850 resultados para Visão computacional. FPGA. Sistemas orientados a plataformas


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En este proyecto se investigan 3 subáreas de Inteligencia Artificial y sus aplicaciones en contextos educativos. Las 3 áreas son 1) agentes conversacionales automatizados que actúan como instructores virtuales o sistemas de tutoring automatizado, 2) asistentes virtuales que llevan a cabo una tarea dada bajo la instrucción de un aprendiz avanzado, y 3) plataformas de programación de chatbots como una herramienta educativa para enseñar conceptos básicos de ciencias de la computación. La hipótesis de este proyecto es que tanto los tutores como los asistentes conversacionales automatizados deben incluir una representación contextual rica que identifique lo entendido por el aprendiz hasta el momento y ser capaces de realizar inferencias sobre ella para poder guiar mejor su aprendizaje. Los objetivos de este proyecto incluyen el desarrollo de algoritmos de inferencia contextuales apropiados para instructores y asistentes virtuales, el desarrollo de algoritmos para la programación simplificada de chatbots, la evaluación de estos algoritmos en pruebas piloto en escuelas y la realización de un curso online abierto masivo para estudiantes de secundario del programa Conectar Igualdad que quieran aprender sobre Inteligencia Artificial y Ciencias de la Computación. El método a utilizar será la realización de recolección de corpus (interacciones humano-humano de las interacciones tutor-aprendiz), la aplicación de técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural como la generación por selección y la interpretación por clustering y maximum entropy models usando características sintácticas, semánticas y pragmáticas. Se desarrollarán los algoritmos siguiendo una metodología estándar de Ingeniería de Software y se evaluarán en experiencias piloto en escuelas secundarias así como en un curso online abierto y masivo. Además se dictará un curso de capacitación docente para la incorporación de las tecnologías producidas a sus cursos. Como resultado se espera la contribución al área de Inteligencia Artificial con aplicaciones en Educación de algoritmos evaluados empíricamente en entornos educativos reales del nivel medio. Además, se espera contribuir a las metodologías de enseñanza de Ciencias de la Computación en el nivel medio. Este proyecto es relevante a la realidad nacional y mundial de falta de recursos humanos formados en las Ciencias de la Computación y al crecimiento mundial que el área de Inteligencia Artificial en general y de Sistemas de diálogo (o interfaces conversacionales) en particular ha tenido en los últimos años con el crecimiento exponencial de la tecnología en la vida diaria.

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Este proyecto combina una serie de líneas de trabajo que, en esencia, estudian interacciones moleculares débiles y propiedades fisicoquímicas de diversos solutos en distintos medios. En todos los casos se procura comprender los factores que determinan la interacción de un soluto con su medio ya sea homogéneo o heterogéneo y aplicar estos conocimientos a diversos procesos, fundamentalmente en medios supramoleculares auto-organizados. Los medios supramoleculares que se estudian son: micelas inversas con agua u otros solventes polares sustitutos confinados en su corazón polar y vesículas. En este proyecto se desarrollan métodos que optimizan la detección de diferentes tipos de interacciones no-covalentes con distintas moléculas pruebas en los diferentes medios y, a partir de esto obtener aplicaciones diversas. Se trata de comprender los factores que determinan la solubilización, ubicación y/o reactividad de las moléculas pruebas en diferentes sitios del medio supramolecular y de esta manera obtener información acerca de las diferentes interacciones específicas en cada sitio del sistema supramolecular, lo cual es fundamental para el reconocimiento molecular ("inteligencia"). En definitiva estos estudios están orientados a: i) entender la adaptabilidad de nuevos sistemas supramoleculares para utilizar los resultados en el diseño de métodos de síntesis, electrosíntesis y catálisis dentro de los principios de la química sostenible o química verde y en la prevención a problemas de impacto ambiental tal como la remediación de aguas contaminadas por hidrocarburos y la degradación de pesticidas utilizando estrategias no convencionales; ii) la comprensión de fenómenos de transferencia de carga en sistemas auto-organizados y membranas biológicas; iii) el desarrollo de nuevos métodos de detección electroquímicos para compuestos de interés biológico, en medicina, alimentos y farmacología. También, dentro de los objetivos hay una componente muy fuerte de formación de recursos humanos como se aprecia en el número de becarios ya incorporados y a incorporar. La integración de estos conocimientos multidisciplinarios crea un ámbito sumamente beneficioso para la formación de doctorandos tan necesarios para el país ya que tendrán la oportunidad de participar en temas de investigación variados, relacionados con disciplinas diferentes, lo que sin duda será un valor añadido en su formación.

