar existe un vacío en el conocimiento acerca de las orientaciones sexuales caracterizado por la presencia de discursos estereotipados. En segundo lugar, una actitud en su mayoría indiferente frente a las personas con orientaciones sexuales diversas a la heterosexual, así como un conjunto amplio de narrativas basadas en creencias lo cual da cuenta de que los discursos nacen del conocimiento del sentido común. Por otro lado, se encuentra que existen prácticas discriminatorias directas e indirectas, así como prejuicios dentro de las narrativas. Los estudiantes perciben que en general este es un tema que no se aborda en la Universidad, llegando al consenso en que esto debería cambiar, sin embargo, las representaciones sociales que se establecen en el desconocimiento, las actitudes indiferentes y las prácticas discriminatorias, permiten ver que aún existe un discurso heteronormativo muy arraigado, que pone barreras expresadas en los prejuicios, los estereotipos y el rechazo.
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RESUMOO presente texto tem como objetivo discutir a contextualização da prática de ensino de Língua Inglesa para deficientes auditivos brasileiros sob um olhar psicopedagógico. Intenciona tratar das dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionadas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem desta, bem como, propor a prática interventiva dentro da sala de aula de Língua Inglesa, para que se possa, deste modo, contribuir para a inclusão e o preparo dos estudantes surdos para a utilização e compreensão do idioma, o que já é oferecido a alunos não portadores destas necessidades. No decorrer deste texto, discutiremos algumas destas estratégias a partir do relato de experiência em sala de aula com uma aluna surda. O desafio de lidar com a situação levou uma professora do ensino médio a refletir a respeito de sua prática e a buscar suporte teórico sobre o tema ao qual naquele momento lhe era pouco familiar. Acrescenta-se à discussão uma proposta pedagógica para o trabalho com futuros docentes de Língua Inglesa nas universidades, buscando instigar estes futuros profissionais a autonomamente buscar compreender como lidar com as diversas teorias de aquisição de segunda língua e das metodologias de ensino de línguas estrangeiras no âmbito dos limites de aprendizagem dos alunos de sua própria comunidade escolar. O profissional psicopedagogo, além de contribuir para a investigação dos modos de aprender dos estudantes, especialmente os que tiverem alguma necessidade específica, poderá auxiliar o professor de inglês na seleção das atividades que poderão ser feitas em favor deles.
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This paper explores the expertise in industrial (product) design and contribution of knowledge generated trough the design research. Within this approach the research is situated within the social structure that constitutes people, activity, context and culture where an artifact is seen to be a mediator for the generation of new knowledge and its application. The paper concludes about the importance of research and practice integration and points out that situating the research around the artifacts, as mediators of knowledge, is transferable to Human-Computer Interaction field and any other area of the design research
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Developing an effective impact evaluation framework, managing and conducting rigorous impact evaluations, and developing a strong research and evaluation culture within development communication organisations presents many challenges. This is especially so when both the community and organisational context is continually changing and the outcomes of programs are complex and difficult to clearly identify.----- This paper presents a case study from a research project being conducted from 2007-2010 that aims to address these challenges and issues, entitled Assessing Communication for Social Change: A New Agenda in Impact Assessment. Building on previous development communication projects which used ethnographic action research, this project is developing, trailing and rigorously evaluating a participatory impact assessment methodology for assessing the social change impacts of community radio programs in Nepal. This project is a collaboration between Equal Access – Nepal (EAN), Equal Access – International, local stakeholders and listeners, a network of trained community researchers, and a research team from two Australian universities. A key element of the project is the establishment of an organisational culture within EAN that values and supports the impact assessment process being developed, which is based on continuous action learning and improvement. The paper describes the situation related to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and impact assessment before the project began, in which EAN was often reliant on time-bound studies and ‘success stories’ derived from listener letters and feedback. We then outline the various strategies used in an effort to develop stronger and more effective impact assessment and M&E systems, and the gradual changes that have occurred to date. These changes include a greater understanding of the value of adopting a participatory, holistic, evidence-based approach to impact assessment. We also critically review the many challenges experienced in this process, including:----- • Tension between the pressure from donors to ‘prove’ impacts and the adoption of a bottom-up, participatory approach based on ‘improving’ programs in ways that meet community needs and aspirations.----- • Resistance from the content teams to changing their existing M&E practices and to the perceived complexity of the approach.----- • Lack of meaningful connection between the M&E and content teams.----- • Human resource problems and lack of capacity in analysing qualitative data and reporting results.----- • The contextual challenges, including extreme poverty, wide cultural and linguistic diversity, poor transport and communications infrastructure, and political instability.----- • A general lack of acceptance of the importance of evaluation within Nepal due to accepting everything as fate or ‘natural’ rather than requiring investigation into a problem.
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Disability following a stroke can impose various restrictions on patients’ attempts at participating in life roles. The measurement of social participation, for instance, is important in estimating recovery and assessing quality of care at the community level. Thus, the identification of factors influencing social participation is essential in developing effective measures for promoting the reintegration of stroke survivors into the community. Data were collected from 188 stroke survivors (mean age 71.7 years) 12 months after discharge from a stroke rehabilitation hospital. Of these survivors, 128 (61 %) had suffered a first ever stroke, and 81 (43 %) had a right hemisphere lesion. Most (n = 156, 83 %) were living in their own home, though 32 (17 %) were living in residential care facilities. Path analysis was used to test a hypothesized model of participation restriction which included the direct and indirect effects between social, psychological and physical outcomes and demographic variables. Participation restriction was the dependent variable. Exogenous independent variables were age, functional ability, living arrangement and gender. Endogenous independent variables were depressive symptoms, state self-esteem and social support satisfaction. The path coefficients showed functional ability having the largest direct effect on participation restriction. The results also showed that more depressive symptoms, low state self-esteem, female gender, older age and living in a residential care facility had a direct effect on participation restriction. The explanatory variables accounted for 71% of the variance in explaining participation restriction. Prediction models have empirical and practical applications such as suggesting important factors to be considered in promoting stroke recovery. The findings suggest that interventions offered over the course of rehabilitation should be aimed at improving functional ability and promoting psychological aspects of recovery. These are likely to enhance stroke survivors resume or maximize their social participation so that they may fulfill productive and positive life roles.
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This paper is an essay on the state of Australian education that frames new directions for educational research. It outlines three challenges faced by Australian educators: highly spatialised poverty with particularly strong mediating effects on primary school education; the need for intellectual and critical depth in pedagogy, with a focus in the upper primary and middle years; and the need to reinvent senior schooling to address emergent pathways from school to work and civic life. It offers a narrative description of the dynamics of policy making in Australia and North America and argues for an evidence-based approach to social and educational policy – but one quite unlike current test and market-based approaches. Instead, it argues for a multidisciplinary approach to a broad range of empirical and case-based evidence that subjects these to critical, hermeneutic social sciences. Such an approach would join educational policy with educational research, and broader social, community and governmental action with the aim of reorganising and redistributing material, cultural and social resources.