Tunable Rashba effect in two-dimensional LaOBiS2 films: Ultrathin candidates for spin field effect transistors

Rashba spin splitting is a two-dimensional (2D) relativistic effect closely related to spintronics. However, so far there is no pristine 2D material to exhibit enough Rashba splitting for the fabrication of ultrathin spintronic devices, such as spin field effect transistors (SFET). On the basis of first-principles calculations, we predict that the stable 2D LaOBiS2 with only 1 nm of thickness can produce remarkable Rashba spin splitting with a magnitude of 100 meV. Because the medium La2O2 layer produces a strong polar field and acts as a blocking barrier, two counter-helical Rashba spin polarizations are localized at different BiS 2 layers. The Rashba parameter can be effectively tuned by the intrinsic strain, while the bandgap and the helical direction of spin states sensitively depends on the external electric field. We propose an advanced Datta-Das SFET model that consists of dual gates and 2D LaOBiS2 channels by selecting different Rashba states to achieve the on-off switch via electric fields. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

High efficiency and broad bandwidth grating coupler between nanophotonic waveguide and fibre

A high efficiency and broad bandwidth grating coupler between a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonic waveguide and fibre is designed and fabricated. Coupling efficiencies of 46% and 25% at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m are achieved by simulation and experiment, respectively. An optical 3 dB bandwidth of 45 nm from 1530 nm to 1575 nm is also obtained in experiment. Numerical calculation shows that a tolerance to fabrication error of 10 nm in etch depth is achievable. The measurement results indicate that the alignment error of +/-2 mu m results in less than 1 dB additional coupling loss.

First-principles study of native defects in rutile TiO2

Native point defects in the rutile TiO2 are studied via first-principles pseudopotential calculations. Except for the two antisite defects, all the native point defects have low formation energies. Under the Ti-rich growth condition, high concentrations of titanium interstitials and oxygen vacancies would form spontaneously in p-type samples; whereas high concentrations of titanium vacancies would form spontaneously in n-type samples regardless of the oxygen partial pressure. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic waveguide switch with low insertion loss and fast response

A silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic waveguide switch integrated with spot size converters is designed and fabricated by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The device shows good characteristics, including low, insertion loss of 8 +/- 1 dB for wavelength 1530-1580 nm and fast response times of 4.6 As for rising edge and 1.9 mu s for failing edge. The extinction ratios of the two channels are 19.1 and 18 dB, respectively.

一个改进的可动态调节的机密性策略模型

试图提出一个模型,它能为有效处理网络安全对象提供支持.改进Amon ott的动态调整规则,使需要动态改变的量减少,从而使一个系统调用级的原子操作需要伴随的附加量的操作和存储减少,提高模型在系统中的实用性.通过把当前安全级变成敏感标签范围而增加模型在系统实现中的灵活性,能有效控制IPC对象.为此,把Amon ott动态地调整当前敏感标签的规则推广为动态地调整敏感标签范围的规则,这把Bell为处理网络情况而把主体的当前安全级变成敏感标签范围的工作与Amon ott的工作有机地结合起来,同时,参考实际中使用的系统GEMSOS和DG/UX及安全原型微内核系统Fluke,引入了单级实体、多级实体以及专用于进程的访问模式,并给出了它们应满足的不变量及限制性条件.另外,在参考原型系统TMach对IPC对象的某些处理方式的基础上,提出了使动态特征非常明显的IPC对象得到合理、有效管理的机制,同时还分析了ABLP实施方法中存在的一些不当之处.提出了一个新的机密性策略模型DBLP的模型不变量,限制性条件及变量类型和常量,并分析了一些限制性条件的合理性,它可以有效应用于系统设计。