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Esta dissertação visa apresentar o mapeamento do uso das teorias de sistemas de informações, usando técnicas de recuperação de informação e metodologias de mineração de dados e textos. As teorias abordadas foram Economia de Custos de Transações (Transactions Costs Economics TCE), Visão Baseada em Recursos da Firma (Resource-Based View-RBV) e Teoria Institucional (Institutional Theory-IT), sendo escolhidas por serem teorias de grande relevância para estudos de alocação de investimentos e implementação em sistemas de informação, tendo como base de dados o conteúdo textual (em inglês) do resumo e da revisão teórica dos artigos dos periódicos Information System Research (ISR), Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ) e Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS) no período de 2000 a 2008. Os resultados advindos da técnica de mineração textual aliada à mineração de dados foram comparadas com a ferramenta de busca avançada EBSCO e demonstraram uma eficiência maior na identificação de conteúdo. Os artigos fundamentados nas três teorias representaram 10% do total de artigos dos três períodicos e o período mais profícuo de publicação foi o de 2001 e 2007.(AU)

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A monitorização de sinais vitais é uma ferramenta essencial da medicina, principalmente no que se relaciona com a avaliação do estado físico de qualquer indivíduo. As ferramentas foram evoluindo ao longo do tempo, tendo a tecnologia desempenhado um papel central na melhoria do seu desempenho. Apesar destes dispositivos estarem intimamente ligados ao contexto médico, as mudanças no estilo de vida no consumo dos utilizadores fizeram com que estas ferramentas passassem a fazer parte do quotidiano. O paradigma alterou-se, ou seja, quando eram utilizadas exclusivamente para fins médicos, agora são também usados para actividades relacionadas com o lazer e desporto. A preocupação com a monitorização de sinais vitais cresceu nos últimos anos, pois a interpretação correcta destes dados permite intervir em certos aspectos da rotina diária, melhorando a qualidade de vida. A portabilidade tornou-se um factor importante uma vez que grande parte dos utilizadores, associa estes dispositivos à sua actividade física. Desta necessidade surgem novos tipos de produtos, que inclusivamente são associados e integrados em peças de vestuário. Este factor obriga a tecnologia a miniaturizar os componentes, no sentido de tornar possivel o funcionamento destes produtos em qualquer lugar e hora. Por outro lado, quanto menos intrusivo for o dispositivo melhor conforto e funcionalidade oferece ao utilizador. Assim sendo, a disciplina do design deve ter em conta as premissas de funcionamento dos diferentes componentes que permitem recolher dados sobre os sinais vitais: batimento cardíaco e temperatura. A intervenção da disciplina do design nesta investigação passa pelo re-design de um dispositivo existente, que é analisado no seu desempenho funcional, ergonómico e estético. O dispositivo em questão é portátil e colocado na zona inferior da perna, acima do tornozelo. Todas as envolvências ergonómicas e funcionais são tomadas em conta para a concepção de hipóteses que incrementem a performance do dispositivo. A integração de componentes e a avaliação funcional são mais eficazes quando se utilizam técnicas de prototipagem, que permitem uma visão efectiva da realidade. Para melhor conceber as propostas, e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre estas técnicas realizaram-se testes com o objectivo de aferir a precisão e a qualidade do acabamento das superfícies das peças prototipadas. No sentido de criar uma proposta final, são criadas várias hipóteses de solução que são avaliadas segundo a detecção de problemas, bem como através do contacto com os utilizadores. Ao longo da investigação as propostas evoluem, culminando naquela que é apresentada como uma proposta optimizada, que aglutina todo o levantamento literário, testes, e análises feitas durante a construção do documento.

