754 resultados para well-being work
Resumo:
Allergic diseases including food allergy and eczema in an infant in combination with the everyday activities of caring for a family will pose challenges to parents. Only fragments of these challenges are revealed to health care professionals. Families have varying mental, social and economic resources to help them care for an allergic infant, and all such resources are important in determining how families succeed in meeting these challenges and the quality of the infants care. This study evaluated the whole burden to the family caused by an infant's allergic disease during the first 24 months of life. As the primary caregiver during this period is usually the mother, her perspective was considered important. Ecocultural theory, which considers families as capable of modifying the positive and negative forces facing them, was taken as the frame of reference. Data were collected as part of an ongoing prospective mother-infant study, and the methods included severity scoring of atopic dermatitis, dietary records, health-related quality of life measurements and assessments of the use of health care services and medications for treating the infants eczema, food allergy and asthma. Interviews with mothers were analysed by deductive content analysis on the basis of ecocultural theory and the family empowerment model. The theme Living an ordinary family life guided the organization of family activities essential for treating the infant's food allergy and eczema. These activities were sources of both strain and support for the mothers, the allergy-related supporting factors being the mothers own knowledge of the allergy, hopes for an improvement in the infants condition, social support and work. An infants food allergy at the age of one year caused considerable strain for the mother in cases where the introduction of new foods into the childs diet was delayed. This delay was still causing the mother additional strain when the child was 24 months of age. The infants waking at night at the ages of 12 and 24 months because of itching related to eczema caused strain for the mothers. The infants health-related quality of life was impaired at ages of 6 and 12 months compared with healthy infants. The principal reasons for impairments were itching, scratching and sleep disturbances at 6 and 12 months and treatment difficulties at 6 months. Problems with getting to sleep were reported at all stages irrespective of eczema and were also present in healthy infants. The economic impact of the treatment of allergic diseases on families during the first 24 months was 131 EUR (2006 value) in cases of eczema and 525 EUR in cases of food allergy. From the societal perspective, the costs of food allergy were a median of 3183 EUR (range 62811 560 EUR) and of eczema a median of 275 EUR (range 941306 EUR). These large variations in costs in food allergy and eczema indicate that disease varies greatly . In conclusion, food allergy and eczema cause extra activities and costs to families which arrange these disease-related activities in such a way that they support the leading family theme Living an ordinary family life. Health care professionals should consider this thematic character of family life and disease-related activities in order to ensure that new treatments are sustainable, meaningful and tailored to daily activities. In addition, those mothers who are experiencing difficulties with food allergic infants or infants with eczema should be recognized early and provided with individual encouragement and support from health clinics. In the light of the present results, early detection of symptoms and effective parental guidance can contribute to the well-being and health-related quality of life of the child and family.
Resumo:
Prerequisites and effects of proactive and preventive psycho-social student welfare activities in Finnish preschool and elementary school were of interest in the present thesis. So far, Finnish student welfare work has mainly focused on interventions and individuals, and the voluminous possibilities to enhance well-being of all students as a part of everyday school work have not been fully exploited. Consequently, in this thesis three goals were set: (1) To present concrete examples of proactive and preventive psycho-social student welfare activities in Finnish basic education; (2) To investigate measurable positive effects of proactive and preventive activities; and (3) To investigate implementation of proactive and preventive activities in ecological contexts. Two prominent phenomena in preschool and elementary school yearstransition to formal schooling and school bullyingwere chosen as examples of critical situations that are appropriate targets for proactive and preventive psycho-social student welfare activities. Until lately, the procedures concerning both school transitions and school bullying have been rather problem-focused and reactive in nature. Theoretically, we lean on the bioecological model of development by Bronfenbrenner and Morris with concentric micro-, meso-, exo- and macrosystems. Data were drawn from two large-scale research projects, the longitudinal First Steps Study: Interactive Learning in the ChildParent Teacher Triangle, and the Evaluation Study of the National Antibullying Program KiVa. In Study I, we found that the academic skills of children from preschoolelementary school pairs that implemented several supportive activities during the preschool year developed more quickly from preschool