Diagnóstico e análise da rede social: o caso da prestação de cuidados continuados a crianças com diabetes

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Ramo de especialização: Qualidade e Tecnologias da Saúde

Impact of urban atmospheric environment on hospital admissions in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of intra-urban atmospheric conditions on circulatory and respiratory diseases in elder adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on data from 33,212 hospital admissions in adults over 60 years in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from 2003 to 2007. The association between atmospheric variables from Congonhas airport and bioclimatic index, Physiological Equivalent Temperature, was analyzed according to the district's socioenvironmental profile. Descriptive statistical analysis and regression models were used. RESULTS: There was an increase in hospital admissions due to circulatory diseases as average and lowest temperatures decreased. The likelihood of being admitted to the hospital increased by 12% with 1ºC decrease in the bioclimatic index and with 1ºC increase in the highest temperatures in the group with lower socioenvironmental conditions. The risk of admission due to respiratory diseases increased with inadequate air quality in districts with higher socioenvironmental conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between morbidity and climate variables and the comfort index varied in different groups and diseases. Lower and higher temperatures increased the risk of hospital admission in the elderly. Districts with lower socioenvironmental conditions showed greater adverse health impacts.

Position paper on time and event-triggered communication services in the context of e-manufacturing

Modern factories are complex systems where advances in networking and information technologies are opening new ways towards higher efficiency. Such move is being driven by market rules with ever-increasing competition levels, in search for faster time-to-market, improved process yield, non-stop operations, flexible manufacturing and tighter supply-chain coupling. All these aims present a common requirement, i.e. a realtime flow of information, from the plant-floor up to the management, maintenance, suppliers and clients, to support accurate monitoring and control of the factory. This stresses the importance achieved by the communication infrastructure in modern manufacturing industry. This paper presents the authors view concerning the current trends in modern factory communication systems. It addresses the problems of seamlessly integrating different information flows with diverse requirements, mainly in terms of timeliness. In this aspect, the debate between event-triggered and time-triggered communication is revisited as well as the joint support for both types of traffic. Finally, a view of where factory communication systems are moving to is also presented, showing the impact of open and widely available technologies.

Intervenção para a segurança do doente: análise dos obstáculos existentes na transferência de informação durante a passagem de turno de enfermagem

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Ramo de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde

Interação medicamentosa associada à reinternação hospitalar: estudo retrospectivo em um hospital geral

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre interação medicamentosa potencial e reinternação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 1.487 pacientes maiores de 18 anos admitidos em um hospital geral em Vitória da Conquista, BA, de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. Os dados foram extraídos da Autorização de Internação Hospitalar do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde. O relacionamento probabilístico foi empregado para combinar múltiplas autorizações de uma mesma internação em um único registro e para identificar readmissões. Informações sobre prescrições foram agregadas manualmente aos registros do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar. Regressão logística foi utilizada para quantificar a influência de interação medicamentosa potencial e reinternação. Regressão de Cox foi empregada para testar a influência dessa variável no tempo até a primeira reinternação. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 99 readmissões (7% dos pacientes). Interação medicamentosa potencial foi encontrada em 35% das prescrições analisadas. Pacientes com potencial de interação medicamentosa na admissão prévia foram mais propensos à reinternação. A razão de chance ajustada indicou que esses pacientes tinham chance 2,4 vezes maior de readmissão; a taxa de risco ajustada mostrou que em pacientes com interação medicamentosa esse risco foi 79% maior (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho sugerem associação entre exposição à interação em internação prévia e risco aumentado de reinternação. Os profissionais de saúde devem atentar para os riscos potenciais de certas combinações medicamentosas e monitorar cuidadosamente pacientes em maior risco, como aqueles com insuficiência renal ou idosos.