回转窑热解处理废锌锰电池试验研究

我国电池生产量已经达到209亿节（2003年），多年来一直占据世界第一大电池生产国的地位，其中锌锰电池占大多数。废锌锰电池丢弃后，其中的重金属物质会逐渐渗透到地下，污染土壤和水体。重金属在生物体内富集，会使生物体致畸或致变。但同时，废锌锰电池中也含有大量有用的资源如锌、二氧化锰等。应对其进行回收利用，变废为宝。本文介绍了废锌锰电池回收处理的主要技术及研究进展，不同的处理技术回收废锌锰电池时的目标产物各不相同，但一般可分为以下几种：以单质形式回收锌、锰和汞；以合金的形式回收锌和锰；回收锌和二氧化锰；回收各金属元素制备复合微量元素肥料；回收锌、锰元素制备锰锌铁氧体；回收锌、锰元素制备硫酸锌和碳酸锰等。本文对一些废锌锰电池回收处理技术的优缺点从无害化程度、资源化程度、产品等级、工艺要求以及二次污染五个方面进行了分析和比较。在对国内外废锌锰电池回收处理技术进行分析比较的基础上提出了一种成本较低、可操作性较强的处理技术：先以干法除去废锌锰电池中的汞，然后以湿法除去其它的有害重金属并进一步加工制备有机螯合微量元素肥料。 本文以回转窑中物料停留时间的经验公式和传热学的知识设计和计算了回转窑的长度和内径尺寸、电热丝的功率以及外围的保温材料厚度等参数。用保温材料和润滑油相结合的方式对回转窑的连接部分实行密封。通过调整回转窑的转速和回转窑支架两端高度差的方式控制物料在回转窑中的停留时间，从而调节热解时间的长短。利用自动控制设备调节电热丝的功率从而调节试验中的热解温度。利用该回转窑在不同条件下对热解处理废锌锰电池进行了试验研究，热解过程中产生的尾气和颗粒物用一系列吸收液进行吸收和固定。 在热解试验中改变影响热解过程的三种因素：热解温度、热解时间和载气流速并按三因素四水平的正交方法安排试验。改变废锌锰电池热解过程中的热解温度、热解时间和载气流速三种因素进行正交试验并利用正交统计学的方法分析了这三种因素对热解除汞率的影响。利用ICP检测仪测定了各吸收液中汞的含量，并分析热解气体产物经过系列吸收液时汞被吸收的情况以及汞的形态分布。利用气相色谱仪对尾气成分进行了测定，并对热解过程中产气的过程和规律进行了分析。用X射线衍射测试的方法研究了热解前后锌锰电池的物质形态变化情况。对除汞率的正交统计分析表明，合适的热解条件为：热解温度690℃，热解时间100min，载气流速0.06m3/h，在这种试验条件下热解处理废锌锰电池的除汞率达到100%。同时还得到：热解时间对除汞效果影响最大，热解温度次之，载气流速的影响较小。ICP测试的结果表明：热解尾气在经过试验中设置的吸收瓶后，其中的汞被完全吸收，尾气中95%以上的汞以单质的形式存在。气相色谱分析的结果表明，热解开始后，废锌锰电池中的有机质迅速分解，其产物为C2H4、CH4和H2等。一段时间后，有机质的分解量大幅度减少，同时废电池中的石墨碳和高价金属氧化物发生氧化还原反应，生成CO气体。对废锌锰电池原料以及热解残渣的X射线衍射分析表明，当热解温度为350℃时，X射线衍射图谱上2θ值为35°附近的区域有新峰出现，但不明显，说明有结晶体形成但量不大。500℃时上述峰明显增强，这是由于ZnO和FeO形成了结晶体，同时在2θ值为41°附近有新峰出现，这是高价锰氧化物与石墨碳发生氧化还原反应生成了MnO并形成了结晶体。650℃时，2θ值在41°附近的峰显著增强，且热解过程中形成的峰稳定下来，基本上不再有新的结晶体生成。热解后，高价锰氧化物的相对含量从32.2%下降到4.6%，而MnO的相对含量则从6.4%上升到38.6%。热解后的残渣中晶体物质含量大，金属元素大多以低价态存在，适合于制备有机螯合微量元素肥料。

渐变掩蔽图形超低压选择区域生长法制备高质量InGaAsP多量子阱材料

采用超低压（22mbar）选择区域生长（Selective Area Growth，SAG）金属有机化学汽相沉积（Metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition，MOCVD）技术成功制备了高质量InGaAsP／InGaAsP多量子阱（Multiple Quantum Well，MQW）材料．在较小的掩蔽宽度变化范围内（15—30μm），得到了46nm的光荧光（Photoluminescence，PL）波长偏移量，PL半高宽（Full-Width-at-Half-Maximum，FWHM）小于30meV．为了保证选择区域内的MQWs材料的均匀性，我们采用了新型的渐变掩蔽图形，并且运用这种新型渐变掩蔽图形，研究了渐变区域的过渡效应对材料生长的影响．我们还观察到，渐变区域的能量偏调量随着掩蔽图形宽度与渐变区域长度比值的增大而出现饱和现象．

Detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry

A novel method is reported for the detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on high spatial resolution imaging ellipsometry (IE). Monoclonal antibodies specific to H5 hemagglutinin protein were immobilized on silicon wafers and used to capture virus particles. Resultant changes on the surface of the wafers were visualized directly in gray-scale on an imaging ellipsometry image. This preliminary study has shown that the assay is rapid and specific for the identification of avian influenza virus subtype H5. Compared with lateral-flow immunoassays, this biosensor not only has better sensitivity, but can also simultaneously perform multiplexed tests. These results suggest that this biosensor might be a valuable diagnostic toot for avian influenza virus detection. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations in gas hydrate sediment

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations is a basic physical-chemical process in the dissociation of gas hydrate in sediment (GHS). Heat transfer leads to the weakening of the bed soil and the simultaneous establishment of a time varying stress field accompanied by seepage of fluids and deformation of the soil. As a consequence, ground failure could occur causing engineering damage or/and environmental disaster. This paper presents a simplified analysis of the thermal process by assuming that thermal conduction can be decoupled from the flow and deformation process. It is further assumed that phase transformations take place instantaneously. Analytical and numerical results are given for several examples of simplified geometry. Experiments using Tetra-hydro-furan hydrate sediments were carried out in our laboratory to check the theory. By comparison, the theoretical, numerical and experimental results on the evolution of dissociation fronts and temperature in the sediment are found to be in good agreement.