to Grade 1 compared with the skills of children from pairs that used fewer practices. In Study II, we focused on possible effects of proactive and preventive actions on teachers and found that participation in the KiVa antibullying program influenced teachers self-evaluated competence to tackle bullying. In Studies III and IV, we investigated factors that affect implementation rate of these proactive and preventive actions. In Study III, we found that principals commitment and support for antibullying work has a clear-cut positive effect on implementation adherence of student lessons of the KiVa antibullying program. The more teachers experience support for and commitment to anti-bullying work from their principal, the more they report having covered KiVa student lessons and topics. In Study IV, we wanted to find out why some schools implement several useful and inexpensive transition practices, whereas other schools use only a few of them. We were interested in broadening the scope and looking at local-level (exosystem) qualities, and, in fact, the local-level activities and guidelines, along with teacherreported importance of the transition practices, were the only factors significantly associated with the implementation rate of transition practices between elementary schools and partner preschools. Teacher- and school-level factors available in this study turned out to be mostly not significant. To summarize, the results confirm that school-based promotion and prevention activities may have beneficial effects not only on students but also on teachers. Second, various top-down processes, such as engagement at the level of elementary school principals or local administration may enhance implementation of these beneficial activities. The main message is that when aiming to support the lives of children the primary focus should be on adults. In future, promotion of psychosocial well-being and the intrinsic value of inter- and intrapersonal skills need to be strengthened in the Finnish educational systems. Future research efforts in student welfare and school psychology, as well as focused training for psychologists in educational contexts, should be encouraged in the departments of psychology and education in Finnish universities. Moreover, a specific research centre for school health and well-being should be established.
Resumo:
The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects functioning and provides services from which humans benefit. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how aquatic plant species richness and identity affect ecosystem functioning in terms of processes such as primary production, nutrient availability, epifaunal colonization and properties e.g. stability of Zostera marina subjected to shading. The main work was carried out in the field and ranged temporally from weeklong to 3.5 months-long experiments. The experimental plants used frequently co-occur in submerged meadows in the northern Baltic Sea and consist of eelgrass (Z. marina), perfoliate pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus), sago pondweed (P. pectinatus), slender-leaved pondweed (P. filiformis) and horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris). The results showed that plant richness affected epifaunal community variables weakly, but had a strong positive effect on infaunal species number and functional diversity, while plant identity had strong effects on amphipods (Gammarus spp.), of which abundances were higher in plant assemblages consisting of P. perfoliatus. Depending on the starting standardizing unit, plant richness showed varying effects on primary production. In shoot density-standardized plots, plant richness increased the shoot densities of three out of four species and enhanced the plant biomass production. Both positive complementarity and selection effects were found to underpin the positive biodiversity effects. In shoot biomass-standardized plots, richness effects only affected biomass production of one species. Negative selection was prevalent, counteracting positive complementarity, which resulted in no significant biodiversity effect. The stability of Z. marina was affected by plant richness in such that Z. marina growing in polycultures lost proportionally less biomass than Z. marina in monocultures and thus had a higher resistance to shading. Monoculture plants in turn gained biomass faster, and thereby had a faster recovery than Z. marina growing in polycultures. These results indicate that positive interspecific interactions occurred during shading, while the faster recovery of monocultures suggests that the change from shading stress to recovery resulted in a shift from positive interactions to resource competition between species. The results derived from this thesis show that plant diversity affects ecosystem functioning and contribute to the growing knowledge of plant diversity being an important component of aquatic ecosystems. Diverse plant communities sustain higher primary productivity than comparable monocultures, affect faunal communities positively and enhance stability. Richness and identity effects vary, and identity has generally stronger effects on more variables than richness. However, species-rich communities are likely to contain several species with differing effects on functions, which renders species richness important for functioning. Mixed meadows add to coastal ecosystem functioning in the northern Baltic Sea and may provide with services essential for human well-being.
