Encontro de Aedes albopictus no Estado do Pará, Brasil

Pela primeira vez é registrada a presença do Aedes (Stg) albopictus no Estado do Pará, Brasil, em área urbana no município de Medicilândia distante cerca de 90 km de Altamira, onde foram capturados por meio de isca humana 42 exemplares de mosquitos adultos. Estes foram inoculados em C6/36 e em camundongos recém-nascidos na tentativa de isolamento viral, não tendo sido isolado nenhum vírus. A presença de Aedes albopictus em áreas da Amazônia onde circulam os vírus de dengue e de febre amarela é preocupante e representa um risco potencial desta espécie de mosquito se tornar infectada com tais vírus.

Prevalência da depressão pós-parto e fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão pós-parto. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Pelotas, entre outubro e novembro de 2000. As mães (n=410) foram entrevistadas no hospital, utilizando dois questionários sobre informações obstétricas e psicossociais. Posteriormente, as puérperas foram visitadas em casa, entre 30 a 45 dias depois do parto, quando foi aplicada a Escala de Hamilton com o objetivo de medir e caracterizar a presença de sintomas depressivos. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado na comparação entre proporções e a regressão logística não condicional, na análise multivariada. Os dados foram analisados hierarquicamente: no primeiro nível as variáveis socioeconômicas, no segundo, as variáveis demográficas, no terceiro, estavam as variáveis obstétricas e no último nível, as variáveis psicossociais. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de depressão pós-parto encontrada foi de 19,1%. As variáveis renda familiar (OR=5,24; IC 95%: 2,00-13,69), preferência pelo sexo da criança (meninos: OR=3,49; IC 95%: 1,76-6,93) e pensar em interromper a gestação (OR=2,52; IC 95%: 1,33-4,76), apresentaram associação com a ocorrência de depressão. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que baixas condições socioeconômicas de vida da puérpera e a não aceitação da gravidez são elementos-chave no desenvolvimento da depressão pós-parto.

Primeiro registro de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus no Estado do Ceará, Brasil

Pela primeira vez é registrada a ocorrência de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus em área urbana da cidade de Fortaleza, no Estado do Ceará, Brasil. De janeiro a julho de 2005 foram utilizadas ovitrampas para a coleta de ovos de Aedes spp., os quais foram mantidos em laboratório para desenvolvimento até a fase adulta. Os mosquitos resultantes foram identificados e submetidos a testes para o isolamento dos vírus da dengue. Foram identificados 13 espécimes de Aedes albopictus, todos fêmeas. Não foi isolado vírus da dengue em nenhum dos pools de mosquitos. Apesar de o Aedes albopictus não ter sido incriminado por surtos de dengue no Brasil, não se pode descartar a possibilidade da transmissão dos vírus da dengue por tais mosquitos.

Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and to examine the effects of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits on dentition in six-year-old children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out nested into a birth cohort conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 1999. A sample of 359 children was dentally examined and their mothers interviewed. Anterior open bite and posterior cross bite were recorded using the Foster & Hamilton criteria. Information regarding breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits was collected at birth, in the first, third, sixth and 12th months of life, and at six years of age. Control variables included maternal schooling and child's birthweight, cephalic perimeter, and sex. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of anterior open bite was 46.2%, and that of posterior cross bite was 18.2%. Non-nutritive sucking habits between 12 months and four years of age and digital sucking at age six years were the main risk factors for anterior open bite. Breastfeeding for less than nine months and regular use of pacifier between age 12 months and four years were risk factors for posterior cross bite. Interaction between duration of breastfeeding and the use of pacifier was identified for posterior cross bite. CONCLUSIONS: Given that breastfeeding is a protective factor for other diseases of infancy, our findings indicate that the common risks approach is the most appropriate for the prevention of posterior cross bite in primary or initial mixed dentition.

