Inconstância, ausência e paradoxo na política para o livro no Estado Novo português

Neste artigo procura-se entender a dúplice forma como o Estado Novo em Portugal lidou com o livro como objecto de acção política. As tentativas de enquadrar o livro como alvo de promoção no sentido de um apoio efectivo e da adopção de medidas correctivas das disfunções do mercado, próprias de uma matriz contemporânea e aberta de sistemas políticos e sociais desenvolvidos, nunca terão verdadeiramente existido durante o período autocrático. Com efeito, desde o seu começo até meados da década de 1950 o regime hesitou entre fórmulas – isoladas – de suporte à edição e à leitura, que não pôde ou não quis consolidar, e opções tendentes a conseguir arregimentar agentes do livro (sobretudo editores e autores) à nunca concretizada literatura oficial do Estado Novo, e que obedecesse aos seus pressupostos. O caminho trilhado parece ter sido, a partir de dado momento, essencialmente o da repressão ao livro, pautando o poder a sua actuação pela ausência de propostas de fomento do mercado editorial e livreiro como as que se verificaram noutros contextos nacionais, inclusive ditatoriais.

Beacon scheduling in cluster-tree IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless sensor networks

The recently standardized IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee protocol stack offers great potentials for ubiquitous and pervasive computing, namely for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, there are still some open and ambiguous issues that turn its practical use a challenging task. One of those issues is how to build a synchronized multi-hop cluster-tree network, which is quite suitable for QoS support in WSNs. In fact, the current IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee specifications restrict the synchronization in the beacon-enabled mode (by the generation of periodic beacon frames) to star-based networks, while it supports multi-hop networking using the peer-to-peer mesh topology, but with no synchronization. Even though both specifications mention the possible use of cluster-tree topologies, which combine multi-hop and synchronization features, the description on how to effectively construct such a network topology is missing. This report tackles this problem, unveils the ambiguities regarding the use of the cluster-tree topology and proposes two collisionfree beacon frame scheduling schemes.

BITalino: a novel hardware framework for physiological computing

Physical computing has spun a true global revolution in the way in which the digital interfaces with the real world. From bicycle jackets with turn signal lights to twitter-controlled christmas trees, the Do-it-Yourself (DiY) hardware movement has been driving endless innovations and stimulating an age of creative engineering. This ongoing (r)evolution has been led by popular electronics platforms such as the Arduino, the Lilypad, or the Raspberry Pi, however, these are not designed taking into account the specific requirements of biosignal acquisition. To date, the physiological computing community has been severely lacking a parallel to that found in the DiY electronics realm, especially in what concerns suitable hardware frameworks. In this paper, we build on previous work developed within our group, focusing on an all-in-one, low-cost, and modular biosignal acquisition hardware platform, that makes it quicker and easier to build biomedical devices. We describe the main design considerations, experimental evaluation and circuit characterization results, together with the results from a usability study performed with volunteers from multiple target user groups, namely health sciences and electrical, biomedical, and computer engineering. Copyright © 2014 SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. All rights reserved.

Intrinsic fractal dynamics in the respiratory system by means of pressure-volume loops

This contribution presents novel concepts for analysis of pressure–volume curves, which offer information about the time domain dynamics of the respiratory system. The aim is to verify whether a mapping of the respiratory diseases can be obtained, allowing analysis of (dis)similarities between the dynamical pattern in the breathing in children. The groups investigated here are children, diagnosed as healthy, asthmatic, and cystic fibrosis. The pressure–volume curves have been measured by means of the noninvasive forced oscillation technique during breathing at rest. The geometrical fractal dimension is extracted from the pressure–volume curves and a power-law behavior is observed in the data. The power-law model coefficients are identified from the three sets and the results show that significant differences are present between the groups. This conclusion supports the idea that the respiratory system changes with disease in terms of airway geometry, tissue parameters, leading in turn to variations in the fractal dimension of the respiratory tree and its dynamics.

Parallel texts alignment

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Institutional and matrix support and its relationship with primary healthcare