Resumo:
The influence of stress in an environment, according with the behavioral and endocrine variables of primates, are increasingly being studied by a diversity of authors, and have shown that abnormal behaviors associated with increased glucocorticoids may be directly related with the impairment of their well-being. In this work were used 22 adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 11 males and 11 females, kept in captivity in three different institutions. All animals had their behavior registered by focal session using a 30 seconds sample interval, during six months, totaling 4,800 registries per each animal. During this period, fecal samples were collected 3 times a week for the extraction and measurement of the concentration of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoid by radioimmunoassay. Of the total observed, stereotypical behaviors represented 13,45±2.76%, and among them, self-mutilation represented 38.28±3.98 %. The animals were classified into three different scores, according with the percentage of body surface with alopecia due to self-mutilation. It was found a positive correlation of high intensity between the scores of alopecia due to the observed mutilation and the average concentrations of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoids. This result strongly suggests that this measurement of self-mutilation in a chimpanzee can be used as an important auxiliary tool to evaluate de conditions of adaptation of an animal in captivity, functioning as a direct indicator of the presence of chronic stress.
Resumo:
Tmn tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ern yrityksen tyhyvinvointimallin rakentamista. Tavoitteena oli tarkastella mys tyhyvinvoinnin kehittmistoimenpiteit ja kehittmistarpeita kyseisess yrityksess. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena haastattelemalla yrityksen tyhyvinvointitoimijoita syksyll 2011 ja projektin aikana, sek hydyntmll valmista materiaalia. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, ett kohdeyrityksess tyhyvinvointiin vaikuttavat tekijt ovat hyvin samankaltaisia kuin aiemmassa tyhyvinvointia koskevassa tutkimuksessa esiin nousseet tekijt. Esimiesty nousi esiin suurimpana tyhyvinvointiin vaikuttavana tekijn. Muita esiin nousseita tekijit olivat kiire, resurssointi ja aikataulupaineet. Kohdeyrityksess koettiin mys jatkuvien organisaatiomuutosten vaikuttaneen tyhyvinvointiin. Tyhyvinvoinnin tilan seuraamiseksi asetettiin mittarit. On trke ett mittareilla seurataan tyhyvinvoinnin tilaa laaja-alaisesti, niin ennakoivilla kuin jlkijttisill mittareilla, sek pohditaan aika-ajoin onko kytss oikeat mittarit ja miten niist saatuun tietoon pystytn reagoimaan.
Resumo:
Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt, miten hoitotyntekijiden henkist hyvinvointia voidaan tukea tyympristss, sek mitk psykososiaaliset tekijt vaikuttavat henkiseen hyvinvointiin. Lisksi tutkittiin henkisen hyvinvoinnin tukemiseen liittyvi ajankohtaisia haasteita. Tutkimus toteutettiin yhteistyss kuntaorganisaation kanssa laadullisena tutkimuksena, ja aineisto kerttiin puolistrukturoitujen haastattelujen avulla. Tutkimusta varten haastateltiin 13 henkil, kahdeksan hoitotyntekij ja viisi lhiesimiest. Tutkimus osoitti, ett hoitotyntekijiden henkist hyvinvointia tyss voidaan tukea vaikuttamalla viestintn, sek organisaatiotason tekijihin, kuten tavoitteisiin, jatkuvuuden rakentumiseen ja tyn organisointiin. Alaistaitoihin kuuluvat tekijt, kuten omasta hyvinvoinnista huolehtiminen sek tyhn ja organisaatioon sitoutuminen ovat tutkimuksen perusteella tekijit, jotka vaikuttavat henkiseen hyvinvointiin. Lisksi tutkimus vahvisti tyntekijiden henkisten ongelmien olevan kasvava haaste suomalaisissa tyorganisaatioissa.