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Computational Intelligence Methods have been expanding to industrial applications motivated by their ability to solve problems in engineering. Therefore, the embedded systems follow the same idea of using computational intelligence tools embedded on machines. There are several works in the area of embedded systems and intelligent systems. However, there are a few papers that have joined both areas. The aim of this study was to implement an adaptive fuzzy neural hardware with online training embedded on Field Programmable Gate Array – FPGA. The system adaptation can occur during the execution of a given application, aiming online performance improvement. The proposed system architecture is modular, allowing different configurations of fuzzy neural network topologies with online training. The proposed system was applied to: mathematical function interpolation, pattern classification and selfcompensation of industrial sensors. The proposed system achieves satisfactory performance in both tasks. The experiments results shows the advantages and disadvantages of online training in hardware when performed in parallel and sequentially ways. The sequentially training method provides economy in FPGA area, however, increases the complexity of architecture actions. The parallel training method achieves high performance and reduced processing time, the pipeline technique is used to increase the proposed architecture performance. The study development was based on available tools for FPGA circuits.

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Reverberation is caused by the reflection of the sound in adjacent surfaces close to the sound source during its propagation to the listener. The impulsive response of an environment represents its reverberation characteristics. Being dependent on the environment, reverberation takes to the listener characteristics of the space where the sound is originated and its absence does not commonly sounds like “natural”. When recording sounds, it is not always possible to have the desirable characteristics of reverberation of an environment, therefore methods for artificial reverberation have been developed, always seeking a more efficient implementations and more faithful to the real environments. This work presents an implementation in FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays ) of a classic digital reverberation audio structure, based on a proposal of Manfred Schroeder, using sets of all-pass and comb filters. The developed system exploits the use of reconfigurable hardware as a platform development and implementation of digital audio effects, focusing on the modularity and reuse characteristics

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Primary processing of natural gas platforms as Mexilhão Field (PMXL-1 ) in the Santos Basin, where monoethylene glycol (MEG) has been used to inhibit the formation of hydrates, present operational problems caused by salt scale in the recovery unit of MEG. Bibliographic search and data analysis of salt solubility in mixed solvents, namely water and MEG, indicate that experimental reports are available to a relatively restricted number of ionic species present in the produced water, such as NaCl and KCl. The aim of this study was to develop a method for calculating of salt solubilities in mixed solvent mixtures, in explantion, NaCl or KCl in aqueous mixtures of MEG. The method of calculating extend the Pitzer model, with the approach Lorimer, for aqueous systems containing a salt and another solvent (MEG). Python language in the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Eclipse was used in the creation of the computational applications. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed calculation method for a systematic series of salt (NaCl or KCl) solubility data in aqueous mixtures of MEG at various temperatures. Moreover, the application of the developed tool in Python has proven to be suitable for parameter estimation and simulation purposes

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Cloud Computing is a paradigm that enables the access, in a simple and pervasive way, through the network, to shared and configurable computing resources. Such resources can be offered on demand to users in a pay-per-use model. With the advance of this paradigm, a single service offered by a cloud platform might not be enough to meet all the requirements of clients. Ergo, it is needed to compose services provided by different cloud platforms. However, current cloud platforms are not implemented using common standards, each one has its own APIs and development tools, which is a barrier for composing different services. In this context, the Cloud Integrator, a service-oriented middleware platform, provides an environment to facilitate the development and execution of multi-cloud applications. The applications are compositions of services, from different cloud platforms and, represented by abstract workflows. However, Cloud Integrator has some limitations, such as: (i) applications are locally executed; (ii) users cannot specify the application in terms of its inputs and outputs, and; (iii) experienced users cannot directly determine the concrete Web services that will perform the workflow. In order to deal with such limitations, this work proposes Cloud Stratus, a middleware platform that extends Cloud Integrator and offers different ways to specify an application: as an abstract workflow or a complete/partial execution flow. The platform enables the application deployment in cloud virtual machines, so that several users can access it through the Internet. It also supports the access and management of virtual machines in different cloud platforms and provides services monitoring mechanisms and assessment of QoS parameters. Cloud Stratus was validated through a case study that consists of an application that uses different services provided by different cloud platforms. Cloud Stratus was also evaluated through computing experiments that analyze the performance of its processes.