OBJECTIVE To analyze whether the level of institutional and matrix support is associated with better certification of primary healthcare teams.METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated two kinds of primary healthcare support – 14,489 teams received institutional support and 14,306 teams received matrix support. Logistic regression models were applied. In the institutional support model, the independent variable was “level of support” (as calculated by the sum of supporting activities for both modalities). In the matrix support model, in turn, the independent variables were the supporting activities. The multivariate analysis has considered variables with p < 0.20. The model was adjusted by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.RESULTS The teams had institutional and matrix supporting activities (84.0% and 85.0%), respectively, with 55.0% of them performing between six and eight activities. For the institutional support, we have observed 1.96 and 3.77 chances for teams who had medium and high levels of support to have very good or good certification, respectively. For the matrix support, the chances of their having very good or good certification were 1.79 and 3.29, respectively. Regarding to the association between institutional support activities and the certification, the very good or good certification was positively associated with self-assessment (OR = 1.95), permanent education (OR = 1.43), shared evaluation (OR = 1.40), and supervision and evaluation of indicators (OR = 1.37). In regards to the matrix support, the very good or good certification was positively associated with permanent education (OR = 1.50), interventions in the territory (OR = 1.30), and discussion in the work processes (OR = 1.23).CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, supporting activities are being incorporated in primary healthcare, and there is an association between the level of support, both matrix and institutional, and the certification result.

Design and optimization of na ultra wideband and compact microwave antenna for radiometric monitoring of brain temperature

We present the modeling efforts on antenna design and frequency selection to monitor brain temperature during prolonged surgery using noninvasive microwave radiometry. A tapered log-spiral antenna design is chosen for its wideband characteristics that allow higher power collection from deep brain. Parametric analysis with the software HFSS is used to optimize antenna performance for deep brain temperature sensing. Radiometric antenna efficiency (eta) is evaluated in terms of the ratio of power collected from brain to total power received by the antenna. Anatomical information extracted from several adult computed tomography scans is used to establish design parameters for constructing an accurate layered 3-D tissue phantom. This head phantom includes separate brain and scalp regions, with tissue equivalent liquids circulating at independent temperatures on either side of an intact skull. The optimized frequency band is 1.1-1.6 GHz producing an average antenna efficiency of 50.3% from a two turn log-spiral antenna. The entire sensor package is contained in a lightweight and low-profile 2.8 cm diameter by 1.5 cm high assembly that can be held in place over the skin with an electromagnetic interference shielding adhesive patch. The calculated radiometric equivalent brain temperature tracks within 0.4 degrees C of the measured brain phantom temperature when the brain phantom is lowered 10. C and then returned to the original temperature (37 degrees C) over a 4.6-h experiment. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimized 2.5-cm log-spiral antenna is well suited for the noninvasive radiometric sensing of deep brain temperature.

From design-for-test to design-for-debug-and-test: analysis of requirements and limitations for 1149.1

The increasing complexity of VLSI circuits and the reduced accessibility of modern packaging and mounting technologies restrict the usefulness of conventional in-circuit debugging tools, such as in-circuit emulators for microprocessors and microcontrollers. However, this same trend enables the development of more complex products, which in turn require more powerful debugging tools. These conflicting demands could be met if the standard scan test infrastructures now common in most complex components were able to match the debugging requirements of design verification and prototype validation. This paper analyses the main debug requirements in the design of microprocessor-based applications and the feasibility of their implementation using the mandatory, optional and additional operating modes of the standard IEEE 1149.1 test infrastructure.

Patterns of Associational Life in Western Europe, 1800-2000

Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Science of the European University Institute

SmART: an application reconfiguration framework

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática.

Liquid crystal beads constrained on thin cellulosic fibers: Electric field induced microrotors and N-I transition

We directly visualize the response of nematic liquid crystal drops of toroidal topology threaded in cellulosic fibers, suspended in air, to an AC electric field and at different temperatures over the N-I transition. This new liquid crystal system can exhibit non-trivial point defects, which can be energetically unstable against expanding into ring defects depending on the fiber constraining geometries. The director anchoring tangentially near the fiber surface and homeotropically at the air interface makes a hybrid shell distribution that in turn causes a ring disclination line around the main axis of the fiber at the center of the droplet. Upon application of an electric field, E, the disclination ring first expands and moves along the fiber main axis, followed by the appearance of a stable "spherical particle" object orbiting around the fiber at the center of the liquid crystal drop. The rotation speed of this particle was found to vary linearly with the applied voltage. This constrained liquid crystal geometry seems to meet the essential requirements in which soliton-like deformations can develop and exhibit stable orbiting in three dimensions upon application of an external electric field. On changing the temperature the system remains stable and allows the study of the defect evolution near the nematic-isotropic transition, showing qualitatively different behaviour on cooling and heating processes. The necklaces of such liquid crystal drops constitute excellent systems for the study of topological defects and their evolution and open new perspectives for application in microelectronics and photonics.

