1000 resultados para Capacidade absorção


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Avaliou-se o efeito do estresse salino sobre a massa seca, a absorção e o transporte de nutrientes nas mangueiras 'Haden', 'Palmer', 'Tommy Atkins' e 'Ubá' enxertadas sobre 'Imbu'. Foi utilizada solução nutritiva de Hoagland modificada em sistema hidropônico estático aerado, contendo: 0; 15; 30 e 45 mmol L-1 NaCl. A massa seca de raízes, caule do porta-enxerto e caule da cultivar copa, bem como das folhas, foi reduzida em concentrações a partir de 15 mmol L-1 NaCl. Ocorreu redução de N, P, K+, Ca+2 e Mg+2 nas folhas de 'Haden', 'Palmer' e 'Ubá', respectivamente. 'Tommy Atkins' não apresentou variação no teor de N, P, K+ e Ca+2 foliar. No sistema radicular, os teores de N, P, K+, Ca+2 e Mg+2 foram reduzidos com o aumento de NaCl em todas as cultivares. A concentração externa do íon Na+ reduziu os sítios de absorção de K+ e Mg+2, e o íon Cl- atuou nos sítios de absorção de N e P, inibindo sua absorção devido a mecanismos competitivos.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A capacidade antioxidante e a qualidade pós-colheita do abacate 'Fuerte' foram avaliadas. Os frutos foram mantidos sob temperatura ambiente (24 ± 1 ºC) e sob refrigeração em 10 ± 1 ºC e 90±5% UR e avaliados durante 15 dias. Determinaram-se a perda de massa e a taxa respiratória. As características físico-químicas avaliadas foram acidez total titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), ratio, pH, firmeza, atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase (PPO), cor (L, a* e b*), fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante (AA) por DPPH·. Nas duas condições de armazenamento, o pico respiratório ocorreu no 9º dia.Os frutos mantidos sob temperatura refrigerada apresentaram menor perda de massa e maior firmeza em relação àqueles em temperatura ambiente. O comportamento respiratório refletiu na redução dos valores de AT e no conteúdo de SS que diminuíram a partir do pico de respiração. Os valores de pH aumentaram como consequência da diminuição da AT. Os valores de luminosidade mantiveram-se elevados, observando-se diminuição do componente de cor verde na polpa com o armazenamento. A atividade da PPO diminuiu com o armazenamento. Os valores de AA variaram de 17,6 a 68,7%. O conteúdo de fenólicos totais diminuiu após o pico respiratório, e valores crescentes de AA foram observados mesmo após o 9º dia.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A nutrição mineral está relacionada com a fisiologia do crescimento e da reprodução das anonáceas, pois cada espécie do gênero Annona possui sua carga genética que apresenta requerimentos nutricionais específicos para suas funções metabólicas. A marcha de absorção de nutrientes é muito importante para definir os estádios de desenvolvimentos e as doses adequadas de aplicação de fertilizantes nas anonáceas e obter delas seu máximo potencial produtivo. Há poucos estudos científicos a respeito de nutrição e da adubação de plantas dessa família botânica, mas é sabido que são muito exigentes em nutrientes. No presente trabalho, são abordadas as principais exigências minerais dentro do gênero Annona, com ênfase para pinha (A. squamosa) e graviola (A. muricata), que afetam o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo, bem como a qualidade dos frutos (teor de açucares, acidez, firmeza e rachadura de frutos, etc.). A marcha de absorção em gravioleira, na fase de crescimento de mudas, é de forma decrescente: K>N>Ca>Mg>P e Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. Expressivas quantidade de N, K, Ca, P e Mg são extraídas pelas anonáceas em comparação com outras frutíferas. A exportação de macronutrientes pelos frutos de pinha (A. squamosa) é superior aos exportados por laranjas, abacaxi, abacate e muitas outras frutas. A marcha de absorção de nutrientes dá-se de formas diferentes entre as anonáceas. Em relação aos micronutrientes, é sabido que o B e Zn desempenham importante função fisiológica no crescimento e na reprodução dessas plantas, mas a depender das características físicas e químicas do solo, outros elementos, como Fe, Mo, Cu, etc., poderão ser restritivos ao desenvolvimento e à produção dessa família de plantas. A crescente importância nos mercados de consumo in natura e de processamento industrial exige investigações científicas sobre a marcha de absorção e de nutrição mineral para as diversas espécies de anonáceas.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A síndrome do intestino curto é definida pela incapacidade da superfície do intestino delgado em manter as condições adequadas de absorção de nutrientes, ocasionando deficiências nutricionais. Em adultos, as principais causas de síndrome do intestino curto são as ressecções cirúrgicas amplas ou múltiplas, secundárias a infarto mesentérico, doença de Crohn e enterite actínica. Além de avaliar o tempo de trânsito até o intestino grosso, o exame contrastado de trânsito intestinal pode ser utilizado na medição da extensão do intestino remanescente e no acompanhamento dos fenômenos de adaptação estrutural das alças delgadas e colônicas. Em pacientes com síndrome do intestino curto, a adaptação estrutural do intestino delgado consiste na hiperplasia das vilosidades e das pregas mucosas, que se tornam mais numerosas, profundas e de maior diâmetro, assim como a dilatação do segmento remanescente. Esses achados morfológicos são mais pronunciados e bem estabelecidos nas alças ileais, evidenciando sua maior capacidade adaptativa. O conhecimento dos achados por imagem das características morfológicas e adaptativas do intestino delgado é de grande importância na abordagem multidisciplinar da síndrome do intestino curto.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A method for the determination of phosphorus in steel samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, using the Zeeman effect background correction and the STPF conditions is proposed. The effect of iron (III) on the phosphorus signal was studied. It was verified, through the pyrolysis temperature curves, that iron (III) is an efficient chemical modifier, thermically stabilizing phosphorus up to 1400ºC. The phosphorus signal increases with the iron (III) concentration, but in the range, which corresponds to the usual concentrations of iron in the sample solutions, the increase is small. Phosphorus was determined in three standard reference materials, after its dissolution in a mixture of hydrochloric and perchloric acids in a PTFE bomb. The agreement with the certified concentration values was excellent. Iron (III) was added to the reference analytical solutions prepared in the blank of the dissolution, while the sample solutions were measured directly, since they already contained the modifier. The detection limit (k = 2) was 0.0042% of phosphorus in the steel sample.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The physical and chemical characterization of vermicompost from bovine manure has been studied. It was examined the pH and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), organic matter content, electric conductivity and elementary and XRD analyses, among other characteristics. The vermicompost was then applied to the retention and competition of metal micronutrients and pollutants (Cu and Zn) from metal nitrate solutions. The retention was affected by both the pH and adsorption time, while the competitive character of these metals for the substrate was relevant to each pH examined.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

An automatic system for the direct determination of lead and tin by atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The on-line treatment of the metallic samples was obtained by anodic electrodissolution in a flow injection system. Lead was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and tin by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). A computer program managed the current source and the solenoid valves that direct the fluids. Good linear correlations between absorbance and current intensity for lead and tin were observed. Results were in agreement with the certified values. Precision was always better than 5%. The recommended procedure allows the direct determination of 60 or 30 elements/h using FAAS or GFAAS, respectively.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work several methods for evaluation of the degree of lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity are reviewed. Some aspects related to the recent advances mentioned in the literature are also reported.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This review presents the evolution of simultaneous multicomponent analysis by absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visual regions in terms of some qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, otimization methods, as well as applications and modern trends.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper presents a system for electrochemical hydride generation using flow-injection and atomic absorption spectrometry to determine selenium in biological materials. The electrolytic cell was constructed by assembling two reservoirs, one for the sample and the other for the electrolytic solution separated by a Nafion membrane. Each compartment had a Pt electrode. The sample and electrolyte flow-rates, acidic media, and applied current were adjusted to attain the best analytical performance and ensure the membrane lifetime. The atomisation system used a T quartz tube in an air-LPG flame. The composition of the flame, the observation height, and the argon flow rate used to carry the hydrides were critically investigated. The system allowed to perform thirty determinations per hour with a detection limit of 10 mug L-1 of Se. Relative standard deviations