Embedded platform for ECG biometric recognition

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Prevalence and determinants of child undernutrition and stunting in semiarid region of Brazil

OBJECTIVE : To analyze the evolution in the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in children in the semiarid region of Brazil. METHODS : Data were collected from two cross-sectional population-based household surveys that used the same methodology. Clustering sampling was used to collect data from 8,000 families in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, for the years 1987 and 2007. Acute undernutrition was calculated as weight/age < -2 standard deviation (SD); stunting as height/age < -2 SD; wasting as weight/height < -2 SD. Data on biological and sociodemographic determinants were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate analyses based on a theoretical model. RESULTS : A sample of 4,513 and 1,533 children under three years of age, in 1987 and 2007, respectively, were included in the analyses. The prevalence of acute malnutrition was reduced by 60.0%, from 12.6% in 1987 to 4.7% in 2007, while prevalence of stunting was reduced by 50.0%, from 27.0% in 1987 to 13.0% in 2007. Prevalence of wasting changed little in the period. In 1987, socioeconomic and biological characteristics (family income, mother’s education, toilet and tap water availability, children’s medical consultation and hospitalization, age, sex and birth weight) were significantly associated with undernutrition, stunting and wasting. In 2007, the determinants of malnutrition were restricted to biological characteristics (age, sex and birth weight). Only one socioeconomic characteristic, toilet availability, remained associated with stunting. CONCLUSIONS : Socioeconomic development, along with health interventions, may have contributed to improvements in children’s nutritional status. Birth weight, especially extremely low weight (< 1,500 g), appears as the most important risk factor for early childhood malnutrition.

Delayed results of treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis with amphotericin B plus sulfamides versus amphotericin B alone

A delayed evaluation of two groups of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis was carried out. Both groups were treated with amphotericin B, "but one of them was submitted to maintenance treatment with sulfonamides. Statistical analysis showed that treatment is more effective when patients are maintained with sulfonamide drugs.

Infecção natural de Equus caballus por Leishmania sp - São Paulo, Brasil (Breve comunicação científica)

E assinalado, pela primeira vez, o encontro de um cavalo (Equus caballus) infeclado por Leishmania sp, no Estado de São Paulo.

A Inovação e os Smart Spenders

Investir em Inovação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) pode não ser o remédio para uma economia pouco desenvolvida e carente de competitividade. São inúmeros os estudos, os relatórios e os rankings que apontam para uma relação entre os investimentos em I&D e as elevadas performances económicas. No entanto, não poderá ser provada a existência de uma significativa correlação estatística. Será o investimento em inovação fundamental para o aumento da competitividade e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento sócio-económico? De acordo com o estudo “The Global Innovation 1000” (Booz Allen Hamilton, 2006) que analisa as 1000 empresas globais com maiores investimentos em I&D, só menos de 10% desse universo são de facto empresas eficazes na aplicação desses montantes. Definidas como “Smart Spenders” estas empresas aplicam bem o (relativamente) baixo investimento em inovação. Para os “gastadores inteligentes”, o dinheiro dispendido em inovação significa de facto, inovação eficaz. Este trabalho tem como objectivos: (1) Observar a evolução do conceito de inovação e alguns dos seus rankings; (2) Observar alguns indicadores de inovação; (3) Reconhecer que o investimento em inovação deve ser conjugado com alguns factores de gestão; (4) Analisar o conceito de “Smart Spenders”.

Leishmaniose cutânea acidental

Os autores relatam o 3º caso de Leishmaniose acidental em laboratório, ocorrido em aluna do curso de Biologia, que contaminou-se por ocasião da passagem de formas amastigotas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis de hamster infectado para hamster são. Chamam atenção de que, apesar de usar toda proteção exigida, a aluna foi mordida pelo hamster são, havendo como conseqüência, ruptura da luva e contágio através do inóculo.

Surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Itaporanga, São Paulo (Brasil)

O presente trabalho relata os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos de surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na região Sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, área de colonização antiga, não associada a derrubadas de matas. Foram examinados 231 indivíduos, observando-se: a) Sessenta e sete indivíduos (29%) apresentavam leishmaniose confirmada pela histopatologia das lesões cutâneas e intradermorreação de Montenegro. Destes casos, 40 (59,7%) eram homens; b) a idade variou entre 2 (5 casos) e 86 anos (1 caso); c) de acordo com o tipo de lesão, observou-se: 54 (80, 6%) pacientes apresentavam úlceras, 13 (19,4%) nódulos, 4 (5,9%) lesões úlcero-vegetantes e 3 (4,4%) cicatrizes típicas; d) a intradermorreção de Montenegro apresentou 94,7% de positividade nos casos de leishmaniose-doença. Este estudo reforça observações prévias de que, além da forma clássica de transmissão, a leishmaniose pode ser transmitida no intra e peri-domicílio.