WeSenseNET - Plataforma de Visualização, Gestão Remota e Agregação Múltipla de Dados

Nos últimos anos, o avanço da tecnologia e a miniaturização de diversos componentes de electrónica associados a novos conceitos têm permitido nascer novas ideias e projectos, que até há alguns anos não passariam de ficção científica. Talvez o exemplo mais acabado seja actualmente o smartphone, um pequeno bloco de hardware e software, com capacidade de processamento que ultrapassa várias vezes o dos computadores com uma dúzia de anos. Estas capacidades têm sido utilizadas em comunicações, blocos de notas, agendas e até entretenimento. No entanto, podem ser reutilizadas para ajudar a resolver algumas limitações/constrangimentos da actualidade. Dentro destes destacam-se a gestão de recursos escassos. Com efeito, o consumo de energia eléctrica tem aumentado como consequência directa do desenvolvimento global e aumento do número de aparelhos eléctricos. Uma percentagem significativa de energia eléctrica tem sido produzida através de recursos não-renováveis de energia. No entanto, a dependência energética, associada à subida de preços e a redução das emissões de gases do efeito estufa, estimula o desenvolvimento de novas soluções que permitam lidar com esta situação. O desempenho energético por sua vez depende não só das características da estrutura, mas também do comportamento do utilizador. O desempenho energético dos edifícios é muito importante, uma vez que os respectivos consumos são responsáveis por mais de metade do total da energia produzida. Desta forma, a fim de alcançar um melhor desempenho é importante não só considerar o desempenho de estrutura, mas também monitorizar o comportamento do utilizador. Esta última questão coloca várias limitações, uma vez que depende muito do tipo de utilizador. Um dos conceitos actuais emergentes são as chamadas redes de sensores sem fio. Com esta tecnologia, pequenos módulos podem ser desenvolvidos com muitas possibilidades de conectividade, com elevado poder de processamento e com grande autonomia, sem serem excessivamente caros. Isto proporciona os meios para implementar vários dispositivos em toda a instalação, para recolher uma variedade de dados, sendo posteriormente armazenados num servidor. Os blocos fundamentais da infra-estrutura de sensores do projecto foram concebidos na Evoleo Technologies em simultâneo com o decorrer do estágio. Estes blocos recolhem dados específicos na instalação, e periodicamente enviam para o servidor central os valores recolhidos, onde são armazenados e colocados à disposição do utilizador. Os dados recolhidos podem então ser apresentados ao utilizador, proporcionando um registo de consumo de energia associado a um dado período de tempo. Uma vez que todos os dados são armazenados no servidor, podem ser efectuados estudos para determinar o uso típico, possíveis problemas em aparelhos, a qualidade da energia eléctrica, etc., permitindo determinar onde a energia está a ser eventualmente desperdiçada e fornecendo dados ao utilizador para que este possa proceder a alterações, tendo por base dados recolhidos num dado período. O objectivo principal deste trabalho passa por estabelecer a ligação entre o nível máquina e o nível de utilizador, isto é, uma plataforma de interacção entre dispositivos e administrador da instalação. Fornecer os dados de uma forma fácil e sem necessidade de instalação de software específico em cada dispositivo que se pretenda utilizar para monitorizar foi uma das principais preocupações das fases de concepção do projecto.

Theory and phenomenology of two-higgs-doublet models

We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model. In general, these extensions have scalar mediated flavour changing neutral currents which are strongly constrained by experiment. Various strategies are discussed to control these flavour changing scalar currents and their phenomenological consequences are analysed. In particular, scenarios with natural flavour conservation are investigated, including the so-called type I and type II models as well as lepton-specific and inert models. Type III models are then discussed, where scalar flavour changing neutral currents are present at tree level, but are suppressed by either a specific ansatz for the Yukawa couplings or by the introduction of family symmetries leading to a natural suppression mechanism. We also consider the phenomenology of charged scalars in these models. Next we turn to the role of symmetries in the scalar sector. We discuss the six symmetry-constrained scalar potentials and their extension into the fermion sector. The vacuum structure of the scalar potential is analysed, including a study of the vacuum stability conditions on the potential and the renormalization-group improvement of these conditions is also presented. The stability of the tree level minimum of the scalar potential in connection with electric charge conservation and its behaviour under CP is analysed. The question of CP violation is addressed in detail, including the cases of explicit CP violation and spontaneous CP violation. We present a detailed study of weak basis invariants which are odd under CP. These invariants allow for the possibility of studying the CP properties of any two-Higgs-doublet model in an arbitrary Higgs basis. A careful study of spontaneous CP violation is presented, including an analysis of the conditions which have to be satisfied in order for a vacuum to violate CP. We present minimal models of CP violation where the vacuum phase is sufficient to generate a complex CKM matrix, which is at present a requirement for any realistic model of spontaneous CP violation.

Dinâmicas de gestão nas PME - O sector da restauração e bebidas

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Observação do comportamento dinâmico de estruturas de engenharia civil

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Estruturas