901 resultados para Pesos e medidas corporais
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Foram determinadas medidas biométricas de caprinos leiteiros com o objetivo de estimar equações que permitam predizer o peso e as características da carcaça de animais sob diferentes condições nutricionais. Realizou-se um experimento em duas fases, utilizando-se 27 cabritos machos da raça Saanen em cada uma, distribuídos nos tratamentos: alimentação à vontade, 30 e 60% de restrição. O peso vivo (PV) inicial foi de 5 kg na Fase 1 e 20 kg na Fase 2, abatendo-se os animais ao atingirem 20 e 35 kg de PV, respectivamente. Foram determinadas as medidas biométricas e avaliada a condição corporal no animal vivo e, após o abate e resfriamento de 24 horas, as medidas da carcaça. Estimaram-se o peso em jejum (PJ), o peso da carcaça fria (PCF) e a compacidade da carcaça, em função das medidas biométricas. O perímetro torácico e o comprimento corporal foram as medidas biométricas que apresentaram melhor ajuste para estimar o PJ, o PCF e a compacidade da carcaça e, por isso, são recomendados, por serem precisos, práticos e de fácil execução.
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O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os pesos e porcentagens de órgãos em relação ao peso vivo ao abate (PVA), ao peso de corpo vazio (PCV) e ao peso total dos órgãos (PTO) de cordeiros inteiros 1/2 Ile de France 1/2 Ideal confinados, recebendo dietas com relações volumoso:concentrado de 50:50 e 30:70 e abatidos aos 30 ou 34 kg. Os parâmetros mensurados foram: língua, pulmões com traquéia, coração, fígado, pâncreas, timo, tireóide, adrenal, rins, testículos, baço, diafragma, bexiga, pênis e glândulas anexas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram diferenças entre os pesos ao abate nas porcentagens de língua, coração, pulmões com traquéia, diafragma, pâncreas, tireóide, baço e glândulas anexas em relação ao PVA; nas porcentagens de língua, pulmões com traquéia, fígado, pâncreas, baço e glândulas anexas em relação ao PCV e nas porcentagens de pulmões com traquéia, fígado, pâncreas, tireóide, baço e glândulas anexas em relação ao PTO. Dietas com diferentes relações volumoso:concentrado afetaram apenas as porcentagens de pâncreas em relação ao PVA, ao PCV e ao PTO. Verificaram-se interações entre relação volumoso:concentrado e peso vivo ao abate nos pesos dos pulmões com traquéia, fígado, pâncreas, tireóide e glândulas anexas.
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The present dissertation tells a proposal of based pedagogical intervention in the use of practical corporal cooperatives during lessons of physical education in intention to create situations that allow to educating to reflect on the violence and its consequences in the social relations in the school. For in such a way, we leave from the following question of study: which perspectives of the physical education to contribute to minimize the aggressive and violent attitudes of the pupils in the school? Centered in the objective to reflect on the aggressiveness, the violence and bullying in the school, the light of a theoretical recital and in the perspectives of contribution of practical the corporal cooperatives for the reduction of its effect in the pertaining to school environment, in particular in the lessons of physical education, we search among others to involve the pupils in activities that stimulated the expression of human values as solidarity, respect and cooperation. In this intention, we opt to a ethnographic study for the possibility of next interaction between investigator and the investigated one. Our research is directly on to the social aspects that involve the problems of the society in a general way, in the attempt to diminish the decurrent problems of aggression situations, that they happen in one definitive municipal school of the city of Natal/RN, the sample being constituted of pupils of 6º year of Basic Education. It analyzes the practical situations lived deeply by the pupils had revealed efficient to minimize the aggressive attitudes in the pertaining to school space, as well as it opens perspectives so that the educators deal better with such attitudes, using to advantage them to educate the pupils in the direction to stimulate the good relations. We believe that with this research, to be able to of course share with other schools our experiences in the attempt of resolution of similar problems regarding thematic of the aggressiveness, respecting the specificity of each school in particular
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To mesure the human performance is a challenge, mainly due to the multidimensional factor movement. Instruments, mostly only assess one dimension of it. Objective: To develop a prototype capable of measuring the skills of human performance and check its validity using method comparison approach. Methods: The study was divided into two stages. The first Prototype was developed and tested simultaneously with an instrument to study the Rectilinear Uniform Motion and Uniformly Miscellaneous. In the second phase the sample consisted of Paralympic basketball athletes (n=09) and karate athletes (n=31) and all agreed to the terms of participation in the research. The evaluation of performance measures was performed with the prototype, the results obtained were compared with the data calculated by a statistical package is used as a reference. Results: All variables calculated by the prototype showed no significant differences when compared with the results calculated by the reference instrument and statistical package. Conclusion: The prototype has been developed and the results obtained in laboratory and field indicate that the prototype can be used for measuring human performance measures, with immediate results without the need for a conventional computer return, provided they fulfill the criteria described