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Cloud computing can be defined as a distributed computational model by through resources (hardware, storage, development platforms and communication) are shared, as paid services accessible with minimal management effort and interaction. A great benefit of this model is to enable the use of various providers (e.g a multi-cloud architecture) to compose a set of services in order to obtain an optimal configuration for performance and cost. However, the multi-cloud use is precluded by the problem of cloud lock-in. The cloud lock-in is the dependency between an application and a cloud platform. It is commonly addressed by three strategies: (i) use of intermediate layer that stands to consumers of cloud services and the provider, (ii) use of standardized interfaces to access the cloud, or (iii) use of models with open specifications. This paper outlines an approach to evaluate these strategies. This approach was performed and it was found that despite the advances made by these strategies, none of them actually solves the problem of lock-in cloud. In this sense, this work proposes the use of Semantic Web to avoid cloud lock-in, where RDF models are used to specify the features of a cloud, which are managed by SPARQL queries. In this direction, this work: (i) presents an evaluation model that quantifies the problem of cloud lock-in, (ii) evaluates the cloud lock-in from three multi-cloud solutions and three cloud platforms, (iii) proposes using RDF and SPARQL on management of cloud resources, (iv) presents the cloud Query Manager (CQM), an SPARQL server that implements the proposal, and (v) comparing three multi-cloud solutions in relation to CQM on the response time and the effectiveness in the resolution of cloud lock-in.

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Sistema-de-sistemas (System-of-Systems - SoS) é um tipo emergente de sistema computacional formado por um grupo de sistemas constituintes, que são independentes e heterogêneos e se unem para compor um sistema de larga escala visando alcançar uma missão global. Cada sistema constituinte possui seus próprios objetivos, missões individuais, e colaboram para a realização da missão do SoS, chamada missão global. Existe uma complexidade inerente no conjunto de missões que estão envolvidas em um SoS, esse deve-se principalmente à natureza independente dos sistemas constituintes, que tendem a evoluir independentemente, potencialmente mantidos por organizações distintas, além dos conflitos de interesse que podem surgir com essa evolução. Com isso, torna-se essencial prover uma linguagem bem definida para descrição e avaliação dessas missões, relacionando-as entre si e provendo um documento comum que possa ser utilizado por todas as partes envolvidas. Essa linguagem deve ser capaz de expressar as missões individuais e globais, dando suporte a todos os relacionamentos existentes entre essas missões, além de expressar informações relacionadas a realização dessas missões. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar e avaliar uma linguagem para descrição de missões. Visando a definição dessa linguagem, esse trabalho apresenta um mapeamento sistemático acerca dos mecanismos existentes para descrição de missões em SoS, identificando os elementos-chave que compõem a descrição de uma missão nesse contexto. A partir desse mapeamento, propõe-se um modelo conceitual para missões e uma linguagem para descrição de missões. Essa linguagem independe de documentos de arquitetura e outros tipos de modelos de software, visando possibilitar a integração da linguagem de definição de missões em diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento.

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The spread of wireless networks and growing proliferation of mobile devices require the development of mobility control mechanisms to support the different demands of traffic in different network conditions. A major obstacle to developing this kind of technology is the complexity involved in handling all the information about the large number of Moving Objects (MO), as well as the entire signaling overhead required to manage these procedures in the network. Despite several initiatives have been proposed by the scientific community to address this issue they have not proved to be effective since they depend on the particular request of the MO that is responsible for triggering the mobility process. Moreover, they are often only guided by wireless medium statistics, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of the candidate Point of Attachment (PoA). Thus, this work seeks to develop, evaluate and validate a sophisticated communication infrastructure for Wireless Networking for Moving Objects (WiNeMO) systems by making use of the flexibility provided by the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, where network functions are easily and efficiently deployed by integrating OpenFlow and IEEE 802.21 standards. For purposes of benchmarking, the analysis was conducted in the control and data planes aspects, which demonstrate that the proposal significantly outperforms typical IPbased SDN and QoS-enabled capabilities, by allowing the network to handle the multimedia traffic with optimal Quality of Service (QoS) transport and acceptable Quality of Experience (QoE) over time.