Resumo:
Tmn tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia miten Pirkanmaan Osuuskaupan esimiehet ymmrtvt tyhyvinvoinnin merkityksen esimiestyssn ja mit asioita heidn tulisi viel kehitt tyhyvinvointi osaamisessaan. Tykyvyn johtamista verrattiin Elinkeinoelmn keskusliiton luomaan tykyvynjohtamisen malliin. Tutkimuksen pohjalta laadittiin ehdotuksia, jotta esimiesten osaamista, ymmrtmyst ja kyky hydynt tyhyvinvoinnin vlineit voitaisiin kehitt ja yllpit oikeilla toimenpiteill. Yrityksiss tyhyvinvointiin on alettu kiinnitt entist enemmn huomiota kiireisen tytahdin, tyn vaatimusten sek tyurien mahdollisten pidentymisen vuoksi, jolloin tynantajan lisksi vaaditaan mys tyntekijilt panostusta tyhyvinvointiin. Tutkimus toteutettiin kyttmll laadullista menetelm. Aineiston keruu tehtiin puolistrukturoidun teemahaastattelun avulla. Haastatteluihin valikoitui 4 esimiest. Haastattelujen avulla kartoitettiin esimiesten tietoja ja nkemyksi tyhyvinvoinnista ja heidn tyhyvinvointiosaamisen tasosta. Tutkimuksen avulla selvisi, ett esimiesten keskuudessa tyhyvinvoinnin yllpitmiseen ja kehittmiseen panostetaan vhemmn kuin mit olisi mahdollista. Suurimmiksi esteiksi tyhyvinvoinnin toteuttamiselle muodostuivat aika, resurssit ja asenteet. Pirkanmaan Osuuskaupan johtamistyn ja toimintatapojen vlill on eroja verrattuna Elinkeinoelmn keskusliiton tykykyjohtamisen malliin. Esimiesty on mahdollisuuksia tynn oleva kilpailuetu, mutta samalla mys huomattava haaste.
Resumo:
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) causing high fish mortalities and significant economic losses to the freshwater salmonid aquaculture industry around the world. Today BCWD outbreaks are mainly treated with environmentally hazardous antimicrobial agents and alternative preventative measures are urgently needed in order to ensure the well-being of animals and the sustainability of aquaculture. The diversity of pathogenic bacteria challenges the development of universal control strategies and in many cases the pathogen population structure, i.e. the total genetic diversity of the species must be taken into account. This work integrates the tools of modern molecular biology and conventional phenotypic microbiology to gain knowledge about the diversity and population structure of F. psychrophilum. The present work includes genetic characterization of a large collection of isolates collected from diverse origins and years, from aquaculture in a whole region including different countries, and provides the first international validation of a universal multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach for unambiguous genetic typing of F. psychrophilum. Population structure analyses showed that the global F. psychrophilum population is subdivided into pathogenic species-specific clones, of which one particular genetic lineage, clonal complex CC-ST2, has been responsible for the majority of BCWD outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in European aquaculture facilities over several decades. Genotypic and phenotypic population heterogeneity affecting antimicrobial resistance in F. psychrophilum within BCWD outbreaks was discovered. Specific genotypes were associated with severe infections in farmed rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and in addition to high adherence, antimicrobial resistance was strongly associated with outbreak strains. The study brought additional support for the hypothesis of an epidemic F. psychrophilum population structure, where recombination is an important force for the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity, and a significant contribution towards mapping the genetic diversity of this important fish pathogen. Evidence indicating dissemination of virulent strains with commercial movement of fish and fish products was strengthened.
Resumo:
Tyohyvinvointi sisaltaa tyontekijan terveydellisten tekijoiden lisaksi henkisen paaoman nakokulman, joka kattaa tyontekijan fyysisen ja psyykkisen hyvinvoinnin, tiedot ja taidot, ammatillisen osaamisen, seka koulutustaustan. Jotta organisaatiot voisivat menestya, ja vastata sidosryhmiensa odotuksiin aiempaa tehokkaammin, yksittaisten tyontekijoiden tulisi tiedostaa oma roolinsa yritysten liiketoiminnallisten paamaarien saavuttamisessa. Henkiloston tulee ymmartaa yrityksen strategia ja arvot, seka oman tyonsa merkitys niiden toteuttamisessa. Hyvinvoivassa tyoyhteisossa vuorovaikutus on avointa, ja jos organisaation henkilosto ei koe tyoilmapiiria tarpeeksi laadukkaaksi, voivat toiden tehokkuus, laatu, seka tuloksellisuus karsia. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ollut osallistua tyoyhteisoiden ymparilla kaytavaan aktiiviseen keskusteluun, joka kasitteellistaa erilaisia tyohyvinvoinnin ilmioita organisaatioihin ja niiden toimintaymparistoihin kohdistuvissa muutoksissa. Tieteellisten tyohyvinvointiin ja organisaatiomuutoksiin kohdistuvien teorioiden lisaksi tutkimuksessa toteutettiin laadullinen kyselytutkimus yksittaisen tyontekijan nakokulmasta, ja sen tarkoituksena on ollut tutkia kohdeorganisaation yksikon henkiloston vaikutusmahdollisuuksia omaan tyohyvinvointiinsa. Vastausten kokoamisen, seka tulosten analysoinnin perusteella voidaan todeta etta tyohyvinvointi on koko henkiloston vastuulla tyontekijoiden asemasta riippumatta.