Quantitative Analysis of Immunoglobulin E Reactivity Profiles in Patients Allergic or Sensitized to Natural Rubber Latex (Hevea Brasiliensis)

Characterized native and recombinant Hevea brasiliensis (rHev b) natural rubber latex (NRL) allergens are available to assess patient allergen sensitization profiles. OBJECTIVE: Quantification of individual IgE responses to the spectrum of documented NRL allergens and evaluation of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) for more definitive diagnosis. METHODS: Sera of 104 healthcare workers (HCW; 51 German, 21 Portuguese, 32 American), 31 spina bifida patients (SB; 11 German, 20 Portuguese) and 10 Portuguese with multiple surgeries (MS) were analysed for allergen-specific IgE antibody (sIgE) to NRL, single Hev b allergens and CCDs with ImmunoCAP technology. RESULTS: In all patient groups rHev b 5-sIgE concentrations were the most pronounced. Hev b 2, 5, 6.01 and 13 were identified as the major allergens in HCW and combined with Hev b 1 and Hev b 3 in SB. In MS Hev b 1 displayed an intermediate relevance. Different sIgE antibody levels to native Hevea brasiliensis (nHev b) 2 and rHev b 6.01 allowed discrimination of SB with clinical relevant latex allergy vs. those with latex sensitization. Sensitization profiles of German, Portuguese and American patients were equivalent. rHev b 5, 6.01 and nHev b 13 combined detected 100% of the latex-allergic HCW and 80.1% of the SB. Only 8.3% of the sera showed sIgE response to CCDs. CONCLUSIONS: Hev b 1, 2, 5, 6.01 and 13 were identified as the major Hev b allergens and they should be present in standardized latex extracts and in vitro allergosorbents. CCDs are only of minor relevance in patients with clinical relevant latex allergy. Component-resolved diagnostic analyses for latex allergy set the stage for an allergen-directed immunotherapy strategy

Making sense of the experimental evidence on endogenous timing in duopoly markets

The prediction of asymmetric equilibria with Stackelberg outcomes is clearly the most frequent result in the endogenous timing literature. Several experiments have tried to validate this prediction empirically, but failed to find support for it. By contrast, the experiments find that simultaneous-move outcomes are modal and that behavior in endogenous timing games is quite heterogeneous. This paper generalizes Saloner’s (1987) and Hamilton and Slutsky’s (1990) endogenous timing games by assuming that players are averse to inequality in payoffs. We explore the theoretical implications of inequity aversion and compare them to the empirical evidence. We find that this explanation is able to organize most of the experimental evidence on endogenous timing games. However, inequity aversion is not able to explain delay in Hamilton and Slutsky’s endogenous timing games.

Longitudinal clinical and serological survey of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Guaporé, southern Brazil, from 1995 to 1999

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode with an intra-vascular location in the mesentery. Our objective was to address several aspects of the natural history of this parasitosis, in a longitudinal clinical and seroepidemiological study. A total of 179 individuals living in a rural area with active transmission in southern Brazil were followed for five years (1995-1999) resulting in yearly prevalence of 28.2%, 4.2%, 10%, 20.2% and 2.8% and incidences of 0%, 5.9%, 8% and 1.5%, respectively. Both men and woman were affected with higher frequencies at age 30-49 years. In 32 individuals serum samples were collected at all time points and IgG antibody reactivity detected by ELISA was variable and usually persisting not longer than one year. Some individual antibody patterns were suggestive of re-infection. There was no association with occurrence of abdominal pain or of other enteroparasites and there was no individual with a confirmed (histopathologic) diagnosis. Mollusks were found with infective third-stage larvae in some houses with an overall prevalence of 16% and a low parasitic burden. In conclusion, abdominal angiostrongyliasis in southern Brazil may be a frequent infection with low morbidity and a gradually decreasing serological reactivity.