Fusão de hospitais em centros hospitalares : impacto no seu desempenho operacional e financeiro

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira

Eventos adversos a medicamentos em hospital terciário: estudo piloto com rastreadores

OBJETIVO : Estimar a frequência e caracterizar os eventos adversos a medicamentos em hospital de cuidados terciários. MÉTODOS : Revisão retrospectiva de 128 prontuários de hospital do Rio de Janeiro, em 2007, representando 2.092 pacientes. A ferramenta utilizada foi uma lista de rastreadores, como antídotos, análises laboratoriais com resultados anormais, suspensão brusca de medicação e outros. Foi extraída amostra aleatória simples daqueles pacientes com 15 anos ou mais de idade. Foram excluídos pacientes oncológicos e da obstetrícia, e os internados por menos de 48 horas ou na emergência. Os pacientes com e sem eventos adversos a medicamentos foram comparados quanto a características sociais, demográficas e de doenças, para testar as diferenças entre os grupos. RESULTADOS : Cerca de 70,0% dos prontuários apresentaram no mínimo um rastreador. A capacidade dos rastreadores de identificar eventos adversos a medicamentos foi 14,4%. A incidência de eventos adversos a medicamentos foi 26,6/100 pacientes. Foram identificados um ou mais eventos em 15,6% dos pacientes. O tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar foi 35,2 dias para os pacientes com eventos adversos a medicamentos e 10,7 dias para os demais (p < 0,01). As classes de medicamentos mais envolvidos foram as que atuam sobre o aparelho cardiovascular e sobre o sistema nervoso, e os do trato digestivo e metabolismo. Os fármacos mais imputados foram: tramadol, dipirona, glibenclamida e furosemida. Do total de eventos, 82,0% contribuíram ou provocaram danos temporários ao paciente e demandaram intervenção, e 6,0% podem ter contribuído para o óbito do paciente. Estima-se que o hospital apresente, anualmente, 131 eventos de sonolência e lipotimia, 33 quedas e 33 hemorragias potencialmente associados aos medicamentos. CONCLUSÕES : Quase 1/6 dos pacientes internados apresentou um evento adverso a medicamentos (16,0%). A ferramenta estudada pode ser útil como técnica de monitoramento e avaliação do resultado dos cuidados aos pacientes internados. A revisão da terapia com psicotrópicos merece ser feita, dada a frequência de eventos associados, como sedação excessiva, letargia, queda e hipotensão.

Democratic dialogue and collective learning in the context of self-managed teams

This paper provides a longitudinal, empirical view of the multifaceted and reciprocal processes of organizational learning in a context of self-managed teams. Organizational learning is seen as a social construction between people and actions in a work setting. The notion of learning as situated (Brown & Duguid 1989, Lave& Wenger 1991, Gherardi & al. 1998, Easterby-Smith & Araujo 1999, Abma 2003) opens up the possibility for placing the focus of research on learning in the community rather than in individual learning processes. Further, in studying processes in their social context, we cannot avoid taking power relations into consideration (Contu & Willmott 2003). The study is based on an action research with a methodology close to the ‘democratic dialogue’ presented by Gustavsen (2001). This gives a ground for research into how the learning discourse developed in the case study organization over a period of 5 years, during which time the company abandoned a middle management level of hierarchy and the teams had to figure out how to work as self-managed units. This paper discusses the (re)construction of power relations and its role in organizational learning. Power relations are discussed both in vertical and horizontal work relations. A special emphasis is placed on the dialectic between managerial aims and the space for reflection on the side of employees. I argue that learning is crucial in the search for the limits for empowerment and that these limits are negotiated both in actions and speech. This study unfolds a purpose-oriented learning process, constructing an open dialogue, and describes a favourable context for creative, knowledge building communities.