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Genetic parameters for weights (17, 942 records), obtained in intervals of 60 days, from the birth to selection (378 days of age), of 2,582 males of the Nellore breed was estimated in univariate analyses by the Maximum Restricted Likelihood method. The models of analysis models included the fixed effects of contemporary groups, month of birth, mother age and age when the weights were collected as covariate. Three models differing in random effects were tested: the model 1 (M1) was adjusted for the direct and maternal addictive genetic effects and maternal permanent environment; in model 2 (M2) the maternal genetic effect was excluded; and the model 3 (M3) was only adjusted for the direct addictive genetic effect. The test of likelihood (LRT) detected significant differences, for all the ages, of M2 and M1 in relation to the simple model (M3), evidencing the importance of the maternal effects. Except for the birth weight (0.40), low values (0.05 to 0.12) of h(2) were found for M1 and M2 until 8 months of age and, after this period, reasonable increase could be observed, reaching 0.28 until 13 months of age. The estimates of the total variance fraction, due to the effect of maternal permanent environment, were high and practically became unaffected between the models 1 and 2. Maternal effects, not necessarily decomposed (in genetic addictive and permanent environment), affected the Nellore males growth. Models that contemplate maternal effects, besides the genetic addictive direct effects, are more realistic to describe the trajectory of the variances in the initial phases of growth of Nelore male calves.
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Foram avaliadas a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de genótipos de soja (Glycine max L.) segundo a metodologia clássica de Eberhart e Russell e a estabilidade dos mesmos genótipos pela metodologia não-paramétrica de Huhn. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e com 30 tratamentos (genótipos de soja), durante três anos consecutivos. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas por quatro linhas de cultivo, espaçadas de 0,50 m e com densidade de 25 plantas por metro linear. Como área útil, foram tomadas as linhas centrais, eliminando-se 0,5 m de cada extremidade. A comparação entre as metodologias foi efetuada considerando-se o caráter produção de grãos. Verificou-se correlação de posição significativa dos postos dos genótipos, entre o desvio da regressão e as duas medidas não-paramétricas de estabilidade, porém o mesmo não foi observado entre o coeficiente de regressão e as medidas não-paramétricas (Si(1) e Si(2)). As medidas Si(1) e Si(2) mostraram-se quase que perfeitamente correlacionadas.
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Trasnversal study, with the objective of evaluating the accuracy of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis excessive fluid volume in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study occurred in two stages, the first consisted of the evaluation of the diagnostic indicators in study; and the second, the diagnostic inference conducted by nurse diagnosticians. The first stage occurred from december 2012 to april 2013, in a University Hospital and a Hemodialysis Clinic in Northeastern of Brazil, with a sample of 100 chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. The data were selected through an interview form and a physical examination, organized into spreadsheets and analyzed as to the presence or absence of the indicators of diagnosis excessive fluid volume. In the second step, the spreadsheets were sent to three nurses diagnosticians, who judged the presence or absence of diagnosis in the clientele searched. This step was conducted from july to september 2013. For analysis of the data, we used descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive analysis, we used measures of central tendency and dispersion. In inferential analysis, we used the tests Chi- square, Fisher and prevalence ratios. The accuracy of the clinical indicators pertaining to the diagnosis were measured as to the specificity, sensitivity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and Diagnostic Odds Ratio. Also developed a logistic regression. The results were organized in tables and discussed with literature. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, with Presentation Certificate for Ethics Appreciation nº 08696212.7.0000.5537. The results revealed that the diagnosis studied was present in 82% of patients. The characteristics with prevalence above 50 % that stood out were: azotemia, decreased hematocrit, electrolyte imbalance, intake exceeds output, anxiety, edema, decreased hemoglobin, oliguria and blood pressure changes. Eight defining characteristics were presented statistically significant association with the nursing diagnosis investigated: pulmonary congestion, intake exceeds output, electrolytes imbalance, jugular vein distension, edema, weight gain over short period of time, agitation and adventitious breath sounds. Among these, the 10 characteristics which showed higher prevalence ratios were: edema and weight gain over short period of time. The features with the highest sensitivity were edema, electrolytes imbalance and intake exceeds output and the standing out with greater specificity were: anasarca, weight gain over short period of time, change in respiratory pattern, adventitious breath sounds, pulmonary congestion, agitation and jugular vein distension. The indicators jugular vein distension, electrolytes imbalance, intake exceeds output, increased central venous pressure and edema, together, were identified in the logistic regression model as the most significant predictors. It is concluded that the identification of accurate clinical indicators allow a good prediction of the nursing diagnosis of excessive fluid volume in patients undergoing hemodialysis in order to assist the nurse in the inference process, which will contribute to the success of patient care. In addition, nurses will consider for diagnostic inference not only his clinical experience, but also scientific evidence of the occurrence of excessive fluid volume, contributing to the control of volemia in these patients