Resumo:
Organisaatiot kohtaavat jatkuvasti uusia ja vaativia haasteita. Organisaatiot tarvit-sevat henkilstn asiantuntemusta ja osaamista, jotta voisivat menesty kaiken aikaa kovenevassa kilpailutilanteessa. Henkilstn osaaminen, tiedot ja taidot on tunnistettu organisaation trkeimmksi voimavaraksi. Tmn tutkimuksen tavoit-teena oli selvitt, millaista tietoa henkilst organisaatiossa johtamis- ja esimies-tyt tekevt tarvitsevat strategisen henkilstjohtamisen tueksi. Tutkimus suoritettiin tapaustutkimuksena kehitysvammapalveluja tuottavassa or-ganisaatiossa. Empiirinen aineisto kerttiin ja analysoitiin mrllisin menetelmin kyselytutkimuksena. Analysoinnissa kytettiin lisksi sislln analyysia. Tutki-muskysely kohdennettiin kohdeorganisaatiossa johtamis- ja esimiestyt tekevil-le. Kohdeorganisaation johtamis- ja esimiestyt tekevt tarvitsevat strategisen hen-kilstjohtamisen tueksi monipuolista laadullista ja mrllist tietoa henkilsts-t ja taloudesta sek palautetta oman esimiestyn laadusta. Tieto henkilstn tyhyvinvoinnista ja tytyytyvisyydest koettiin trkeksi. Tuotetut tiedot tulisi olla saatavissa yhdest paikasta. Esimiehet tarvitsevat mys osaamisen vahvistamista tuotetun tiedon tulkintaan ja ksittelyyn.
Resumo:
Tss tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kiirekokemuksia ja tyhyvinvointiin liittyvi kuormitustekijit Nordea Private Banking henkilstn keskuudessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvitt kohdeorganisaation henkilstn kokemuksia kiireest ja sen vaikutuksista koettuun tyhyvinvointiin. Tutkimuksessa lhdettiin hakemaan vastausta kysymykseen, miten ajankytn suunnitelmallisuudella voidaan saada aikaan kiireen tunnetta helpottavat olosuhteet ja tt kautta parantaa henkilstn tyhyvinvointia. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena eli kvalitatiivisena tapaustutkimuksena. Aineistonkeruumenetelmn kytettiin teemahaastatteluita. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto on kertty haastattelemalla kohdeorganisaation henkilst kolmessa eri liiketoimintayksikss marras-joulukuussa 2015. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella saatiin viitteet siihen, ett ajankytn hallinnalla ja tyn suunnitelmallisella toteuttamisella voidaan vaikuttaa positiivisesti tyss koettuun kiireeseen ja sen kautta tyn henkiseen kuormitukseen. Tyhn liittyv autonomia ja sen suunnitelmallinen hydyntminen johtaa vhisempiin kiirekokemuksiin ja luo tunteen omasta ajanhallinnasta. Hyvn ajanhallinnan tunne puolestaan johtaa tyn henkisen kuormituksen vhentymiseen.