Da condição da génese do erro em enfermagem à segurança do cliente em serviços de urgência

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde

Principal components and generalized linear modeling in the correlation between hospital admissions and air pollution

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between concentrations of air pollutants and admissions for respiratory causes in children. METHODS Ecological time series study. Daily figures for hospital admissions of children aged < 6, and daily concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) were analyzed in the Região da Grande Vitória, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from January 2005 to December 2010. For statistical analysis, two techniques were combined: Poisson regression with generalized additive models and principal model component analysis. Those analysis techniques complemented each other and provided more significant estimates in the estimation of relative risk. The models were adjusted for temporal trend, seasonality, day of the week, meteorological factors and autocorrelation. In the final adjustment of the model, it was necessary to include models of the Autoregressive Moving Average Models (p, q) type in the residuals in order to eliminate the autocorrelation structures present in the components. RESULTS For every 10:49 μg/m3 increase (interquartile range) in levels of the pollutant PM10 there was a 3.0% increase in the relative risk estimated using the generalized additive model analysis of main components-seasonal autoregressive – while in the usual generalized additive model, the estimate was 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the usual generalized additive model, in general, the proposed aspect of generalized additive model − principal component analysis, showed better results in estimating relative risk and quality of fit.

Evaluation of maternal and neonatal hospital care: quality index of completeness

OBJECTIVE Develop an index to evaluate the maternal and neonatal hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System.METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study of national scope was based on the structure-process-outcome framework proposed by Donabedian and on comprehensive health care. Data from the Hospital Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments were used. The maternal and neonatal network of Brazilian Unified Health System consisted of 3,400 hospitals that performed at least 12 deliveries in 2009 or whose number of deliveries represented 10.0% or more of the total admissions in 2009. Relevance and reliability were defined as criteria for the selection of variables. Simple and composite indicators and the index of completeness were constructed and evaluated, and the distribution of maternal and neonatal hospital care was assessed in different regions of the country.RESULTS A total of 40 variables were selected, from which 27 single indicators, five composite indicators, and the index of completeness of care were built. Composite indicators were constructed by grouping simple indicators and included the following variables: hospital size, level of complexity, delivery care practice, recommended hospital practice, and epidemiological practice. The index of completeness of care grouped the five variables and classified them in ascending order, thereby yielding five levels of completeness of maternal and neonatal hospital care: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. The hospital network was predominantly of small size and low complexity, with inadequate child delivery care and poor development of recommended and epidemiological practices. The index showed that more than 80.0% hospitals had a low index of completeness of care and that most qualified heath care services were concentrated in the more developed regions of the country.CONCLUSIONS The index of completeness proved to be of great value for monitoring the maternal and neonatal hospital care of Brazilian Unified Health System and indicated that the quality of health care was unsatisfactory. However, its application does not replace specific evaluations.

Factors associated to breastfeeding in the first hour of life: systematic review

OBJECTIVE To identify independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life.METHODS A systematic review of Medline, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, till August 30, 2013, was performed without restrictions on language or date of publishing. Studies that used regression models and provided adjusted measures of association were included. Studies in which the regression model was not specified or those based on specific populations regarding age or the presence of morbidities were excluded.RESULTS The search resulted in 155 articles, from which 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted in Asia (9), Africa (5), and South America (4), between 1999 and 2013. The prevalence of breastfeeding within the first hour of life ranged from 11.4%, in a province of Saudi Arabia, to 83.3% in Sri Lanka. Cesarean delivery was the most consistent risk factor for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. “Low family income”, “maternal age less than 25 years”, “low maternal education”, “no prenatal visit”, “home delivery”, “no prenatal guidance on breastfeeding” and “preterm birth” were reported as risk factors in at least two studies.CONCLUSIONS Besides the hospital routines, indicators for low socioeconomic status and poor access to health services were also identified as independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Policies to promote breastfeeding, appropriate to each context, should aim to reduce inequalities in health.

Relatório de estágio em reabilitação neurológica: intervenção da fisioterapia em indivíduos com AVC em fase aguda

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

Índice de distorção, parâmetros celulares e composição química de cordierite de granitóides e corneanas da região de Tondela - Oliveira do Hospital (Portugal Central)

Memórias e Noticias, PubI. Mus. Lab. Mineral. Geol., Univ. Coimbra, n.O 116, 1993

Exposição ocupacional a campos electromagnéticos em ressonância magnética: a RM 3 TESLA do Hospital Dona Estefânia

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde