Age and gender differences in the relation between self-concept facets and self-esteem

This study tested whether the gender intensification hypothesis applies to relations between multiple domain-specific self-concept facets and self-esteem. This hypothesis predicts gender-stereotypic differences in these relations and assumes they intensify with age. Furthermore, knowledge about gender-related or age-related differences in self-concept-self-esteem relations might provide valuable knowledge for designing effective self-esteem enhancement interventions. We investigated grade and gender differences in the relations between domain-specific self-concept facets and self-esteem within a sample of 1958 German students in Grades 3 to 6. Results indicated no difference in the self-concept - self-esteem relations between the subsamples of third and fourth graders and fifth and sixth graders or between boys and girls. These relations also did not differ between boys and girls in the subsamples of third and fourth graders and fifth and sixth graders. These results suggest self-concept-self-esteem relations to be invariant across grade levels and gender and thus did not support the gender intensification hypothesis.

As concepções e práticas avaliativas em matemática de um grupo de professores do 5º ano do ensino fundamental e suas relações com a prova Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2015.

Complexos de estudo: investigando um experimento de currículo em uma escola de assentamento do MST no Paraná

The Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) from its educational process and the path taken in education, started in the year 2013, with an experimental curricular proposal by Complexes of study the School Base and the Itinerant Schools, the MST, in Paraná state. For the construction of this proposed curriculum, the movement takes the historical background and the experience of the original foundations of the single school of labor started by the working class in revolutionary Soviet period as a training proposal and school organization that comes close to the creation of collective subjects, fighters and builders of a new society and sociopolitical objectives to this social movement. The Soviet experiment reference required a work of a critical appropriation for the Brazilian context. The curriculum prescription, called Study Plan, in its introduction, includes elements of design fundamentals like: the Education Eesign and Training Matrix; Matrix detailing: School and Life, School and Labor Formative Matrix, School and Social Struggle Formative Matrix, School and Collective Organization Formative Matrix, School and Culture Formative Matrix and School and History Formative Matrix; general school guidelines: a pedagogical function of the environment, the school's political organization, school times, specific methodological aspects, sequencing and duration of Complexes of Study and the evaluation process. The Study Plan contemplates the complexes, the disciplines, the portions of reality / practice categories present in complexes, organized by semester and year, i. e., from 6th to 9th grade in elementary school. Given the the presented context, this research aims to analyze the process of testing the proposed curriculum for the Complexes of Study in Primary School of Iraci Salette Strozak State School, located in the Marcos Freire Settlement, in Rio Bonito do Iguaçu in Paraná state. As a methodological approach, we chose the qualitative approach and analysis were conducted under the Marxism perspective. Library research and field research, semi-structured interviews and analysis of documents generated in the process of construction of the proposal were made.Initially, in this paper, we discus about the path followed by the MST in the fight for schools and public education; highlighting elements of the process which led to the understanding, by the Movement, of which only the struggle for land is not enough for the realization of Agrarian Reform. Then discuss whether some elements of Pedagogy of the Movement, the concept of education and the goals for education that Social Movement, the training matrices and the potential to transform the school from a pedagogical proposal that has these elements as guiding. They present also the original foundations of Complexes Study in its historical origin and design. Is discussed about the changes and curriculum innovations, curriculum as schooling as social reproduction and presents the structure of Curriculum Proposal by Complex of Study. Forth, it is shown how the experiment occurred in basis School Iraci Salette Strozak. At this point, we propose a dialogue on the transformations in the organization of pedagogical work, discussing the elements of the proposal that are being experienced and the changes already perceived. Still, we address the issue of formation of educators and also elements relating to the challenges andadvancements encountered by the school in this area, and possible implications for the experiment.

Twenty years of the Foundation of the School of Library, Documentation and Information of the National University Intellectual Property in Costa Rica - The information technology environment

This year the School of Library, Documentation and Information is twenty years from its beginning as Unit Library.

‚Verständige Musikpraxis’ als Gegenstand von Musikunterricht zwischen Leiblichkeit und diskursivem Lernen

This article deals with a pedagogical concept called "Verständige Musikpraxis". It wants to elicit whether and if how its effects might be empirically relevant. Starting point is an analysis of a suite of 4 videotaped music lessons with an emphasis on singing in the classroom in primary schools. The taped lessons show a similarity in structure: a phase of practising is mostly followed by a phase of practical learning and reflection, which in turn is interrupting the process. In the phenomenological theory of learning this moment of irritation is a hallmark of the learning process per se. (DIPF/Orig.)