Resumo:
A teachers perception of a school subject affects a teachers teaching and by extension pupils learning. The main purpose of this thesis is to describe the variation in the ways class-teachers perceive teaching within science subjects and to illustrate how these teachers choose to work and why they choose as they do. This purpose is operationalized into three central research questions concerning a teachers perception of teaching, teachers experiences of working methods in the subject and different aspects that are consciously present when the teacher makes his or her choice of working methods. These aspects are viewed from two different perspectives: a subject educational perspective and a teacher perspective. The theoretical background of the study is interdisciplinary. The thesis is a qualitative study where the research approach is phenomenographic. The empirical investigation was made as two separate studies: a semistructured interview study (N = 15) followed by a stimulated recall study (N = 3), a combined interview and video-observation. Results from the empirical investigation indicate that regarding aims for science education teachers wish to awaken or maintain the pupils interest in nature and science and that the pupils within the science subjects shall build a base for fundamental general knowledge. As motives for teaching the science subjects teachers view the subjects as a foundation for everyday life, planning and democracy but also for pupils further studies and a possible career in the field. The interdisciplinary key competences and the care for the pupils well being are aspects that are consciously present when teachers make their choice of working methods. A great variation can be found in the teachers perceptions of the science subjects as subjects and of the working methods within these subjects. Teachers describe lack of time on their own part as well as for the pupils learning. Results from the empirical investigation also indicate that teachers modestly focus on aims for the teaching and communication regarding these aims. There seems to be an existing need for increased and qualitatively improved inservice education within these subjects.
Resumo:
Mari Huhtalan vitskirja Virtues that work: Ethical organisational culture as a context for occupational well-being and personal work goals (Jyvskyln yliopisto 2013).
Resumo:
National governments, the United Nations, and other organizations have deemed sport and other means of physical activity such as recreation, games and play for development a useful means for addressing a wide range of problems in communities and more specifically, providing youth with an opportunity to experience the benefits of physical activity. There is a need for research that furthers our understanding of how participants experience these programs. Specifically, the purpose of this study, was to better understand the lived experiences of the participants in a YMCA camp program that integrated physical activity and play for the specific development of poor youth street workers. A phenomenological approach infonned by a critical perspective (Creswell, 2003; Rossman & Rallis, 2003) was used. The study took place through the Asociaci6n Cristiana de J6venes de Costa Rica (ACJ) in Central America. The focus was on a camp program and the lived experiences of six purposefully chosen, youth street workers between the ages of 13-17. Their experiences were explored through semi-structured interviews. Other data that fonn the study include: field notes, observations, a reflexive journal and document analysis. The findings that emerged from the data include main themes of relationships, poverty, personal change and empowennent. For many youth, the ACJ is a relatively safe place to play, to "detach," their minds, to "distract" and "disorient" themselves from their dysfunctional families, violent neighbourhood, the poverty they live in, and from the necessity of having to work in the street to supplement the family income. Although many studies have shown that programs that include physical activity, play and/or sport have a positive impact on youth with regard to healthy development and improvements in well-being, there has been little work done to address the voices and experiences of the youth that participate in these programs. Using an interpretive-critical approach, this study focused on the participants' personal backgrounds, their experiences within the program and their critical reflections on the program. This study draws from a phenomenological philosophy and method to report findings from participants in an ACJ program in Costa Rica. This research shows how these youth were given the opportunity to use the program and the ACJ property as a relatively safe place to play, to behave like the youth they are, to establish and maintain their friendship networks, and develop empathy and conflict resolution skills. The fmdings from this study reveal how by participating in the ACJ program they each described a personal change, wherein they felt empowered to learn they could positivel y control themselves and as a result positively affect their own futures. These fmdings contribute knowledge surrounding the lived experiences of youth in developmental programs that use physical activity.
Resumo:
Organizations offering therapeutic wilderness programming have a responsibility to ensure the well-being of their front line employees. A system of social support that is formed through communication with others, either personally or professionally, can assist field instructors in effectively managing the demands arising from their work. Phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts from seven participants provided insight on perceptions of necessity, accessibility and use of social support. Fourteen main themes and thirteen subthemes emerged from the data. Findings are presented using the six components of Parsons (1980) staff development model and strongly suggest program managers consider and apply specific measures aimed at increasing the social support for front line field instructors in a wilderness therapy work context.