were in general lower than 1.5% for a solution containing 20.0 and 34.0 mug L-1 of Se in a typical sample digest. Accuracy was assessed analysing the certified materials: rice flour (NIST-1568) from National Institute of Standard and Technology and dried fish (MA-A-2), whole animal blood (A-2/1974) from the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A fast and direct method for the determination of Cr in milk and cane sugar suspensions using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction is described. No sample pre-treatment was necessary, minimizing the risk of contamination. The concentration of chromium in cane sugar was evaluated using Cr reference solutions prepared in 1% v/v HNO3 solution. The milk samples were introduced into the furnace with a mixture of amines for avoiding the autosampler blockage and foaming of milk. Chromium determination in milk was based on the standard additions method (SAM). The limit of detection and characteristic mass for cane sugar sample (30 muL) were 0,13 ng/ml and 4,3 pg, and for milk sample (10 muL) were 0,23 ng/ml and 7,8 pg, respectively. The graphite tube lifetime was 300 firings for sugar-cane sample and 100 firings for milk sample. The heating program was implemented in 68 s.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Selenium is both essential and toxic to man and animals, depending on the concentration and the ingested form. Most fruits and vegetables are poor sources of selenium, but coconut can be a good selenium source. Samples were suspended (1 + 4 v/v) in a mixture of tertiary amines soluble in water (10% v/v CFA-C). This simple sample treatment avoided contamination and decreased the analysis time. The standard additions method was adopted for quantification. The action of the autosampler was improved by the presence of the amines mixture in the suspension. A Varian model AA-800 atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a graphite furnace and a GTA 100 autosampler was used for selenium determination in coconut water and coconut milk. Background correction was performed by means of the Zeeman effect. Pyrolytically coated graphite tubes were employed. Using Pd as chemical modifier, the pyrolysis and the atomization temperatures were set at 1400 and 2200ºC, respectively. For six samples, the selenium concentration in coconut water varied from 6.5 to 21.0 mug L-1 and in coconut milk from 24.2 to 25.1 mug L-1. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by an addition-recovery experiment and all recovered values are in the 99.5-102.3% range. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can be directly applied without sample decomposition.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The aim of this work is to show an experiment from which students can learn some of the main characteristics of buffer solutions. A mixture of some acid-base indicators, named as Yamada's indicator, can be used to estimate pH values in an acid-base titration of a buffer, with good approximation. In the experiment it is also possible to verify the relationship between the buffer capacity and the concentrations and the molar ratio of the components of a NH3 / NH4+ buffer solution. The shortage of experiments associated with the relative small importance given to many aspects of buffer solutions, is now explored with simplicity. In the proposed experiments, students prepare buffer solutions by themselves, calculate the pH, understand how acid-base indicators act and learn how buffer solutions work through graph constructed by sharing experimental data.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A tungsten coil atomizer was used to investigate the effect of heating programs with constant or variable drying temperatures on the atomization of Al, Cd, Cr and Pb. The variation of the surface temperature in the tungsten coil furnace can occur during each heating step due to the design of the power supply, that may apply constant voltages during a programmed time. For volatile elements (Cd), losses in sensitivity were observed when the program with a variable temperature was used. On the other hand, these effects are negligible for less volatile elements (Al and Cr) and any tested program, in different acidic media, could be used without appreciable changes in sensitivities. The results allow the establishment of proper heating programs for elements with different thermochemical behavior in the tungsten coil atomizer.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper is the first part of an article aimed to present theoretical basis as well as some applications of two infrared reflection techniques: specular reflection and reflection-absorption. It is emphasyzed how the Kramers-Krönig analysis of reflection data can be useful in both retrieving optical constants and making spectral analysis possible. Examples of vitreous, powdered and liquid samples are given.