Perceptions of New Principal Mentoring Programs in a Large Urban School District

The principalship has changed significantly over the past 20 years. Today’s principals must be effective instructional leaders, managers of large facilities, and experts at analyzing data to successfully meet the accountability demands of high-stakes testing, along with state, and federal mandates. The primary purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how 43 first- and second-year sitting school principals perceived their mentoring experiences and the degree to which a principal mentoring program—offered by their large urban school district—was effective in building their leadership capacity. A second purpose of this inquiry was to understand these principals’ perceptions of the most beneficial aspects of the mentoring program. The study used quantitative data gathered via an online questionnaire distributed during Fall 2015. The results indicated that respondents perceived that the components of the large urban school-mentoring program were generally effective in training principal mentees to become highly-effective school leaders. This study enriches the literature on mentoring by providing the voices of first and second year school leaders to add depth to the characteristics of successful mentoring programs.

Perceived learning environments and metacognitive strategy knowledge at the upper secondary school level

There is evidence that students benefit from teachers’ explicit fostering of metacognitive strategy knowledge (MSK). However, there is insufficient understanding about the effect of implicit promotion of MSK in regular school instruction. This study investigates the relationship between perceived characteristics of learning environments (social climate, support, autonomy, self-reflection) and students’ MSK. A representative cohort of students (Nt1 = 1,272/Nt2 = 1,126) in Grades 10 and 11 at schools at the upper secondary education level (ISCED Level 3A) in Switzerland participated in this two-wave longitudinal study. Multilevel analysis showed effects on both the individual and the class level. Students who experienced higher social integration showed a higher extent of MSK at the beginning of the school year than students who experienced less social integration. Perceived autonomy was also positively related to students’ MSK on the individual level. In contrast, the results showed a negative relationship between perceived self-reflection and students’ MSK. On the class level, there was a negative relationship between self-reflection and students’ MSK. Teachers’ support did not correlate with students’ MSK on either the individual or the class level. Implications of these results for education and further studies are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)

Concepções dos alunos sobre a avaliação das aprendizagens na disciplina de matemática em anos terminais dos 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico

A presente investigação tem como objectivo o estudo das concepções dos alunos sobre a avaliação das aprendizagens na disciplina de Matemática em anos terminais dos 1º e 2° ciclos do Ensino Básico. Em particular, procurou-se estudar e comparar as concepções que alunos desses anos tinham sobre a avaliação e as práticas avaliativas dos seus professores, e compreender se existiam algumas relações de dependência entre essas concepções e a perspectiva face à Matemática e o desempenho escolar desses alunos. O enquadramento teórico está organizado em dois capítulos. O primeiro relacionado com a avaliação e o segundo referente às concepções. Este estudo segue uma metodologia de natureza interpretativa. A recolha de dados foi feita através da aplicação de um questionário a quatro turmas, uma do 4o e outra do 6° ano de escolaridade de dois agrupamentos distintos, um de Elvas e outro de Portalegre, e de entrevista semi-estruturada a dois alunos por turma. A análise de dados foi organizada em tomo de duas categorias: (i) perspectivas face à Matemática e (ii) perspectiva face à avaliação das aprendizagens. Os resultados do estudo indicam que as concepções sobre a avaliação das aprendizagens em Matemática dos alunos participantes incidem, preferencialmente, sobre sentimentos, consequências, funções e instrumentos de avaliação. Verifica-se uma tendência para a existência de relações de dependência entre a imagem negativa da Matemática escolar e a concepção de avaliação associada aos sentimentos. Alunos com classificações negativas a Matemática associa, igualmente, a avaliação a sentimentos. Já os alunos que têm uma imagem positiva da Matemática, assim com os que têm classificações mais elevadas, tendem a associar a avaliação às suas consequências. No que diz respeito às práticas avaliativas que lhes têm sido proporcionadas, os alunos do 1º e do 2°ciclos apresentam concepções quase semelhantes, reconhecendo as fichas de avaliação como os instrumentos com mais peso para o professor na atribuição de notas no final do período. Os alunos do 1º ciclo são os que mais revelam concordar que o professor está atento às suas dificuldades. Porém, quer os alunos do 1 o e do 2°ciclos não reconhecem poder combinar com o professor a forma como são avaliados. ABSTRACT; The main purpose of the present work is to study the students' beliefs on assessment learning related to the Mathematics subject in ending years of 1st and 2nd key stage of elementary school. ln particular, the research was aimed to study and compare the students’ beliefs that pupils of those particular years had on assessment and the assessment practices of their teachers and also if there were any kind of dependence relationships between those beliefs and the perspective towards Mathematics and those students' school performance. The theoretical framework is organized in two chapters. The first related with the assessment and the second regarding the beliefs. This study follows a methodology of interpretative nature. The data gathering was done through the application of a questionnaire to four classes, one of the 4th and another of the 6th year of two different school groups, one belonging to Elva’s and another one to Portalegre and also through a semi-structured interview done to two students per group. The data analysis was organized around two categories: (i) perspectives towards Mathematics and (ii) perspective towards assessment learning. The results of the study show that the beliefs of those students on assessment learning on Mathematics are preferably based on feelings, consequences, functions and assessment instruments. ln general terms, there seems to be dependence relationships between the Mathematics negative image and the assessment conception associated to feelings. Students with negative marks at Mathematics also associate assessment to feelings. Those who have a positive Mathematics image, as well as those with higher marks at the subject, seem to associate assessment to its consequences. Concerning the assessment practices that have been provided to students from 1 51 and 2nd key stage of elementary school, these same pupils show very similar beliefs, pointing the summative tests as having higher importance when the assessment term comes. The students of the 1st key stage of elementary school are those who most agree that the teacher is attentive to their difficulties. Even so, both groups of students say that they cannot negotiate with their teacher the way they are supposed to be assessed.

REDUCING TEACHER ATTRITION: THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUILDING PRINCIPALS IN A LARGE URBAN DISTRICT TO SUPPORT TEACHER RETENTION

The high rate of teacher attrition in urban schools is well documented. While this does not seem like a problem in Carter County, this equates to hundreds of teachers that need to be replaced annually. Since school year (SY) 2007-08, Carter County has lost over 7,100 teachers, approximately half of (50.1%) of whom resigned, often going to neighboring, higher-paying jurisdictions as suggested by exit survey data (SY2016-2020 Strategic Plan). Included in this study is a range of practices principals use to retain teachers. While the role of the principal is recognized as a critical element in teacher retention, few studies explore the specific practices principals implement to retain teachers and how they use their time to accomplish this task. Through interviews, observations, document analysis and reflective notes, the study identifies the practices four elementary school principals of high and relatively low attrition schools use to support teacher retention. In doing so, the study uses a qualitative cross-case analysis approach. The researcher examined the following leadership practices of the principal and their impact on teacher retention: (a) providing leadership, (b) supporting new teachers, (c) training and mentoring teaching staff, (d) creating opportunities for collaboration, (d) creating a positive school climate, and (e) promoting teacher autonomy. The following research questions served as a foundational guide for the development and implementation of this study: 1. How do principals prioritize addressing teacher attrition or retention relative to all of their other responsibilities? How do they allocate their time to this challenge? 2. What do principals in schools with low attrition rates do to promote retention that principals in high attrition schools do not? What specific practices or interventions are principals in these two types of schools utilizing to retain teachers? Is there evidence to support their use of the practices? The findings that emerge from the data revealed the various practices principals use to influence and support teachers do not differ between the four schools.

School Development in Urbanizing Areas

Good schools are essential for building thriving urban areas. They are important for preparing the future human resource and directly contribute to social and economic development of a place. They not only act as magnets for prospective residents, but also are necessary for retaining current population. As public infrastructure, schools mirror their neighborhood. “Their location, design and physical condition are important determinants of neighborhood quality, regional growth and change, and quality of life.”2 They impact housing development and utility requirements among many things. Hence, planning for schools along with other infrastructure in an area is essential. Schools are very challenging to plan, especially in urbanizing areas with changing demographic dynamics, where the development market and housing development can shift drastically a number of times. In such places projecting the future school enrollments is very difficult and in case of large population influx, school development can be unable to catch up with population growth which results in overcrowding. Typical is the case of Arlington County VA. In the past two decades the County has changed dramatically from a collection of bedroom communities in Washington DC Metro Region to a thriving urban area. Its metro accessible urban corridors are among most desired locations for development in the region. However, converting single family neighborhoods into high density areas has put a lot of pressure on its school facilities and has resulted in overcrowded schools. Its public school enrollment has grown by 19% from 2009 to 2014.3 While the percentage of population under 5 years age has increased in last 10 years, those in the 5-19 age group have decreased4. Hence, there is more pressure on the elementary school facilities than others in the County. Design-wise, elementary schools, due to their size, can be imagined as a community component. There are a number of strategies that can be used to develop elementary school in urbanizing areas as a part of the neighborhood. Experimenting with space planning and building on partnership and mixed-use opportunities can help produce better designs for new schools in future. This thesis is an attempt to develop elementary school models for urbanizing areas of Arlington County. The school models will be designed keeping in mind the shifting nature of population and resulting student enrollments in these areas. They will also aim to be efficient and sustainable, and lead to the next generation design for elementary school education. The overall purpose of the project is to address barriers to elementary school development in urbanizing areas through creative design and planning strategies. To test above mentioned ideas, the Joint-Use School typology of housing +school design has been identified for elementary school development in urbanizing areas in this thesis project. The development is based on the Arlington Public School’s Program guidelines (catering to 600 students). The site selected for this project is Clarendon West (part of Red Top Cab Properties) in Clarendon, Arlington County VA.