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O objetivo neste estudo foi estimar as correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassonografia em bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando a estatística bayesiana por meio da Amostragem de Gibbs, sob modelo animal linear-limiar. Foram estudadas as características categóricas morfológicas de musculosidade, estrutura física, conformação e sacro, avaliadas aos 15 e 22 meses de idade. Para as características de carcaça, foram avaliadas as características área de olho-de-lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa e altura na garupa. Os escores visuais devem ser empregados como critérios de seleção para aumentar o progresso genético para a característica área de olhode-lombo e, consequentemente, melhorar o rendimento de carcaça. As estimativas de correlação genética obtidas para musculosidade com espessura de gordura subcutânea e espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa indicaram que a seleção para musculosidade pode levar a animais com melhor acabamento de carcaça. A seleção para a estrutura física e conformação aos 15 e 22 meses de idade pode promover resposta correlacionada para o aumento da altura na garupa.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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This Masters degree dissertation presents a research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding within a hotel managers work in Natal/RN - Brazil, This Masters degree dissertation presents the research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding the hotel managers work in Natal / RN - Brazil, performing diagnosis of their activities and relating the aspects that impact the quality and productivity of hotel services and managers occupational health. This research is characterized as a case study with a qualitative approach, taking the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis which is the analysis of the managers work activity as a reference to the focus; and combining the use of observational and interactional methods. Ergonomics and macroergonomics are used in this study not only to understand the physical, cognitive and organizational constraints of the manager s duties, but also to characterize the work organizational architecture and design of that hotel. High workload, accumulation of tasks and diversion of functions performed by managers were noticed, increasing thereby the physical and psychological suffering for them. It was found that the activity of managers is characterized by the ambivalence of power, limited autonomy, cooperation, interdependence between managers and the fear of incompetence. It was also noticed that managers devote more time to the day job (37%), another time to sleep (30%), while only 33% of the rest of the day are meant for activities like taking care of health, family, social life and study. Although there are few studies addressing the health and safety of hotel managers, this research revealed that 84% of the surveyed hotel managers complain of musculoskeletal pain which 50% are obese and are 100% sedentary. It was also observed that managers adopt unsuitable postures for carrying out the work activities that contribute to becoming injured or work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the near future. Ergonomic measures were recommended as an investment in the skills and the training of managers, encouraging cooperative work, appropriateness of workload, limiting overtime, preserving the enjoyment of breaks during work and weekly holidays, changing the layout of the work sector , usage of communication technology to prevent displacement, compensatory physical activities, furniture adaptation, among others
Resumo:
Objetivou-se obter equações de regressão linear simples para estimativa da composição química corporal de novilhos Nelore a partir da composição química do corte da 9-10-11ª costelas. Foram utilizados 27 bovinos em confinamento, com 21 a 31 meses de idade e 338,0 a 503,6 kg de peso corporal. do total, foram abatidos seis animais (referência) ao início do experimento para estimativa da composição química corporal. A composição química em água, proteína, EE e cinzas foi determinada no corte da 9-10-11ª costelas e nos tecidos corporais. As equações de regressão para estimativa do peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ) a partir dos pesos de jejum (PV) e carcaça quente (PCQ) foram PCVZ = 0,8726 PV - 2,7399 e PCVZ = 1,5350 PCQ + 13,598 (R² = 0,98). O ganho de 1 kg de PCVZ correspondeu a aproximadamente 1,15 kg de PV. A porcentagem de água no corpo vazio (CVz) esteve altamente correlacionada às porcentagens de água (R² = 0,98) e EE (R² = 0,91) no corte das costelas. A equação mais indicada foi a desenvolvida a partir da porcentagem de água no corte das costelas (Sx, y = 0,46). Verificou-se alta correlação entre a porcentagem de EE no CVz e a porcentagem de EE (R² = 0,95) no corte das costelas, portanto, a equação %EE CVz = 0,9662%EE costelas + 1,5294 pode ser utilizada para estimativa da composição do CVz em EE. O mesmo ocorreu para a porcentagem de cinzas, sendo recomendada a equação %MM CVz = 0,5915%MM costelas + 0,7619 (R² = 0,88). A composição química percentual em água, EE e minerais no corte das 9-10-11ª costelas permitiu estimar com acuidade a composição do corpo vazio.
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Com objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos para perímetro escrotal medido aos 12 (PE12) e aos 18 meses de idade (PE18) de machos e peso a um ano de idade (P365), peso ao primeiro parto (PPP), idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), dias para o primeiro parto (DP) e duração da primeira gestação (DG) medidos em fêmeas, além de correlações entre perímetro escrotal e as demais características, foram analisadas medidas de 9.932 fêmeas e medidas de perímetro escrotal de 14.521 machos Nelore provenientes de 28 rebanhos das regiões Sul e Sudeste do País. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados utilizando-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob modelo animal, em análises bi-características. As herdabilidades estimadas foram altas para PE12 (0,25 a 0,26), PE18 (0,35 a 0,37), P365 (0,35 e 0,38), PPP (0,40 e 0,41) e DG (0,19 e 0,20) e de menor magnitude para IPP (0,14 e 0,15) e DP (0,05 e 0,06). As correlações genéticas estimadas entre PE12 e P365, PPP, IPP, DP e DG foram de 0,28; 0,30; -0,15; -0,04 e 0,10, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre PE18 e P365, PPP, IPP, DP e DG, no entanto, foram de 0,29; 0,32; -0,21; -0,08 e 0,14, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem melhorias na eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas, principalmente quando os rebanhos são selecionados para PE18.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassom, para verificar a eficácia desses escores na determinação da musculosidade e na avaliação da carcaça. As características de carcaça medidas por ultrassom foram área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutânea (EG), mensuradas entre a região da 12ª e 13ª costelas, bem como a espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa (EGP8). As características de estrutura (E), precocidade (P) e musculosidade (M) foram avaliadas por meio de escores visuais. Os componentes de covariância usados para estimar as correlações genéticas e fenotípicas foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em uma análise multicaracterística. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre AOL e E, P e M foram 0,54, 0,58 e 0,61, respectivamente, e indicaram que, a longo prazo, a utilização da AOL como critério de seleção poderá produzir animais com maiores escores visuais para essas características. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre as espessuras de gordura (EG e EGP8) e os escores P e M apresentaram comportamento semelhante. Entretanto, as correlações genéticas entre as espessuras de gordura (EG e EGP8) e E foram próximas de zero. As correlações fenotípicas seguiram as mesmas tendências das respectivas correlações genéticas. Essas estimativas indicam que os escores visuais são determinados, em parte, pelos mesmos conjuntos de genes que influenciam a AOL.
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This work presents a set of intelligent algorithms with the purpose of correcting calibration errors in sensors and reducting the periodicity of their calibrations. Such algorithms were designed using Artificial Neural Networks due to its great capacity of learning, adaptation and function approximation. Two approaches willbe shown, the firstone uses Multilayer Perceptron Networks to approximate the many shapes of the calibration curve of a sensor which discalibrates in different time points. This approach requires the knowledge of the sensor s functioning time, but this information is not always available. To overcome this need, another approach using Recurrent Neural Networks was proposed. The Recurrent Neural Networks have a great capacity of learning the dynamics of a system to which it was trained, so they can learn the dynamics of a sensor s discalibration. Knowingthe sensor s functioning time or its discalibration dynamics, it is possible to determine how much a sensor is discalibrated and correct its measured value, providing then, a more exact measurement. The algorithms proposed in this work can be implemented in a Foundation Fieldbus industrial network environment, which has a good capacity of device programming through its function blocks, making it possible to have them applied to the measurement process