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The Telehealth Brazil Networks Program, created in 2007 with the aim of strengthening primary care and the unified health system (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde), uses information and communication technologies for distance learning activities related to health. The use of technology enables the interaction between health professionals and / or their patients, furthering the ability of Family Health Teams (FHT). The program is grounded in law, which determines a number of technologies, protocols and processes which guide the work of Telehealth nucleus in the provision of services to the population. Among these services is teleconsulting, which is registered consultation and held between workers, professionals and managers of healthcare through bidirectional telecommunication instruments, in order to answer questions about clinical procedures, health actions and questions on the dossier of work. With the expansion of the program in 2011, was possible to detect problems and challenges that cover virtually all nucleus at different scales for each region. Among these problems can list the heterogeneity of platforms, especially teleconsulting, and low internet coverage in the municipalities, mainly in the interior cities of Brazil. From this perspective, the aim of this paper is to propose a distributed architecture, using mobile computing to enable the sending of teleconsultation. This architecture works offline, so that when internet connection data will be synchronized with the server. This data will travel on compressed to reduce the need for high transmission rates. Any Telehealth Nucleus can use this architecture, through an external service, which will be coupled through a communication interface.

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The search for mitigation solutions, with respect to the effects of overvoltages linked to the energization and reclosing maneuvers of transmission lines include a challenging subject with strong impact on the insulation coordination of electrical systems. Although the recognition of classical and commercial proposals to mitigate these phenomena, other possibilities are certainly still worthwhile highlighting and investigations. In this context, the present work is grounded in the exposure of the physical and mathematical foundations of a strategy based on controlled switchings, whose moments to the line reclosing are pre-programmed. The computational evaluation of the effectiveness of the methodology is made using the ATP simulator, which are studies in a typical electrical system subjected to the action of short-circuits fallowed by shutdowns and subsequent reclosing, under the action of technology here focused and lack thereof.

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In this work are considered two bidimensional systems, with distints chacacteristcs and applicabilitys. Is studied the adsorption of transition metals (MT) Fe, Co, Mn and Ru in extended defects, formed by graphene grain boundaries. First in pristine graphene The hollow site of carbon hexagon, in pristine graphene, are the most stable for MT adsorption. The Dirac cone in eletronic structure of graphene was manteined with the presence of MT. For the considered grain boundaries the MT has a greater stability for absorption in the grain boundaries sites in comparison with pristine graphene. Through the energy barrier values, are observed diffusion chanels for MT localized on the grain boundaries. This diffusion chanels indicate a possible formation of nanolines of MT in graphene. For the first stage of the nanolines, ate observed a better stability for the system with greater MT concentration, due to MT-MT interactions. Also, due to the magnetic moment of the MT, the nanolines show a magnetization. For the most stable configurations the system are metallics, particularly for Fe the band structure indicates an anisotropic spin current. In a second study, are considereted the retention capacity for metallic contaminants Cd and Hg in clayminerals, kaolinite (KAO) and montmorillonite (MMT). Through the adsorption energies of contaminantes in the clayminerals, was observed a increase in stability with the increase of contaminants concentration, due to the interaction Cd-Cd and Hg-Hg. Also, was observed that KAO has a strong interaction beteween monolayers than MMT. In this sence, for the adsoption process of contaminantes in the natural form of KAO and MMT, the latter has a better retention capacity, due to the small net work for contaminant intercalation. However, when the modification of clayminerals, with molecules that increase the spacing between monolayers, exist a optimal condition, which the contaminant absorption are more stable in KAO system than in MMT. In the Langmuir adsorption model for the clayminerals in the optimal monolayer spacing, the retention capacity for Cd and Hg in KAO system are 21% greater than in MMT system. Also, for the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) for the K edge of Cd and Hg, are found a positive shift of absorption edge with the decreasing of monolayer spacing. This result indicates a possible way to determine the concentration of adsorbed contaminats in relation to unabsorbed ones, from the decomposition of experimental XANES in the obteined spectras.

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Dentro del área de la creatividad computacional, una de las aplicaciones que despiertan mayor interés actualmente es la de la generación de historias, con aplicaciones prácticas dentro del mundo empresarial (por ejemplo, en coaching). Habitualmente, esta generación no se realiza en tiempo real, debido al coste computacional que requiere el proceso de generación. En el presente proyecto se propone la construcción de un generador que funcione de manera similar al juego The Stanley Parable, donde las historias se generan, de una manera muy reducida, a medida que el jugador se mueve y explora el escenario del juego. Se propone, por tanto, la creación de un generador de historias basado en el uso de plataformas móviles, que cree en tiempo real una historia basada en los movimientos del jugador por un entorno real.