Formação continuada a distância para o professor de Ciências Naturais do Ensino Fundamental : educação em Geologia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Física, Instituto de Química, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências, Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências, 2016.

Representação escolar dos pais, envolvimento e contributo para a relação educativa

Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise de Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 2005

Factors Influencing the Implementation of Substance Use Prevention Programs in Elementary Schools

Prevention scientists have called for more research on the factors affecting the implementation of substance use prevention programs. Given the lack of literature in this area, coupled with evidence that children as early as elementary school engage in substance use, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the implementation of substance use prevention programs in elementary schools. This study involved a mixed methods approach comprised of a survey and in-person interviews. Sixty-five guidance counselors and teachers completed the survey, and 9 guidance counselors who completed the survey were interviewed individually. Correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression were conducted. Quantitative findings revealed ease of implementation most frequently influenced program implementation, followed by beliefs about the program’s effectiveness. Qualitative findings showed curriculum modification as an important theme, as well as difficulty of program implementation. The in-person interviews also shed light on three interrelated themes influencing program implementation – The Wheel, time, and scheduling. Results indicate the majority of program providers modified the curriculum in some way. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed, and areas for future research are suggested.

Entre riscos e rabiscos: da leitura à representação (gráfica) de provérbios

De tradição oral e de origem remota, os provérbios circunscrevem a realidade cultural dos seus criadores e utilizadores. A sua riqueza reside, por um lado, na mensagem sintética e por isso, também, pragmática, ao ser utilizada como âncora em contextos específicos; reside, por outro lado, na construção de metáforas conceptuais, tradutoras de verdades e generalizações sedimentadas na observação empírica. É nestas que a língua portuguesa (LP) germina a dimensão cultural e permite a exploração de mundividências partilhadas, transparentes, translúcidas ou opacas. O trabalho que propomos apresentar descreve um conjunto de atividades realizadas com alunos do 5.o ao 8.o ano de escolaridade, no âmbito de um programa desenvolvido por um agrupamento de escolas da região de Viseu e uma instituição de ensino superior durante o ano letivo de 2013-2014. As atividades que propusemos implicaram considerar a LP a partir de diferentes prismas, perspetivando-a não só como código verbal, como herança cultural, mas também como espaço de criação e criatividade. Assim, a sedimentação de significados que foram construindo a LP é apresentada aos alunos como enigma a desvelar. Neste sentido, propomos a) analisar a representação gráfica de provérbios feita por alunos do ensino básico; b) refletir sobre a influência da LP na formação de provérbios em países de expressão portuguesa. A sua interpretação é padronizada, mas permeável a ambiguidades. Neste caso, e a partir da comparação de um exercício de equivalência entre provérbios representados pela variedade do português, revelamos a seleção dos alunos.

Intervenção do professor titular da sala de aula do primeiro ano do primeiro ciclo perante a inclusão de crianças com Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção

A Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção possui três características essenciais: Défice de Atenção, Impulsividade e Hiperatividade. Ou seja, é uma problemática neuro-comportamental, manifestada na infância onde as crianças ostentam um modelo comportamental assente no excesso de atividade motora (hiperatividade), de falta de atenção e de impulsividade. Torna-se necessário então que, o professor adopte estratégias de trabalho com estas crianças facilitando assim a sua inclusão. Este estudo tem como principais objetivos: Identificar as opiniões do professor titular da sala de aula do primeiro ano do primeiro ciclo perante a inclusão de crianças com PHDA; Descrever as estratégias do professor titular da sala de aula do primeiro ano do primeiro ciclo perante a inclusão de crianças com PHDA. A orientação metodológica adotada relaciona-se com uma abordagem qualitativa. Este estudo é constituído por 10 professores a quem foi feita uma entrevista para se recolherem os dados. Foi feito o tratamento dos dados, os quais foram analisados e discutidos. As conclusões indicam que, ao nível da formação inicial, as Escolas de Ensino Superior e as Universidades devem incorporar nos seus cursos de Professores do Primeiro Ciclo uma disciplina que aborde exaustivamente, em cada semestre, as Necessidades Educativas Especiais, abrangendo não só a teoria, como também a prática. Sugere-se ainda que exista formação contínua no âmbito das NEE, a começar pelo professor logo após o término do curso superior, independentemente da sua situação profissional, e em cada área escolar, antes do início do ano letivo, depois das turmas estarem formadas, por forma a cada docente participar naquela onde se abordará a NEE ou as NEEs que existirão na sua sala, sendo focadas estratégias de trabalho com estas crianças visando o sucesso escolar. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos entrevistados leva a cabo práticas de integração e de inclusão, embora se perceba alguma confusão entre integração e inclusão.